Phu`ng Qua'n

[vuca@envi.env.civil.saitama-u.ac.jp (Vu Thanh Ca)]

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Ca'i email tru+o+'c to^i gu+?i bi. ho?ng. Xin gu+?i la.i. 
Xin lo^~i vi` gu+?i nhie^`u qua'. Ca.

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Cha`o ca'c ba'c,

Cuo^'i cu`ng ro^`i to^i cu~ng dda'nh ma'y xong ba`i vie^'t ve^` 
nha` va(n Phu`ng Qua'n. Ba`i na`y vie^'t dda^`u na(m 1994, 
cuo^'i na(m nha` va(n ma^'t. Va^.y to^i cho ra(`ng ca'c chi tie^'t 
la` chi'nh xa'c, 

Tuy nhie^n. to^i co' hai ca^u ho?i:

1. Nhu+ trong truye^.n, nha` va(n bi. ngu+o+`i ye^u bo?. Va^.y 
sau na`y, nha` va(n la^'y vo+. (co^ Tra^m) lu'c na`o? 

2. Anh NN Giao co' la^`n no'i ve^` vie^.c tie^`n in ta'c pha^?m cu?a 
nha` va(n la` do o^ng Nguye^~n Hu+~u DDang chi. Theo nhu+ ba`i 
vie^'t tre^n VHNT thi` o^ng DDang ra^'t nghe`o. So^' tho'c 4-5 ta. ma` 
o^ng DDang tie^'t kie^.m ddu+o+.c chi? gia' khoa?ng 50USD. Trong 
khi ddo' nha` va(n dda~ xua^'t ba?n ddu+o+.c nhie^`u truye^.n, tie^`n 
nhua^.n bu't cha('c cha('n cao ho+n so^' 50USD nhie^`u. Va^.y o^ng 
DDang la^'y dda^u ra tie^`n dde^? giu'p nha` va(n xua^'t ba?n sa'ch. 
Co' le~ o^ng Ddang nghe`o ho+n hha` va(n nhie^`u. Ho^`i 1992, 
thuo^'c "Ba so^'", "DullHil" o+? Vie^.t nam va^~n la` ra^'t quy', va^.y 
ma` ba.n be` nha` va(n toa`n hu't thuo^'c ddo', chu+'ng to? nha` va(n 
cu~ng ta.m so^'ng ddu+o+.c, tuy kho^ng du+ gia?. 

Ra^'t ca'm o+n ca'c anh chi. va` ba.n na`o tra? lo+`i hai ca^u ho?i na`y. 

Ca.

CHA^N DUNG NHA` VA(N PHU`NG QUA'N.


by Va(n Xu+o+ng


(Ngu+o+`i Ha` No^.i, So^' Te^'t Gia'p Tua^'t, 1994)


To^i ke^'t ba.n vo+'i Phu`ng Qua'n cho dde^'n tha'ng 7 na(m nay la` 
ddu'ng 33 na(m. Phu`ng Qua'n 63 tuo^?i, to^i 70 tuo^?i. To^i kho^ng 
pha?i la` ba.n va(n tho+ vo+'i Qua'n, ma` la` ba.n li'nh. To^i o+? ma(.t 
tra^.n Thu? ddo^, Qua'n o+? Trung ddoa`n Co^' ddo^.

Sau khi gia?i ngu~, to^i sinh so^'ng ba(`ng nghe^` ca^u ca'. Ho^`i ddo', 
quo^'c doanh ca' Ha` No^.i ba'n ve' ca^u ca' cho da^n ca^u o+? ho^` Ha-le 
mo^.t ve' hai ddo^`ng ca^u suo^'t nga`y. Nhu+~ng ho^m ga(.p may co' 
the^? kie^'m dduo+.c tu+` 5 dde^'n 7 ddo^`ng. Ca' ca^u ddu+o+.c to^i 
ddem ba'n cho mo^.t ba` co' ga'nh co+m dda^`u ghe^' (ba^y gio+` go.i la` 
co+m bu.i) o+? go'c cho+ Ha`ng Be`.

