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Call Consistency & Overlap $ !Markov Random Field FormalizationJoint assignment of yi = {1,-1} for each FEP xi in binary P Unary idiom features fu Weights lu trained through logistic regression Binary features fo (overlap), fc (call consistency) Weights lo, lc large, negativeUZ/Z4ZZ   C C $K$((,,0044$88<<CK  CK $$((,,0044>~ 31Experimental SetupLarge set (100 s) of binaries from department Linux servers and Windows workstations Additional binaries compiled with Intel compiler Binaries have full symbol information Model implemented as extensions to Dyninst instrumentation library ZZU0  #  $$(( "Idiom Feature Selection & Training  Evaluation Data Sets MPreliminary Results TClassifier Comparisons RModel Component Contributions\Structural information improves classifier accuracy Conflict resolution contributes the most,]4([So Far We ve& xFramed stripped binary parsing as a machine learning problem Combined idiom and structural information to consider gap regions as a whole Extended Dyninst with classifier of Function Entry Points in gaps Obtained significant improvement in parsing stripped binaries over existing tools Shown how the HTC approach makes expensive ML techniques tractable for large scale systemsyZFYT  YTHYT `  YTI$$((XFuture Work: ExtensionsVWe d like precision-recall AUC 1. How? More detailed instruction sequence models (e.g. Hidden Markov Model) Additional information sources (e.g. pointer tables) Caveat: this is where IDA Pro often goes wrong Code provenance First task: identify source compiler (needed to choose appropriate model))z/J zUT/YT   JUTWFuture Work: TargetspMalicious code Lots of hand-coded assembly Usually packed (see Kevin Roundy s talk) Obfuscated code Obfuscation/deobfuscation arms race Signal-based obfuscation is latest salvo Can not trust control flow (e.g. non-returning calls, branch functions, opaque branches) Maybe model block-level structural properties?`ZEZZZ) p 0 Backup Slides <Tool Performance Comparison /h   3 4 56=NUVYZ  {` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғq>9y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@$|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>  (    04ӳ p  T Click to edit Master title style! !  s *ճ `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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Use Condor HTC to drive forward feature selection on idioms??: 4 3 A0  F 0 `$I,  4   !4 ZccjJ?#" @0 `$, "4 Z8%cc jJ?#" @ `$QI,___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  (namd Courier  (namd Courier  (namd Courier  (namd Courier    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography d___PPT10D<___PPT9| &Features: Feat1 Feat2 Feat3 ... Featk'  ccc c cccc!j #4 s * 7   3. Perform logistic regression on the selected idiom features to obtain model parameters lt>\Y   $4  fccG"Hqw?#" @.  %4 # lCccG"Hqw?#" @ p H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Zt +D=' {= @B +:!  { E = %9(  8r 8 S Ap   "p ` 9 #""1::Kp  9 TK ?#" @  Z70,620 nn  9 TN ?#" @  ^ 11,231,721   nn  9 Td2 ?#" @  ] 8,020,828   nn 9 Te ?#" @@   W443 nn 9 Tn ?#" @@  [MS VS nn 8 Tw ?#" @  Z47,841 nn 8 Ty ?#" @  ^ 13,169,487   nn 8 Tt ?#" @  ] 1,364,598   nn 8 T ?#" @@   W112 nn 8 T ?#" @@  YICC nn I8 Td ?#" @  Z85,870 nn J8 T ?#" @  ^ 22,806,449   nn K8 T ?#" @  ] 8,412,711   nn L8 T ?#" @@   W625 nn M8 T ?#" @@  YGCC nn N8 Z ?#" @ ` x"Actual number of functions in gaps## nn; O8 Z ?#" @`  Total Test Examples (pos+neg) nn? P8 Zl ?#" @ ` !Total Training Examples (pos+neg)"" nn  Q8 Zl ?#" @@ `  gPrograms examined nn R8 Z ?#" @`@  ^Compiler   nnB S8 Tccg  ?#" @``B T8 Ncc1 ?#" @B V8 Nccg  ?#" @B X8 Ncc1 ?#" @@ `@ B Y8 Ncc1 ?#" @ ` B Z8 Ncc1 ?#" @`B [8 Ncc1 ?#" @ ` B @9 Nccg  ?#" @B W8 Tccg  ?#" @`B Q9 Nccg  ?#" @B \8 Tccg  ?#" @` 8 s *~@ 0GNU C Compiler Simple, regular function preamble8 2"  2" k 9 s *~P AIntel C Compiler Most variation in entry points; highly optimized8 21  21 k 9 s *~H 8MS Visual Studio High variation in function entry points8 2(  2( kH 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.\tVO+D=' {= @B +G8 { R7J706f6(  x  c $/~p  ~ +t @  e #"& =3f % ZT0~ ?#" @H   b14,143 qw nn & ZX;~ ?#" @h H  _725 qw nn ' ZB~ ?#" @ h  \21,491 nn ( ZK~ ?#" @)  [9,044 nn ) Z>~ ?#" @ )  \65,586 nn * Z\~ ?#" @?   \79,320 nn + ZLf~ ?#" @ ?  ]MS VS nn , Zn~ ?3"@`H`   ZFN nn - Z$x~ ?3"@`h` H  ZFP nn . 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B G Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?N) @) B H Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?Nh@h B I Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?N  B J Ncc1 ?#" @?` ` B K Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?N`  B L Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?N ` B M Tcc1 ?"0@NNN?NH` H B N Nccg  ?#" @  B O Tccg  ?#" @@ B P Tccg  ?#" @  B Q Nccg  ?#" @  B R Tccg  ?#" @@ B S Tccg  ?#" @    T s *XE~0B 0Original Dyninst Scans for common entry preambleF 2 0 P2 ! k  U s *`^~B 8Dyninst w/ Model Model replaces entry preamble heuristicF 2(0 P2'2 k  V s *V~ppz___PPTMac11TL   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography \___PPT10<4___PPT9tl ![IDA Pro Disassembler Scans for common entry preamble List of Library Fingerprints (Windows)v 2G0 P2     H k f 6Hh~p+ ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   >*Comparison of three binary analysis tools:H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.\tVO+D=' {= @B +  {     ( Prewtnioc/_a.mo l  C 6~p  ~ R  C *A msvs-agg P  C (A icc-agg    6($~ !  ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   7GCCUT  6~~     ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   8MSVSUT  6~ <  ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   7ICCUT  s *ȗ~ ph___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol    (namd Symbol    (namd Symbol  <___PPT10R___PPT94, EModel-based Dyninst extensions outperform vanilla Dyninst and IDA Pro(F 2: ,  R  C *Agcc-base0 H  0޽h ? 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