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Tra^`n- DDo^ng A - Ma^n - Vie^.t Nam A' (Part 1)
Hello all,
To^i chu+a nha^.n ddu+o+.c su+. tra? lo+`i cu?a hai anh Tra'c va` Aiviet
ve^` nhu+~ng chu+'ng minh to^? 3 ddo+`i cu?a vua Tra^`n la` ngu+o+`i Ha'n
Hoa (Han Chinese). I am waiting for you, guys (I am a bookist too) :-).
Nhu+ng ca?m tha^'y hai anh mong cho+`the^m ca'c ba`i trong di.p weekend
va` tha^'y ne^'u bo? thi` gio+` qua' nhie^`u trong nga`y nghi~, vo+. con
se~ pha`n na`n ne^n vie^'t Pha^`n 1 trong gio+` a(n tru+a.
Nhu+~ng du+~ kie^.n ma` to^i no'i o+? post tru+o+'c ma` chi'nh su+? ghi
che'p dda~ ddu? (va` ddang ddo+.i su+. tra? lo+`i cu?a anh Tra'c va`
Aiviet :-). Tuy nhie^n mo^.t va`i phu+ong chi'nh ta^m thu+'c, xa~ ho^.i
ho.c, va(n ho'a ho.c.. bo^? tu'c the^m ve^` originality of ho. Tra^`n va`
tho+`i dda.i Tra^`n no'i chung. Dda so^' la` tu+` trong sa'ch cu?a GS Tran
Quoc Vuong ma` anh Tra'c ddo.c kho^ng tha^'y gi` va` anh AiViet muo^'n tri'ch
ra mo^.t pha^`n xem va` ti`m hie^?u.
Pha^`n 1 (brief and short)
Ngu+o+`i da^n Vie^.t mie^`n bie^?n Ba('c pha^`n ma` ho. nha` Tra^`n ta^.p
trung tu+` Nam Ddi.nh, Ha?i Du+o+ng lan va`o no^.i ddi.a co' va(n hoa' so^ng
nu+o+'c ga('n lie^`n vo+'i va(n ho'a vu`ng cao ta.o tha`nh mo^.t ba?n sa('c
cu?a va(n ho'a Vietnam. Ba?n cha^'t so^ng nu+o+'c cu?a ho. Tra^`n ddu+oc the^?
hie^.n (tri'ch Tra^`n Quo^'c Vu+o+.ng "Xu+' ddo^ng Ha?i Hu+ng nhi`n tu+`
ke? cho+." in "Theo do`ng li.ch su+?") :
".. xu+' Nam co' Chu+? DDo^`ng Tu+? ro^`i ma^~u Lie^~u Ha.nh, thi` xu+'
DDo^ng ddo+`i ddo+`i ra.ng danh Ddo^ng Ha?i dda.i vu+o+ng vo+'i ha`ng
tra(m dde^`n tho+` tu+` Ba^`n Ye^n Nha^n do.c ddu+o+`ng 5 xuo^'ng ta^.n
Ha?i Pho`ng.
Tha^`n la` ai ?
Ai bie^'t ddi ddie^`n da~ da^n to^.c-su+? (Ethno-historic) thi` se~
hie^?u : Nguye^n lai, dda^'y la` nhu+~ng dde^`n tho+` CA'-O^NG-VOI cu?a
ngu+ da^n va` cu+ da^n ven bie^?n; sau tho+`i Ly' sang ddo+`i Tra^`n,
thi` tha^`n DDo^ng Ha?i Ha?i DDo^ng dda~ ddu+o+.c nha^n ca'ch ho'a va`
ho'a tha^n va`o mo^.t nha^n va^.t li.ch su+? co' tha^.t : DDo' la`
tu+o+'ng qu^an DDo^ng Ha?i dda.i vu+o+ng DDoa`n Thu+o+.ng, ngu+o+`i dda~
cu`ng tu+o+'ng qua^n hoa`i DDa.o Vu+o+ng xu+' Ba('c Nguye^~n No^.n la`m
nghie^n ngu+~a li.ch su+~ cuo^'i Ly'-dda^`u Tra^`n.. DDe^? cuo^'i cu`ng,
vi` chia re~ nhau, ca? 2 tu+o+'ng qua^n xu+' DDo^ng, xu+' Ba('c dde^`u
thua tri', thua lu+.c cu?a do`ng ho. Tra^`n go^'c da^n cha`i xu+' Nam.
