may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in german . october 2010 click show for important translation instructions . view a machine translated version of the german article . google s machine translation is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the english wikipedia . do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality . if possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article . after translating translated de schlaich bergermann und partner must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance . for more guidance see wikipedia translation . logo schlaich bergermann und partner is a national and internationally active structural engineering and consulting firm with headquarters in stuttgart germany and branch offices in berlin new york city s o paulo shanghai and paris . contents 1 history 2 work 3 realized projects 4 utilized structural elements and materials 4.1 gridshells 4.2 cable net facades 4.3 cable net roofs 4.4 membrane roofs 4.5 circular ring beams 4.6 cast steel 5 literature 6 external links history edit the firm was founded in 1980 by j rg schlaich and rudolf bergermann . they both worked as engineers for the engineering firm of leonhard und andr in stuttgart in the 1960s and 1970s . they were responsible for the design of the canopy roof structure of the 1972 olympic grounds in munich which was viewed as an aesthetic and structural sensation at the time . since 2002 knut g ppert andreas keil sven plieninger and mike schlaich are leading the firm . the firm has achieved national as well as international renown and recognition through the design of light minimal and innovative structures that combine well thought out structural design with architectural aesthetics . work edit the main focuses of the office are the conception planning and supervision of construction work for portions of structural engineering projects such as membrane glass roof and facade structures bridges and cable structures towers high rise buildings and exhibition halls . also included is peer reviewing for structural integrity and structural analysis . the firm also has its own department for the development of technologies of solar power generation and employs consulting engineers for renewable energies . the development and construction of a prototype solar up draft power plant in manzanares spain was achieved by the solar division of the office in 1982 . likewise the dish stirling modules for decentralized energy generation have been developed since the beginning of the 1980s . since 2000 the firm has taken part in the planning and construction of parabolic trough power plants . this technology along with the structures developed by sbp are currently being employed in a multitude of power plants around the world . a significant point in the history of the firm is the vidyasagar setu commonly known as the second hoogly bridge in calcutta india . local requirements for the construction of the bridge stipulated the utilization of local not weldable steel that was then installed by local manpower with much manual labor . thus huge cross sections including the pylon heads were assembled using millions of rivets and thick plates . for the soccer world cup in germany 2006 the commerzbank arena frankfurt am main had to be renovated into a new large scale sports arena . this necessitated the construction of a mobile roof structure that could be closed across the playing field . in 2004 a new roof with an opening along the longitudinal axis was completed for the olympic stadium in berlin germany as well as a new roof for the newly renovated rhein energie stadium in cologne germany . the soccer world cup 2010 in south africa cape town durban port elisabeth johannesburg as well as the soccer world cup 2014 in brazil have also contributed to the firm s growing resume of sport stadiums . realized projects edit vidyasagar setu or second hooghly bridge calcutta india construction period 1979 1992 exhibition tower in leipzig germany 1995 hoern bridge in kiel germany 1997 ting kau bridge in hong kong 1998 buckel bridge in duisburg germany 1999 schlaich tower in weil am rhein germany 1999 killesberg tower in stuttgart germany 2001 humboldthafen bridge in berlin germany 2002 cantilevered roof with membrane and glass cladding olympic stadium in berlin germany 2004 roof rheinenergiestadium in cologne 2004 membrane roof with convertible membrane inner roof commerzbank arena in frankfurt am main germany 2005 central bus station in hamburg germany 2006 awarded the outstanding structure award of the iabse structural design of the roof of the nelson mandela bay stadium in port elizabeth south africa mai 2009 roof structure of the renovation of the fnb stadium in johannesburg south africa 2009 new roof over bc place in vancouver canada 2008 2010 tensile roof structure at milk market limerick ireland 2009 2010 roof structure of the national stadium in warschau poland 2009 2012 spire for one world trade center in new york city 2013 utilized structural elements and materials edit the firm has participated in a multitude of technical innovations for various projects . gridshells edit hamburg museum s courtyard the light transparent roof over the hamburg museum s courtyard bears on the building s structure as little as possible . for this gridshell structure the common kitchen sieve was the inspiration its quadratic mesh grid can be transformed into any desired geometry by altering the mesh grid into a rhombus shape . in combination with a diagonal cable net the grid transforms into an ideal shell . clad with glass panes the result is a lightweight transparent roof . the glass panes lie directly on the grid beams thereby merging the load bearing structure and glass planes . this serves to eliminate the typically necessary secondary structure . the first application of this concept was the hamburg museum