verification . please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed . december 2013 learn how and when to remove this template message kronos incorporated type private founded october 31 1977 1977 10 31 founder mark s. ain headquarters chelmsford massachusetts united states number of employees 5 000 2016 parent hellman & friedman website kronos.com kronos incorporated is a u.s. based multi national workforce management software and services company headquartered in chelmsford massachusetts united states and employing more than 5 000 people worldwide . 1 contents 1 history 2 acquisitions 3 litigation with eeoc 4 references 5 external links history edit kronos incorporated corporate headquarters in chelmsford ma usa . kronos was founded in 1977 by massachusetts institute of technology mit alumnus mark s. ain . 2 under mark ain s leadership kronos sustained one of the longest records of growth and profitability as a public company in software industry history . 3 ain s brother aron ain 4 succeeded him as chief executive officer in 2005 with mark ain becoming executive chairman of the board of directors . 5 originally a manufacturer of time clocks the majority of kronos revenue is now derived from software and services . the company provides cloud applications 6 for workforce management and human capital management as well as consulting education and support services to its customers . in march 2007 kronos was bought out for us 1.74 billion by the lead investor hellman & friedman and the secondary investor jmi equity . 7 in 2014 private equity firms blackstone and gic invested in kronos alongside hellman & friedman and jmi equity . in the transaction kronos was valued at 4.5 billion . kronos was founded on october 31 1977 delivered the world s first microprocessor based time clock in 1979 kronos became a publicly traded company in 1992 nasdaq and went private again in 2007 7 delivered its first pc based time and attendance product in 1985 under mark ain s leadership kronos sustained one of the longest records of growth and profitability as a public company in software industry history second only to microsoft 3 5 7 kronos hit major milestone and achieved 1 billion in annual revenue in 2014 . acquisitions edit kronos has conducted more than 60 acquisitions some of the most notable including ad opt technologies 8 principal decision systems international pdsi 9 simplexgrinnell 10 stromberg 11 3i systems 12 saashr.com 13 unicru inc. 14 smart computer holdings and its spanish affiliate smart human logistics 15 time link international corporation timelink 16 empower software solutions 17 litigation with eeoc edit the third circuit court of appeals enforced a subpoena seeking production of documents by kronos inc. in an administrative charge before the eeoc alleging disability discrimination . the charge was brought by an individual job applicant against kroger food co. who did not hire the job applicant and used a kronos assessment as part of its hiring process . eeoc v. kronos incorporated civ . act . no. 11 2834 september 14 2012 third circuit . 18 kronos which was not a party to the litigation objected to the eeoc s subpoena on the basis that the information requested was irrelevant and production would require kronos to disclose protected trade secret information . while the district court sustained nearly all of these objections the third circuit found that the district court had abused its discretion in limiting the scope of the subpoena to documents pertaining to certain of the assessment tests . this kronos assessment among other things measures five personality attributes that collectively constitute the five factor model conscientiousness ; agreeableness ; extroversion ; openness ; and neuroticism . 19 the five factor model is a dimensional model of personality . a dimension refers to a continuum on which an individual can have various levels of a characteristic in contrast to the dichotomous categorical approach in which an individual does or does not possess a characteristic . in the dimensional models of personality disorders personality disorders are classified according to which characteristics are expressed at which levels . this stands in contrast to the traditional categorical models of classification which are based on the boolean presence or absence of symptoms and do not take into account levels of expression of a characteristic or its underlying dimension . citation needed when using selection tests or when contracting with others to administer such tests employers need to make sure of three things in particular first the tests must have been properly validated for the specific positions and purposes to be used meaning the test or other selection device must be job related and its results appropriate for the employer s purpose . second the tests must be administered without regard to race color national origin sex religion age disability or any other protected characteristic . third the tests must be routinely reviewed to be sure that they continue to be non discriminatory as applied and from an adverse impact standpoint . 20 kronos contends that its assessments are compliant with all applicable requirements . references edit kronos employees say culture vision and innovation drive outstanding engagement kronos corporate governance executive leadership biographies a b http www.capehornstrategies.com kronos3.pdf aron ain of kronos the incalculable value of a good boss . the new york times . a b kronos r announces executive succession plan ; mark ain to become executive chairman ; aron ain to become chief executive officer ; paul lacy to become president . business wire . 14 september 2005 . https www.appsruntheworld.com cloud top 500 applications vendors kronos inc a b c today in business buyout deal for kronos kronos acquires ad opt for 68 200 000 or http www.kronos.com pr kronos acquires public safety scheduling leader pdsi and its telestaff product.aspx venture beat kronos acquires australian workforce solutions business of simplex international pty. ltd. in completion of 2001 transaction kronos acquires stromberg from paychex from kronos boston business journal kronos acquires 3i systems market watch kronos acquires smb workforce management leader saashr.com http www.businesswire.com news home 20060713005320 en kronos announces agreement acquire unicru combination workforce kronos expands global reach with smart acquisition . healthcare finance news . retrieved 2016 03 24 . kronos extends workforce management market leadership with acquisition of timelink . 2013 08 20 . kronos acquires empower software solutions . yahoo finance . retrieved 2016 03 24 . http www.ca3.uscourts.gov opinarch 112834p.pdf http economics.mit.edu files 599 http www.employmentlawwatch.com 2012 10 articles employment us third circuit enforces eeoc subpoena seeking testmakers files on employee selection tests used by employer utm source feedburner & utm medium feed & utm campaign feed % 3a employmentlawwatch % 28employment law watch % 29 more 253251 external links edit kronos inc official web site retrieved from https en.wikipedia.org w index.php title kronos incorporated & oldid 742523788 categories business software companiescompanies based in massachusettscompanies established in 1977multinational companies headquartered in the united statesprivately held companies based in massachusettschelmsford massachusettshidden categories articles needing additional references from december 2013all articles needing additional referencesall articles with unsourced statementsarticles with unsourced statements from december 2013 navigation menu personal tools not logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog in namespaces article talk variants views read edit view history more search navigation main pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia store interaction helpabout wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact page tools what links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this page print export create a bookdownload as pdfprintable version languages add links this page was last modified on 4 october 2016 at 06 19 . text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license ; 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