%Zafarullah1999
\rhl{Z}
\refR Zafarullah, A.;
Spline functions as approximate solutions of boundary value 
problems;
Florida State Univ.; xx;

%Zagar2002
% Emil Zagar 20jan03
\rhl{}
\refJ {\v Z}agar, E.;
On $G^2$ continuous spline interpolation of curves in $\RR^d$;
\BIT; 42; 2002; 670--688;

%ZairTosan1997
% larry 10sep99
\rhl{ZT}
\refP Zair, C. E., Tosan, E.;
Unified IFS-based model to generate smooth or fractal forms;
\ChamonixIIIb; 345--354;

%Zamani1981
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zamani,  N. G.;
A least square finite element method applied to B-splines;
J.  Franklin Inst.; 311; 1981;	195--208;

%Zambardino1970
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zambardino, R. A.;
Algorithm 53. Decomposition of positive definite symmetric band 
matrices;
\CJ; 13; 1970; 421--422;

%Zang1981
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zang,  G. C.;
On the uniqueness and existence of cubic splines (Chinese);
Math.\  Numer.\  Sinica; 3; 1981;  113--116;

%ZangZMartin1997
% . 05mar08
\rhl{ZM}
\refJ Zang, Z., Martin, C. F.;
Convergence and Gibbs' phenomenon in cubic spline interpolation of
   discontinuous functions;
\JCAM; 87; 1997; 359--371;

%Zansykbaev1972
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zansykbaev,  A. A.;
On the approximation of periodic functions
	 using parabolic splines;
Sb.\  Sov.\  Probl.\ Summir.\  Pribl.\  Funk.\  i ih Prilozh
	 Dnepropetrovsk; XX; 1972;  32--33;

%Zansykbaev1973a
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zansykbaev,  A. A.;
Sharp estimates for the uniform approximation
	 of continuous periodic functions by $r$-th order splines;
\MaZ; 13; 1973;  807--816;

%Zansykbaev1974
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zansykbaev,  A. A.;
Approximation of certain classes of differentiable
	 periodic functions by interpolatory splines in a
	 uniform decomposition;
\MaZ; 15; 1974; 955--966;

%Zariski1971a
\rhl{Z}
\refB Zariski,  O.;
Algebraic Surfaces;
Springer-Verlag, 2nd supplemented edition (xxx);
1971;

%Zavialov1969
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Y.\ S.;
Interpolation with piecewise polynomial
	 functions in one and two variables;
Math.\ Probl.\  Geofiz.; 1; 1969;  125--141;

%Zavialov1970
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
An optimal property of bicubic spline functions and the
problem of smoothing (Russian);
Vycisl.\ Sistemy; 42; 1970; 109--158;

%Zavialov1970b
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
Interpolation with bicubic splines;
Vycisl.\ Sistemy; 38; 1970; 74--101;

%Zavialov1970c
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
Interpolation with cubic splines;
Vycisl.\ Sistemy; 38; 1970;  23--73;

%Zavialov1973
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
Interpolating $L-$splines in several variables;
\MaZ; 14; 1973; 11--20;

%Zavialov1974
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
L-spline functions of several variables;
Soviet Math.\ Dokl.; 15; 1974; 338--341;

%Zavialov1974b
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavialov,  Yu.\ S.;
Smoothing $L-$splines in several variables;
\MaZ; 15; 1974; 371--379;

%ZavialovKvasovMiroshnichenko1980
% .
\rhl{Z}
\refB Zavialov,  Yu.\ S., Kvasov, B. I., Miroshnichenko, V. L.;
Methods of Spline-Functions (Russian);
Nauka (Moscow); 1980;

%Zavjalov1970d
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zavjalov,  Yu.\ S.;
An optimal property of cubic spline functions
	 and the problem of smoothing;
Vycisl.\  Sistemy; 42; l970;  89--108;

%Zedek1985
% .
\rhl{Z}
\refD Zedek, F.;
Interpolation sur un domaine carr\'e par des splines quadratiques \`a deux
variables;
Th\'ese de Doctorat 3\'eme cycle, Universit\'e de Lille; 1985;