Ho. Tra^`n tro+? tha`nh hoa`ng to^.c, no+? ro^. tu+` xu+' Nam-Thie^n
Tru+o+`ng ro^`i loan toa sang ca? lo^. Ha?i DDo^ng va` ca? nu+o+'c, vo+'i
"ca'i nhi`n ve^` bie^?n" ro^.ng ra~i ho+n.. Chi'nh nha` Tra^`n dda~ chia
mie^`n Bie^?n DDa.i Vie^.t khi a^'y tha`nh 2 khu vu+.c qua?n ly' : HA?I
DD^ONG tu+` cu+?a DDa'y dde^'n gia'p Kha^m Lie^m Qua?ng DD^ong, HA?I TA^Y
cha.y do.c da`i ven bie^?n Thanh-Nghe^.-Ti?nh Bi`nh-Tri.-Thie^n..."
Go^'c nha` Tra^`n la` the^' gio+'i so^ng nu+o+'c va` bie^?n (BTW to^i
thi'ch va` tha^'y ba`i cu?a anh Hong Lam Vu ve^` non nu+o+'c va` ta^m
thu+'c ngu+o+`i Vie^.t ra^'t gio^'ng ca'c ba`i ve^` ta^m thu+'c cu?a
TQVu+o+.ng).
Ne^'u ba^y gio+` chu'ng ta so sa'nh vo+'i la^.p nghie^.p cu?a ho. Tra^`n
so vo+'i la^.p nghie^.p cu?a ho. Ma.c Cu+u~ o+? Ha` Tie^n Tra^'n sau
nay`, ta se~ tha^'y nhu+~ng su+. kha'c bie^.t to lo+'n. Ne^'u vie^'ng Ha`
Tie^n va` xem dde^`n tho+` hoa(.c chu`a trie^`n cu?a ho. Ma.c, ta se~ tha^'y
kie^'n tru'c va` tha^`n linh dde^`u la` cu?a Ha'n va` anh? hu+o+?ng Ha'n
ra^'t man.h. Heck, i can not find Quan Co^ng and other Chinese deities in
Tra^`n temples.
Tra'i la.i dde^`n tho+` va` kie^'n tru'c cu?a ho. Tra^`n o+? Thie^n
Tru+o+`ng, Ye^n Tu+? hoa(.c ca'c no+i kha'c nhu+ Tha(ng Long thi` ro~
ra`ng la` mang na(.ng ta^m tha^`n DDa.i Vie^.t. DDa(.c bie^.t O+? que^
hu+o+ng ho. Tra^`n, co' nhie^`u dde^`n tho+` thu?y tha^`n. Vu`ng Ha` Nam
Ninh cu~ng la` no+i kha'm pha' nhie^`u
thuye^`n mo^. (mo^.t nghi thu+'c tie^u bie^?u cua? cu+ da^n dda? so^ng
nu+o+'c Ddo^ng Nam A'). Co' the^? no'i no+i na`y la` no+i ca'c la`n so'ng
cu+ da^n ha?i dda?o tu+` nhie^`u no+i ddi dde^'n, ke^? ca? ho. Tra^`n.
Anh cha`ng to^? ho. Tra^`n la`m vua, ne^'u la` Ha'n Hoa dde^'n dda^y
ba(`ng thuye^`n (unlikely) thi` se~ ca?m tha^'y la.c lo~ng trong mo^.t
mo^i tru+o+`ng va(n ho'a xa la.