Thi?nh thoa?ng to^i ga(.p mo^.t thanh nie^n tra.c 27, 28 tuo^?i ma(.c 
qua^n phu.c ba.c ma`u, gu+o+ng ma(.t xanh xao, ho^'c ha'c, a'nh ma('t 
buo^`n ra^`u u ua^?n. Anh ta thu+o+`ng mua mo^.t ba't co+m cu`ng 
mo^.t ba't canh vo+'i ve? lo+ dda~ng nhu+ kho^ng bie^'t mi`nh ddang a(n 
gi`, ro^`i anh la(?ng la(.ng bo? ddi. .. To^i ddoa'n li'nh phu.c vie^n nhu+
to^i, 
kho^ng gia ddi`nh, nha` cu+?a, kho^ng co^ng a(n vie^.c la`m... Kho^ng 
hie^?u sao da'ng ve? ma(.t u ua^'t xanh xao cu?a anh ga^y a^'n tu+o+.ng 
xo't xa, tha^.t na(.ng ne^`... Va` to^i ti`m ca'ch la`m quen.

Nga.c nhie^n khi ddu+o+.c bie^'t anh la` Phu`ng Qua'n, ta'c gia? cuo^'n 
tie^?u thuye^'t no^?i tie^'ng "Vu+o+.t Co^n DDa?o" ma` to^i va` ddo^`ng 
ddo^.i dda~ ddo.c mo^.t ca'ch say me^. 

Mo^.t ho^m khi dda~ kha' tha^n nhau. to^i ho?i Phu`ng Qua'n: "Ca^.u dda~ 
vie^'t ca'i gi` o+? Nha^n Va(n Giai Pha^?m ma` ba'o chi' sa'ch vo+? bi`nh 
lua^.n phe^ pha'n ghe^ the^'". Qua'n ddang vui. bo^~ng sa sa^`m ne't ma(.t:

- Chuye^.n dda~ qua, nha('c la.i la`m gi` anh! 

- Nhu+ng su+. tha^.t ca^.u dda~ vie^'t gi`? to^i ho?i. Vie^'t gi`? 

Qua'n kho^ng muo^'n no'i, song to^i cu+' ga.n ho?i, anh dda`nh tra? 
lo+`i cho qua:

-Vie^'t ddo^.c hai ba`i tho+. Ba`i thu+' nha^'t "Cho^'ng Tham 
o^ la~ng phi'":

Vi` le~ ddo' to^i quye^'t ta^m ro+`i bo? 
Nhu+~ng va^`n tho+ bay bu+o+'m, dda^`y hoa 
Nhu+~ng va^`n tho+ nhu+ gia^'y trang kim, va`ng ma~, 
Da'n le^n qua^n trang dda^~m mo^` ho^i va` ma'u tu+o+i 
                                                                ca'ch ma.ng

Nhu+ co^ng tha^`n
To^i muo^'n ddu'c tho+ to^i tha`nh dda.n! 
Ba('n va`o tim nhu+~ng ke? la`m ca`n
Nhu+~ng ke? tie^u ma'u da^n nhu+ tie^u ba.c gia?! (....) 
Trung u+o+ng DDa?ng o+i, bo.n chuo^.t nha('t ma(.t ngu+o+`i 
                                                                           
    chu+a he^'t
DDa?ng ca^`n la^.p nhu+~ng ddo^.i qua^n tie^u die^.t 
Co' to^i ddi trong ha`ng ngu~ tie^n phong. 

Ba`i thu+' hai la` "Lo+`i me. da(.n" dda(ng tre^n tua^`n ba'o Va(n: 

Ye^u ai cu+' ba?o la` ye^u
Ghe't ai cu+' ba?o la` ghe't
Du` ai ngon ngo.t nuo^ng chie^`u
Cu~ng kho^ng no'i ye^u tha`nh ghe't
Du` ai ca^`m dao do.a gie^'t
Cu~ng kho^ng no'i ghe't tha`nh ye^u....

To^i no'i:

- Mi`nh nho+' ra ro^`i. Va`o cuo^'i na(m 1957, ba'o Nha^n Da^n co' 
dda(ng ba`i tho+ "Lo+`i Me. Da(.n co' pha?i la` ba`i tho+ cha^n tha^.t" 
ky' te^n la` Tru'c Chi co' pha?i la` dde^? cho^'ng ba`i tho+ cu?a Phu`ng 
Qua'n kho^ng? 