%Zedek1991
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refP Zedek, Fatma;
Lagrange interpolation by quadratic splines on a quadrilateral domain of
$\RR^2$;
\ChamonixI; 511--514;

%Zeifang1997
% larry 10sep99
\rhl{Z}
\rhl{Z}
\refP Zeifang, R.;
$G^2$ continuous G-splines: an interpolation property;
\ChamonixIIIa; 473--480;

%Zenisek1970
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ \v{Z}eni\v{s}ek,  A.;
Interpolation polynomials on the triangle;
\NM; 15; 1970; 283--296;

%Zenisek1973
% sonya 23may95
\rhl{Z}
\refJ \v{Z}eni\v{s}ek, Alexander;
Polynomial approximation on tetrahedrons in the finite element method;
\JAT; 7; 1973; 334--351;

%Zenisek1973b
% larry Lai-Schumaker book
\rhl{Zen73b}
\refQ \v{Z}eni\v{s}ek, Alexander;
Hermite interpolation on simplexes and the finite element method;
(Proc.~Equadiff  III, Brno), xxx (ed.), xxx (xxx); 1973; 271--277;

%Zenisek1974
\rhl{Z}
\refJ \v{Z}eni\v{s}ek,  A.;
A general theorem on triangular $C^m$ elements;
\RAN; 22; 1974; 119--127;

%ZettlerHuffmanLinden1990
\rhl{Z}
\refR Zettler,  W. R., Huffman, J., Linden, D. C. P.;
Application of compactly supported wavelets to image compression;
Aware, Inc., Cambridge; xxx;

%Zhan1994
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhan, Yinwei;
A geometric feature for finite element schemes;
\JATA; 10(2); 1994; 83--91;
% any angle of the macro-triangle in a $C^m$-interpolation scheme to
% $C^r$-vertex data must be divided into at least $(m+1)/(r+1-m)$ parts.

%Zhang1980
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhang,  J. J.;
A note on the bounds of second derivatives of
	 cubic splines (Chinese);
Math.\  Numer.\  Sinica; 2; 1980;  195--196;

%Zhang1983
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhang,  J. J.;
On some classes of interpolating splines;
J. Math.\  Res.\ Expo.; 1; 1983;  135--136;

%Zhang1989a
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhang,  Zuo Shun;
 A multivariate cardinal interpolation problem;
Chinese Annals of Mathematics.\ Series A;
10;
1989;
581--587;

%Zhang1989b
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhang,  Zuo Shun;
A further discussion on dual bases of bivariate box splines;
Chinese Journal of Numerical Mathematics and Applications;
11;
1989;
50--58;

%ZhangHQ1983
% .
\rhl{Z}
\refQ Zhang,  H. Q.;
The generalized patch and 9-parameter quasi-conforming element;
(Proc.\ China-France symposium on finite element methods), Feng Kang and J. L.
Lions (eds.), Science Press, Gordon and Breach (xxx); 1983; 566--583;
% nonconforming, FEM, multivariate, polynomial interpolation

%ZhangJWKnoll1998
% carlrefs 20nov03
\rhl{}
\refJ Zhang, Janwei, Knoll, Alois;
Constructing fuzzy controllers with B-spline models -- principles and
   applications;
Intern.\ J. Intel.\ Systems; 13; 1998; 257--285;

%ZhangSL1988
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhang,  Shu-Ling;
The relationship between box splines and multivariate truncated power functions;
J.\ Northwest-Univ.\ (J. Northwest-Univ.\ Natural Sciences (Xibei Daxue Xuebao.
Ziran Kexue Ban); 18; 1988; 55--57;

%Zhanlav1981
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhanlav,  T.;
Representation of interpolating cubic splines
	 by B-splines (Russian);
Vycisl.\  Systemi; 87; 1981;  3--10;

%ZhaoCMohr1994
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refP Zhao, C., Mohr, Roger;
gB-spline patches for surface reconstruction in computer vision;
\ChamonixIIb; 521--528;

%ZhaoJP1982
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao,  J. P.;
The multibody spline function I (Chinese);
Acta Math.\  Appl.\  Sinica; 3; 1982;  225--233;