which has now been applied adapted and further developed to suit a multitude of existing interior courtyards train stations and new construction projects hippo house of the berlin zoo germany german historic museum in berlin dz bank berlin palacio de communications madrid and exhibition centre milan . cable net facades edit hilton munich airport for a facade of nearly seamless transparency parallel cable assemblies span horizontally and vertically in between the sides of the building volumes as well as in between the roof girders and floor of the kempinski hotel at the munich airport . the cable net facade is comparable to a tennis racket . depending on the degree of pre tensioning and arrangement of the cable assemblies a multitude of variations of this structural principle are possible and have been realized the roof over the roman baths in badenweiler germany ; cyts peking ; main train station in berlin germany ; foreign relations office in berlin germany ; and the time warner center at columbus circle in new york city . cable net roofs edit mercedes benz arena interior panorama the cable net roof is the transformation of the primarily single plane loading of the spoked wheel to vertical load transfer . it combines the characteristics of cable and membrane structures in between closed self anchored tension and compression rings exists a wide meshed primary load bearing structure of cables with a secondary membrane structure tensioned in between . one of the first modern cable net roofs is the mercedes benz arena in stuttgart . further examples of this principle are some of the many soccer stadiums worldwide such as in berlin frankfurt am main cologne warschau kapstadt durban port elizabeth and johannesburg . membrane roofs edit most of the cable net roofs are clad with a textile membrane . textiles allow for lightweight transparent roofs and facades that fascinate through their variegated and unusual forms . due to their negligible weight and inherent foldability textiles are predestined for convertible roofs . one of the first permanently moveable membrane roofs was the one across the bullfighting arena in saragossa spain which can be closed and opened like a flower within minutes . this same principle was also applied to the largest cabriolet of the world the roof across the commerzbank arena in frankfurt . the only things lighter are structures made of air the pneumatic pillows of the arenas n mes and madrid change seasonally within a couple of days or depending on the weather within a few minutes . for the new roof over bc place in vancouver the principle of foldable membrane roofs was adapted for the first time with pneumatic pillows which are inflated and deflated during the folding process . circular ring beams edit kelheim bridge across the main danube canal uses a one sided suspension bridge architecture at the time of its erection the bent plan view form of the kelheim bridge across the main danube canal caused quite a stir it was the first one sided suspension bridge . meanwhile the engineers of schlaich bergermann & partner have varied this principle of the circular ring beam many times for projects such as the pedestrian bridge in bochum ; across the gahlensche street in gelsenkirchen ; the balcony to the ocean in sassnitz ; and the liberty bridge in greenville south carolina usa . for the zob hamburg this principle was applied to the roof structure . cast steel edit nesenbachtal bridge stuttgart uses cast steel structural elements the engineers were a part of the renaissance of cast steel for structural engineering . during the construction of the cable net roofs for the olympic games in munich this rediscovery made the construction feasible and allowed for the timely completion of the project . the cast steel allows for the production of geometrically complicated pipe nodes and an optimal alignment to the load distribution . nowadays dynamically curved cast steel nodes are used for street bridges nesenbachtal bridge stuttgart and railroad bridges humboldthafen bridge berlin as well as for high rise buildings exhibition hall 13 hannover . literature edit holgate alan the art of structural engineering edition axel menges stuttgart germany isbn 3930698676 1997 schlaich j rg ; matthias sch ller ; ingenieurkammer baden w rttemberg ingenieurbauf hrer baden w rttemberg bauwerk verlag 1999 b gle annette ; schmal peter cachola ; flagge ingeborg leicht weit light structures prestel verlag m nchen germany isbn 3791329189 2004 baus ursula ; schlaich mike fu g ngerbr cken konstruktion gestalt geschichte birkh user verlag isbn 9783764381387 2007 schlaich j rg ; bergermann rudolf ; schiel wolfgang ; weinrebe gerhard the solar updraft tower bauwerk verlag jaeger falk 3 stadia 2010 architektur f r einen afrikanischen traum jovis verlag berlin deutschland isbn 9783868590630 2010 schlaich j rg gut genietet ist besser als schlecht geschwei t. sozialer br ckenbau die second hooghly bridge in kalkutta in deutsche bauzeitung dbz 8 2010 s. 20f . jaeger falk next 3 stadia 2012 jovis verlag berlin deutschland isbn 9783868591545 2012 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to schlaich bergermann und partner . schlaich bergermann & partner at the archinform database . website authority control worldcat identities viaf 132992014 gnd 5143365 5 sudoc 159850657 retrieved from https en.wikipedia.org w index.php title schlaich bergermann % 26 partner & oldid 723544414 categories engineering companies of germanyconstruction and civil engineering companies of germanycompanies based in stuttgart1980 establishments in west germanycompanies established in 1980hidden categories articles to be expanded from october 2010all articles to be expandedarticles needing translation from german wikipediacommons category with local link same as on wikidatawikipedia articles with viaf 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