(Xem the^m
Ha` Va(n Ta^'n : "Va(n ho'a nguye^n thuy? DDo^ng Nam A' nhu+ mo^.t co^.i
nguo^`n cu?a va(n ho'a da^n gian", Ta.p chi' Va(n Ho'a da^n gian, 1984,
so^' 3, p.9-12
Pha.m Quo^'c Qua^n : Mo^. thuye^`n Cha^u So+n va` nhu+~ng ngo^i mo^.
thuye^`n mo+'i pha't hie^.n o+? Ha` Nam Ninh", Tap chi' Kha?o Co^? Ho.c,
so^' 2-1981)
Su+. tho+` thuy? tha^`n la` mo^.t ne't dda(.c bie^.t o+? vu`ng nay` nhu+
tho+` Qua?ng Ba' dda.i vu+o+ng va` ma^~u thuy? tha^`n cu`ng 5 con trai
cu/a thuy tha^`n nhu+ o+? dde^`n Tha'nh Ca?, Tha'nh Hai, Tha'nh Ba,
Tha'nh Tu+ va` dde^`n Tha'nh Ngu~.
Theo TQV, o+? ca'c vu`ng va(n ho'a Champa cu~ng co' co+ ca^'u ga('n
vo+'i ca'c do`ng so^ng mie^`n Trung va` le^n mo^ hi`nh qui hoa.ch "tie^?u
quo^'c" Cha(m co^? la^y do`ng so^ng la` tru.c chu? dda.o (generator) nhu+
o+? co+ ca^'u Ha` Nam Ninh tho+`i Tra^`n (xem TQV "So^ng Cha^u-Nu'i
DDo.i-Ho. Tra^`n va` nhu+~ng mo^'i quan he^. vo+'i cu. Ke'p Tra`" in Theo
do`ng Li.ch Su+?).
Cu~ng kho^ng la. gi`, khi nhu+~ng tu+` Vie^.t Nam nhu+ : so^ng ngo`i,
ca', cu` lao.. la` nhu+~ng tu+` go^'c Malayo-Polynesian ma` ngu+o+`i
Vie^.t, Cha`m, Ma~ Lai va` go^'c Malaya-Indonesian o+? DDa`i Loan.. (xin
mo+? ngoa(.c dda^y la` tu+` ca', mo^.t mo'n a(n kho^ng the^? thie^'u
ddu+o+.c cu?a cu+ da^n dda?o va` nu+o+'c, nhu+ Ho. Tra^`n nha` ta, la`
tu+` go^'c cho nhie^`u da^n to^.c tre^n.
"Theo Tu+` nguye^n ho.c da^n gian kie^?u "dde^`n Ga`n o+? Thanh Tri` la`
o^ng tha'nh na`y co' ti'nh ga`n. Ky` thu+.c, theo va(n bia co`n la.i o+?
dde^`n ddo+`i Le^ va` theo Li~nh Nam Chi'ch Qua'i dde6`n co' te^n la`
"Xa' Ca`n" va` tha^`n la` con cu?a Thuy? Tha^`n. Xa' Ca`n, cu~ng nhu+
Ca`n, Ga`n (K-G ve^` ngu+~ a^m, kie^?u Ca^'u, Ca'o cu?a phu+o+ng ngu+~
Thanh Ho'a va` Mu+o+`ng) dde^`u co' go^'c Malayo-Polynesian la` CA'.
Tie^'ng Nha^.t : Xa-kan = ca', tie^'ng Cha`m Kan=Ca')"
(TQV "Ma^'y ne't to'm ta('t ve^` la`ng Gie~ Ha. - Xa~ Thi.nh Phu'c va` Phu?
Tu+` ho. DDa(.ng o+? xa~ nha`" in Theo do`ng Li.ch Su+?)
Cu~ng va^.y ca'c loa.i cu+?a bie^?n mang te^n Co+`n - Ca`n o+? Hu+ng
Ye^n, Tha'i Bi`nh, Nam DDi.nh, Thanh Hoa', Nghe^. Ti~nh,
Bi`nh-Tri.-Thie^n dde^`u mang y' nghi~ ddo' theo go^'c Ma~ Lai co^?. O^ng
to^? ca'c ho. Tra^`n ddi thuye^`n dde^'n ddi..nh cu+ vu`ng na`y se~ find
a familiar and comfortable environment not an alien one.
(Pha^`n 2 : Su+. ga('n bo' va` affinity ta^m thu+'c Cham-Viet tren va(n
ho'a ddo+`i Tra^`n va` quy' to^.c ddo+`i Tra^`n)
References : Cao Xua^n Pho^?, Tran Quo^'c Vu+o.ng
(To be continued)
Cheers,
Hiep Nguyen