%ZhaoK1992
% author
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao,  Kang;
Global linear independence and finitely supported dual basis;
\SJMA; 23; 1992; 1352--1355;

%ZhaoK1993
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao,  Kang;
Best interpolation with convex constraints;
\JAT; 73(2); 1993; 119--135;

%ZhaoK1994
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao, Kang;
Density of dilates of a shift-invariant subspace;
\JMAA; 184(3); 1994; 517--532;

%ZhaoK1995
% carl 23may95
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao, Kang;
Simultaneous approximation from PSI spaces;
\JAT; 81(2); 1995; 166--184;

%ZhaoK1996a
% carl  19may96
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao, Kang;
Simultaneous approximation and quasi-interpolants;
\JAT; 85(2); 1996; 201--217;

%ZhaoK1996b
% carl 6aug96
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao, Kang;
Approximation from locally finite-dimensional shift-invariant spaces;
\PAMS; 124(6); 1996; 1857--1867;

%ZhaoKSunJ1988
% greg
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhao, Kang, Sun, J.;
Dual bases of multivariate Bernstein-B\'ezier polynomials;
\CAGD; 5; 1988; 119--125;

%Zheludev1983
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev,  V. A.;
Asymptotic formulas for local spline approximation on a uniform mesh;
Soviet Math.\ Dokl.; 27; 1983; 415--419;
% Dokl.\  Akad.\  Nauk.\  SSSR: 269: 1983:  797--802:

%Zheludev1985
% author 23jun03
\rhl{}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Local quasi-interpolating splines and Fourier transforms;
Sov.\ Math.\ Doklady; 31; 1985; 573--577;

%Zheludev1987
% author 23jun03
\rhl{}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Local spline approximation on a uniform grid;
Comp.\ Math.\ Math.\ Phys.; 27; 1987; 8--19;

%Zheludev1990a
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
An operational calculus connected with periodic splines;
Soviet Math.\ Dokl.; 42; 1990; 162--167;

%Zheludev1990b
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Representation of the approximational error term and sharp estimates for
some local splines;
\MaZ; 48; 1990; 54--65;

%Zheludev1990c
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Spline-operational calculus and inverse problem for heat equations;
Colloquia Math.\ Soc.\ J\'anos Bolyai; xx; 1990; 763--783;

%Zheludev1991
% author 23jun03
\rhl{}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Local smoothing splines with a regularizing parameter;
Comp.\ Math.\ Math.\ Phys.; 31; 1991; 11--25;

%Zheludev1992a
% carl 04mar10
\rhl{Z} 
\refJ Zheludev, Valery A.;
Local splines of defect 1 on a uniform mesh;
Siberian J. Comput.\ Math.; 1(2); 1992; 123--156;

%Zheludev1992b
% carl 04mar10
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Spline-operational calculus and numerical solution of convolution-type
   integral equations of the first kind;
Differentsial'nye Uravneniya; 28(2); 1992; 316--329;
% Plenum Press translation evailable
% Colloquia Math.\ Soc.\ J\'anos Bolyai; xx; 1990; 763--783;

%Zheludev1994
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, V. A.;
Wavelets based on periodic splines;
Soviet Math.\ Dokl.; xx; 1994; xx--xx;

%Zheludev1998
% carl 24mar99
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zheludev, Valery A.;
Integral representation of slowly growing equidistant splines;
\ATA; 14(4); 1998; 66--88;
% cardinal splines, univariate, Fourier-like

%ZhengJJ1993
% larry 2/03 Lai-Schumaker book
\rhl{Zhe93}
\refJ Zheng, J. J.;
The convexity of parametric B\'ezier triangular patches of degree 2;
\CAGD; 10; 1993; 521--530;

%Zhensykbaev1973a
% author 5dec96
\rhl{Z}
\refD Zhensykbaev, A. A.;
Some questions of spline approximation in function spaces;
Thesis, Dnepropetrovsk; 1973;