Phu`ng Qua'n la(?ng la(.ng ru't trong tu'i a'o ra ba`i tho+ ca('t o+? 
ba'o Nha^n Da^n, chi`a ra tru+o+'c ma(.t to^i: "Ba`i tho+ na`y chu+' 
gi`, dda~ bao na(m nay to^i va^~n giu+~ no' luo^n trongn ngu+.c a'o... 
va` se~ giu+~ no' cho dde^'n lu'c che^'t. Ro^` Qua'n ddo.c to mo^.t 
ddoa.n cuo^'i ba`i tho+. 

To^i ho?i:

-Nhu+ng Tru'c Chi la` ca^.u na`o the^'.

-Lu'c dda^`u. to^i cu+' tu+o+?ng la` tay Tru'c Chi la`m tho+, 
da.y ho.c o+? Ha?i Pho`ng, ngu+o+`i khu Na(m, cu`ng tra.c 
tuo^?i to^I. To^i lie^`n pho'ng ngay ve^` Ha?i Pho`ng, go.i ha('n ra, 
gi' ba`i ba'o va`o mu~i ha('n:"Cu`ng la` da^n la`m tho+ vo+'i nhau, 
sao ca^.u co' the^? chu+?i ru?a to+' vo+'i ca'i gio.ng ha. ca^'p 
dde^'n the^'. DDo.c xong ba`i tho+, anh ta lo^. ve? su+?ng so^'t 
no'i: "Ba`i tho+ na`y kho^ng pha?i cu?a to^i. Ta'c gia? tru`ng te^n 
vo+'i to^i tho^i".

Ca(.p ma('t Qua'n lo'e a'nh gia^.n du+~, a'nh ma('t quen thuo^.c 
cu?a bo.n li'nh chu'ng to^i khi quye^'t ddi.nh lao va`o mo^.t tra^.n 
dda'nh lie^`u li~nh, ba^'t ca^`n ddo+`i.

Mo^.t ho^m tro+`i la.nh ca(m ca(m, chu'ng to^i ru? nhau va`o 
qua'n nu+o+'c ven ddu+o+`ng, do^'c ca.n tu'i mua ru+o+.u 
chui uo^'ng cho a^'m ngu+o+`i. Chu? qua'n ho?i kha'ch: "Anh 
uo^'ng nu+o+'c ddo? hay nu+o+'c tra('ng"-- nu+o+'c tra('ng la` 
ru+o+.u. Chuye^.n ddang vui, gu+o+ng ma(.t Qua'n bo^~ng tro+? 
ne^n u ua^'t. Ca^.u ta uo^'ng mo^.t lu'c lie^`n ba che'n. Kho^ng nga^?ng 
ma(.t le^n, ma('t dda(m dda(m nhi`n va`o che'n ru+o+.u uo^'ng 
do+?: "The^' ma` to^i dda~ bu+o+'c va`o tuo^?i ba mu+o+i, tam 
tha^.p nhi la^.p... la^.p...!To^i ma^'t quye^`n ddu+o+.c xua^'t ba?n
ta'c pha^?m, ma^'t ngu+o+`i ye^u....Mo^'i ti`nh dda^`u va` co' le~ 
la` mo^'i ti`nh cuo^'i cu`ng cu?a ddo+`i to^i. Ba^y gio+`, to^i kho^ng 
nha` kho^ng cu+?a, tu+' co^' vo^ tha^n... O^ten ddo+` la hie^n, 
O^ten ddo+` la ga la` no+i ta.m tru' chi'nh cu?a to^i. Ho^.i Va(n 
Nghe^. tro+. ca^'p cho to^i mo^~i tha'ng 27 ddo^`ng. Mu+o+`i nga`y 
a(n co+m dda^`u ghe^' la` nha(~n tu'i....To^i ho?i anh....dde^'n nu+o+'c 
na`y thi` co`n so^'ng ma` la`m gi`?....Nhu+ng 
nghi~ ddi nghi~ la.i, ne^'u to^i che^'t thi` ai se~ minh oan cho to^i? 
To^i quye^'t pha?i la`m xong ba vie^.c, ma` kho^ng the^? nho+` ai 
la`m thay....thi` co' che^'t to^i mo+'i che^'t. Vie^.c thu+' nha^'t: Pha?i 
ti`m cho ra Tru'c Chi la` ai...Vie^.c thu+' hai: To^i pha?i in ba(`ng 
ddu+o+.c ta'c pha^?m tho+, va(n xuo^i, nga('n da`i co`n tu`y, nhu+ng 
ta'c pha^?m na`y pha?i no'i le^n ddu+o+.c mo^.t ddie^`u duy nha^'t la`: 
To^i la` Ve^. Quo^'c DDoa`n, to^i chu+a bao gio+` la` te^n pha?n 
ddo^.ng. Vie^.c thu+' ba la` to^i pha?i tro+? la.i ngo^i nha` 4 Ly' Nam 
DDe^' (co+ quan ta.p chi' Va(n Nghe^. Qua^n DDo^.i") dda`ng hoa`ng 
nhu+ mo^.t ngu+o+`i li'nh tro+? la.i ddo^.i ngu~ cu?a mi`nh. DDie^`u 
ma` to^i quan ta^m la` pha?i ti`m mo^.t nghe^` na`o ddo' dde^? kie^'m 
so^'ng ma` thu+.c hie^.n ba vie^.c dda~ va.ch ra".

