READING
Chapter 5
Section 3

- then and else blocks can include any kind of statement, including more if statements
- nested-if statement: if statement within the then or else block of another if statement
- possible to write if tests in different ways to achieve the same result
  - choose most readable and efficient
- increment operator
  - increases the value of the operand by 1
  - syntax: <variable name>++
- decrement operator
  - decreases the value of the operand by 1
  - syntax: <variable name>--
- apply nested-if structure if need to test conditions in some required order
- indent the then and else blocks to show the nested structure clearly
  - visual guide for readers
  - not required for compilation
- proper indentation important aspect of good programming style
- standard indentation for a series of else if
  if ...
      ...
  else if ...
      ...
  ...
  else if ...
      ...
  else
      ...
- dangling else problem
  - Java compiler matches else with the previous unmatched if
  - good reason to always use brackets around then and else blocks

Quick Check
1. a. if ( a < c && b < c )
          x = y;
      if ( (a < c && b >= c) || a >= c )
          x = z;
   b. if ( a >= b )
          x = y;
      else
          x = z;
   c. if ( a < b )
          x = y;
      else
          x = z;
2. a. if ( a < b )
          if ( c > d )
              x = y;
          else
              x = z;
   b. if ( a < b ) {
          if ( c > d )
              x = y;
      }
   c. if ( a < b )
          x = y;
      if ( a < c )
          x = z;
      else if ( c < d )
          z = y;