%Zhensykbaev1973b
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhensykbaev, A. A.;
Exact bounds for the uniform approximation of continuous periodic functions by
$r$th order splines;
Math.\ Notes; 13(2); 1973; 130--136;
% tight arguments, based on little more than the fact that a p-periodic
% cardinal spline cannot have more than $\floor{p/2}$ sign changes per period

%Zhensykbaev1989a
% hat
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhensykbaev, A. A.;
The fundamental theorem of algebra for monosplines with multiple nodes;
\JAT; 56(2); 1989; 121--133;

%Zhensykbaev1993a
% author 5dec96
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhensykbaev, A. A.;
Spline approximation and optimal recovery of operators (in Russian);
\MS; 184(12); 1993; 3--22;

%Zhou1990a
% greg, juettler
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou,  C.-Z.;
On the convexity of parametric B\'ezier triangular surfaces;
\CAGD; 7; 1990; 459--463;

%Zhou1994
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou,  S. P.;
Simultaneous Lagrange interpolating approximation need not always be
convergent;
\CA; 10(1); 1994; 87--93;

%Zhou1995
% . 03dec99
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou, D. X.;
On smoothness characterized by Bernstein type operators;
\JAT; 81(3); 1995; 303--315;

%Zhou1996a
% hogan 5dec96
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou, Ding-Xuan;
Stability of refinable functions, multiresolution analysis, and Haar bases;
\SJMA; 27(3); 1996; 891--904;

%ZhouChangHe1984
% author 20jun97
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou,  Y. S., Chang, Y. T., He, Tian-Xiao;
On multivariate interpolations;
Engineering Mathematics; 1; 1984; 12--16;
%  bivariate k-th degree polynomial interpolation is correct if the pointset
% can be partitioned in such a way that the i-th part lies on a straight line
% not through any of the other points. i.e., like Chung-Yao.

%ZhouJetter1993
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refR Zhou,  Ding-Xuan, Jetter, K.;
Characterization of correctness of cardinal interpolation with shifted
three-directional box splines;
ms; 1993;

%ZhouLuXYaoWWangL1987
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhou,  R., Lu, X., Yao, W., Wang, L.;
A three dimensional CAD system based on multiple knot nonuniform B-spline 
method;
Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute; 1; 1987; 148--160;

%Zhu1984
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhu,  An-Min;
Multivariate spline functions;
Tongji-Daxue-Xuebao (Tongji Daxue Xuebao.\ Journal of Tongji University); xx;
1984; 14--26;

%ZhukNatanson1983
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zhuk, V. V., Natanson, G. I.;
The inverse theorems of the constructive
	 theory of functions for periodic equidistant
	 splines (Russian);
Vestnik Leningradsk.\  Univ.; 7; 1983;  11--16;

%Ziegler1995
% larry  Lai-Schumaker book
\rhl{Zie95}
\refB Ziegler, G. M.;
Lectures on Polytopes;
Springer-Verlag (Berlin);  1995;

%Zielke1985
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zielke, R.;
Relative differentiability and integral representation of a 
class of weak Markov systems;
\JAT; 44; 1985; 30--42;

%Zimmermann2001
% shayne 21jan02
\rhl{}
\refQ Zimmermann, G.;
Normalized tight frames in finite dimensions ;
(Recent Progress in Multivariate Approximation, ISNM 137), W. Haussmann and
K. Jetter (eds.),
Birkh\"auser (Basel); 2001; 249--252;

%ZingerKirichuk1981
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zinger,  V. Ye., Kirichuk, V. V.;
Application of the multiquadric
method of approximating irregular surfaces;
Geodeziya Kartografiya i Aerofotos Yemka; 34; 1981; 29--34;

%Zlamal1968
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zl\'amal, Milo\v s;
On the finite element method;
\NM; 12; 1968; 394--409;

%Zlamal1970
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zl\'amal, Milo\v s;
A finite element procedure of the second order of accuracy;
\NM; 14; 1970; 394--402;

%Zlamal1973
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zl\'amal,  Milo\v{s};
Curved elements in the finite element method. I;
\SJNA; 10; 1973; 229--240;