To^i dde^` nghi. vo+'i Phu`ng Qua'n: "Hay Qua'n thu+? ho.c la^'y 
nghe^` ca^u ca', tuy chi? la` nghe^` ta.m bo+., nhu+ng tru+o+'c 
ma('t co' the^? kie^'m ddu? nga`y hai bu+~a, ne^'u ca^u co' ky~ 
thua^.t". To^i sa('m cho Qua'n mo^.t bo^. ca^`n ca^u, ro^`i ddu+a 
Qua'n ra ho^` Ha le, mua ve' ca^u, vu+`a ho.c vu+` thu+.c ta^.p luo^n. 
To^i truye^`n cho Qua'n ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng bi' ma^.t nha` nghe^` ma` 
to^i dda~ ti'ch lu~y ddu+o+.c qua thu+.c te^'. 

Ve^` va(n tho+ thi` to^i chu+a ro~, nhu+ng ve^` nghe^` ca^u thi` pha?i 
thu+`a nha^.n Qua'n nhu+ co' na(ng khie^'u ba^?m sinh. Chi? sau 
mo^.t tua^`n, Qua'n dda~ na('m kha' vu+~ng tay nghe^` va` co' 
ca' ba'n. Mo^.t ho^m, Qua'n ba?o to^i: "Mo^~i nga`y ma^'t ddu+'t 
hai ddo^`ng mua ve' ca^u thi` ddau ho+n hoa.n. Lo+~ co' nga`y 
kho^ng di'nh ddu+o+.c con na`o thi` ma^'t ca? chi` la^~n cha`i, 
To^i muo^'n ti`m ho^` na`o ca^u kho^ng pha?i mua ve' a^'y". To^i 
no'i "The^' thi` pha?i nha^.p ho^.i ca^u ca' tro^.m vu`ng Nghi Ta`m, 
Ta^y Ho^`, Qua?ng Ba'....Nhu+ng ca^u tro^.m nguy hie^?m la('m. 
Lo+~ tua^`n ho^` ma` ba('t ddu+o+.c thi` ho. cho a(n no ddo`n, hoa(.c 
ba('t giam giu+~". "DDu+o+.c, to^i cha^'p nha^.n nguy hie^?m", 
Qua'n no'i, ma` to'm to^i cu~ng cha(?ng de^~ la('m dda^u. Ho^`i co`n
la`m li'nh trinh sa't, Ta^y ca`n va^y bo^'n ma(.t, to^i va^~n thoa't ngon 
o+. DDe^? dda.t ba(`nng ddu+o+.c mu.c ddi'ch dda~ tu+. dda(.t ra, 
to^i sa(~n sa`ng la`m nhu+~ng vie^.c to^`i te^. nhu+: ca^u ca' tro^.m,
 vie^'t va(n chui. Khi dda
~ hoa`n ta^'t ba vie^.c tre^n, to^i se~ la`m nhu+ Raskolnikov trong 
"To^.i a'c va` tru+`ng pha.t" cu?a Dostoievsky. To^i se~ ra quy` tru+o+'c 
cho+. DDo^`ng Xua^n, ho^n dda^'t va` no'i to le^n vo+'i ta^'t ca? mo.i 
ngu+o+`i: To^i la` ke? tu+`ng la`m nhu+~ng vie^.c nho+ nho+'p dde^? 
kie^'m so^'ng. To^i xin ddu+o+.c tru+`ng pha.t". 

To^i ddu+a Qua'n dde^'n gio+'i thie^.u vo+'i ma^'y te^n ca^u tro^.m 
thuo^.c ha`ng cu+. pha'ch cu?a Ho^` Ta^y ma` to^i dda~ bie^'t. 

Tu+` ddo'. Qua'n kho^ng theo to^i nu+~a, ma` ve^` nha^.p ho^.i vo+'i 
da^n ca^u tro^.m Ho^` Ta^y. Ho+n nu+?a na(m sau, nghe to^i khuye^n 
can, Qua'n nhe^'ch me'p cu+o+`i, tra? lo+`i to^i ba(`ng ca'ch ddo.c ca^u
 tho+ cu?a Tagore trong ba`i "Hai ma^~u dda^'t": "Nga`y nay, ca'c 
ngu+o+`i la` tha'nh hie^`n. Ta ngu+o+.c la.i tha`nh te^n dda.o ta(.c." 

Qua'n ddi ra ca^`u ao, xa'ch le^n mo^.t con ca' tra('m dden co+~ hai 
ky', buo^.c o+? cha^n co.c. "Bie^'u tha^`y dde^? ta. o+n truye^`n 
nghe^`. To^i mo+'i to'm ddu+o+.c cu ca^.u khoa?ng ba gio+` sa'ng 
ho^m nay". Qua'n la.i cu+o+`i, ddo.c the^m mo^.t ca^u tho+ cu?a 
Essinine: "Nhu+~ng so^' pha^.n kha'c thu+o+`ng sinh ra dde^`u 
ddi.nh tru+o+'c. To^i kho^ng tha`nh nha` tho+ thi` cu~ng tha`nh 
tro^.m cu+o+'p". 

Nga`y mo+'i quen, bia ho+i Qua'n cu~ng chu+a bie^'t uo^'ng, 
che^ dda('ng - ma` da.o na`y Qua'n uo^'ng thu`ng ba^'t chi thi`nh, 
go'c li't "cuo^'c lu?i" co' the^? ddi luo^n mo^.t ho+i. Qua'n no'i: 
"Ru+o+.u la` cu+'u ca'nh vi~ dda.i cu?a phu+o+`ng dda.o ta(.c 
so^ng ho^`". To^i lo la('ng "nhu+ng tie^`n dda^u ma` uo^'ng thu+o+`ng 
xuye^n nhu+ va^.y?" 

Ho+n ba mu+o+i na(m sau, Phu`ng Qua'n mo+'i hoa`n tha`nh
dda^`y ddu? ba co^ng vie^.c ma` anh tu+. dde^` ra. Vie^.c thu+' 
nha^'t la` ti`m ra ddu+o+.c Tru'c Chi, chi'nh la` Hoa`ng Va(n Hoan, 
nga`y ddo' la` u?y vie^n Bo^. Chi'nh tri.. Ba`i tho+ "Lo+`i me. da(.n 
co' pha?i la` ba`i tho+ cha^n tha^.t" ddu+o+.c in la.i trong ta^.p "Mo^.t 
ddo^i va^`n" cu?a Hoa`ng Va(n Hoan, do nha` xua^'t ba?n Vie^.t ba('c 
a^'n ha`nh na(m 1976. Nhu+ng ma~i dde^'n na(m 1978, Qua'n mo+'i ti`m 
tha^'y ta^.p tho+. Qua'n ddu+a ta^.p tho+ cho to^i xem, va` no'i:"To^i 
chu+a ki.p tha'ch dda^'u thi` o^ng ta dda~ cha.y tro^'n va` mo.i ngu+o+`i 
dda~ bie^'t o^ng ta la` ai." 