%Zlamal1973b
% carl
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zl\'amal,  Milo\v{s};
Curved elements in the finite element method. II;
\SJNA; 11; 1973; 347--362;

%Zmatrakov1975a
% .
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zmatrakov,  N. L.;
??? (Russian);
Trudy Steklov Institute, Akad.\ Nauk SSSR; 138; 1975; 71--93;

%Zmatrakov1977
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zmatrakov,  N. L.;
Uniform convergence of the third derivatives of interpolating
cubic splines (Russian);
Vycisl.\  Sistemy; 72; 1977;  10--29;

%Zmatrakov1977b
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zmatrakov,  N. L.;
Convergence of an interpolation process for parabolic and cubic splines;
Proc.\ Steklov.\ Inst.\ Math.; 138; 1977; 75--99;

%Zmatrakov1982
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zmatrakov,  N. L.;
Divergence of the third derivatives in
	 interpolating cubic in $L_p$-metrices;
\MaZ; 31; 1982;  707--722;

%ZmatrakovSubbotin1983
% aleksei 22may98
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zmatrakov, N. L., Subbotin, Yu. N.; 
Multiple interpolating splines 
   of degree $2k+1$ with deficiency $k+1$;
Trudy MIAN; 164; 1983;  xxx--xxx;
% Engl.transl.: Proceedings of Steklov's Institute, ??? 
% includes exact bounds on the local mesh ratio to give boundedness of the
% various projectors in $L_p$, including the ortho-projector.

%Zo1987
\rhl{Z}
\refP Z\'o,  F.;
On inequalities arising from best local approximations in rectangles;
\Chile; 265--273;

%Zo1999
\rhl{Z}
\refR Zo, F.;
Best local approximation on rectangles;
xxx; xxx;

%Zobin1995
% waldron 07may96
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zobin, N.;
Whitney's problem: extendability of functions and intrinsic metric;
\CRASP; 320; 1995; 781--786;
% Whitney's extension theorem

%Zong1996
% shayne 26aug98
\rhl{Z}
\refB Zong, Chuanming;
Strange phenomena in convex and discrete geometry;
Springer-Verlag (New York); 1996;

%Zorin1997
% . 26aug98
\rhl{Z}
\refD Zorin, D.;
Subdivision and multiresolution surface representations;
Caltech; 1997;
% careful handling of questions of continuity, including the right topology
% on the domain. Similar to %Reif98

%Zorin2000
% . 26aug98 2dec02
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zorin, D.;
Smoothness of stationary subdivision on irregular meshes;
% Technical Report, Stanford U.: 1998:
\CA; 16; 2000; 359--398;

%Zwart1973
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwart,  P. B.;
Multivariate splines with non-degenerate partitions;
\SJNA; 10; 1973; 665--673;

%Zwick1984
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwick, D.;
Some hereditary properties of WT-systems;
\JAT; 41; 1984; 114--134;

%Zwick1985
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwick, D.;
The generalized convexity cone of splines with multiple knots;
\NFAO; 8; 1985-86; 245--260;

%Zwick1987
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwick, D.;
Strong uniqueness of best spline approximation for a class of 
piecewise $n$-convex functions;
\NFAO; 9; 1987; 371--379;

%Zwick1987b
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwick, D.;
Best approximation by convex functions;
\AMMo; 94; 1987; 528--534;

%Zwick1999b
\rhl{Z}
\refR Zwick, D.;
Extension of positive linear functionals: application to shape 
preserving interpolation;
Univ.\ Vermont; xx;

%Zwick1999c
% larry
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zwick, D.;
Characterizing shape preserving $L_1$-approximation;
\PAMS; 103; 1988; 1139--1146;

%Zygmund1959
\rhl{Z}
\refB Zygmund,  A.;
Trigonometric Series; 
Vol.\ I, 2nd ed.,  Cambridge University Press (Cambridge); 1959;

%Zygmunt1999
% carl 24mar99
\rhl{Z}
\refJ Zygmunt, M. J.;
Recurrence formula for polynomials of two variables,
   orthogonal with respect to rotation invariant measures;
\CA; 15; 1999; 301--309;