Vie^.c thu+' hai la` na(m 1987, nha` xua^'t ba?n Thua^.n Ho'a dda~ in 
cho Qua'n tie^?u thuye^'t bo^. ba "Tuo^?i tho+ du+~ do^.i" vo+'i 60 nga`n 
ba?n sa'ch. Ke^'t thu'c cuo^'n sa'ch la` nha^n va^.t chi'nh, em Mu+`ng, 
mo^.t ve^. qua^n 13 tuo^?i, bi. ti`nh nghi la` gia'n ddie^.p, Vie^.t gian. Em 
dda~ hy sinh tre^n dda`i quan sa't o+? chie^'n khu Ho`a My~ sau khi hoa`n 
tha`nh nhie^.m vu. chie^'n si~ trinh sa't. Tru+o+'c khi ta('t tho+? vi` dda.n 
ga(m dda^`y ngu+o+`i, em go.i ddie^.n thoa.i cho trung ddoa`n tru+o+?ng, 
nha('n la.i mo^.t lo+`i tra(ng tro^'i cuo^'i cu`ng: "Anh o+i, em kho^ng pha?i
 la` Vie^.t gian, em la` Ve^. Quo^'c Qua^n". 

Vie^.c thu+' 3 la` tha'ng 1 na(m 1992, ta.p chi' Va(n nghe^. Qua^n 
ddo^.i la`m le^~ ky? nie^.m 30 na(m nga`y tha`nh la^.p ta.p chi'. Qua'n 
ddu+o+.c mo+`i dde^'n tru. so+? 4 Ly' Nam DDe^' vo+'i tu+ ca'ch la` 
mo^.t trong nhu+~ng ca'n bo^. bie^n ta^.p dda^`u tie^n cu?a ta.p chi'. 

Phu`ng Qua'n no'i vo+'i to^i: "DDe^? thu+.c hie^.n du+o+.c ba vie^.c 
tre^n, to^i u+o+'c ti'nh dda~ ca^u tro^.m cu?a Nha` nu+o+'c khoa?ng 
4 ta^'n ca' va` vie^'t va(n chui khoa?ng ho+n na(m chu.c cuo^'n sa'ch 
da^`y mo?ng. To^i dda~ chui va(n sang ca? Lie^n Xo^ cu~ mo^.t truye^.n 
nga('n nhan dde^` "Nhu+ con bo` va`ng trong co^? ti'ch" nha^n di.p ky? 
nie^.m 100 na(m nga`y sinh Le^-nin. Lie^n xo^ (cu~) gu+?i ta(.ng mo^.t 
ca'i xe dda.p ma` hie^.n nay to^i ddang ddi. Ve^` so^' ca' tro^.m, to^i dda~ '
nghi~ ca'ch dde^`n bu`. Na(m 1988, sau khi ddu+o+.c tuye^n bo^' phu.c 
ho^`i ho^.i ti.ch Ho^.i nha` va(n, to^i ddu+o+.c nha` xua^'t ba?n Tre? in 
cuo^'n truye^.n thie^'u nhi da`y 200 trang, nhan dde^` "Du~ng Si~ 
Che'p Co`m". Sa'ch in 40 000 ba?n, nhu+ va^.y mo^~i ca^n ca' to^i 
dde^`n 10 ba?n sa'ch no'i ve^` ca'. Ne^'u vie^.c dde^` bu` nhu+ va^.y 
chu+a xu+'ng dda'ng thi` to^i co`n pha?i lao ddo^.ng nhie^`u ho+n nu+~a."

To^i ba?o Qua'n: "Ca^.u vo+'i mi`nh vu+`a la` ba.n li'nh, vu+`a la` ba.n 
ca^u. Mi`nh muo^'n vie^'t mo^.t ca'i cha^n dung ve^` ca^.u." 

Phu`ng Qua'n cu+o+`i: "Vie^'t la`m gi` cho me^.t, anh Xu+o+ng o+i! 
Ca'c ba.n tu+` la^u dda~ ve~ cha^n dung to^i vo+'i sa'u tu+`: ca' tro^.m, 
ru+o+.u chi.u, va(n chui".

Va(n Xu+o+ng.