the itv network across the united kingdom . for the television channel operating in england wales southern scotland the isle of man and the channel islands see itv tv channel . for the channel s owner see itv plc. itv launched 22 september 1955 ; 61 years ago 1955 09 22 owned by itv network limited jv owned by itv plc and stv group plc audience share itv network 13.27 % 0.86 % 1 2.67 % hd november 2015 2015 11 barb country united kingdom affiliates stv as non itv plc franchise headquarters london website www.itv.com www.stv.tv itv is a commercial tv network in the united kingdom . launched in 1955 as independent television under the auspices of the independent television authority ita then after the sound broadcasting act 1972 independent broadcasting authority now ofcom to provide competition to the long established bbc 1 it is also the oldest commercial network in the uk . since the passing of the broadcasting act 1990 its legal name has been channel 3 to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time namely bbc 1 bbc 2 and channel 4 . in part the number 3 was assigned as television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional itv station would be on the third button with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . itv is a network of television channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network . in recent years several of these companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies . the itv network is to be distinguished from itv plc the company that resulted from the merger of granada plc and carlton communications in 2004 and which holds the channel 3 broadcasting licences in england wales southern scotland the isle of man the channel islands and northern ireland . with the exception of northern ireland the itv brand is the brand used by itv plc for the channel 3 service in these areas . in northern ireland itv plc uses the brand name utv . stv group plc uses the stv brand for its two franchises of central and northern scotland . contents 1 history 2 organisation other networks 2.1 itv plc 2.2 stv group 3 current licensees 4 programming 4.1 national and international news 4.2 breakfast 4.3 regional news 4.3.1 current regions 4.3.2 former programmes 4.4 weather 4.5 sport 4.6 children s programming 4.7 teletext provider 4.8 schools programming 5 availability outside the uk 6 criticism 7 logo gallery 8 see also 9 notes 10 references 11 external links 11.1 parent companies history edit main article history of itv the london studios near waterloo was originally the base for the itv london weekend contractor lwt but is now itv s main london headquarters . granada studios was the oldest tv studios in the uk having been built in 1954 to house the broadcaster of the same name . the studios were closed in june 2013 . granada is the only franchise to remain an itv contractor since creation in 1954 . the origins of itv lie in the passing of the television act 1954 designed to break the monopoly on television held by the bbc television service . 1 the act created the independent television authority ita then iba after the sound broadcasting act to heavily regulate the industry and to award franchises . the first six franchises were awarded in 1954 for london the midlands and the north of england with separate franchises for weekdays and weekends . 1 the first itv network to launch was london s associated rediffusion on 22 september 1955 2 with the midlands and north services launching in february 1956 and may 1956 respectively . following these launches the ita awarded more franchises until the whole country was covered by fourteen regional stations all launched by 1962 . the network has been modified several times through franchise reviews that have taken place in 1963 3 1967 4 1974 5 1980 6 7 and 1991 8 during which broadcast regions have changed and service operators have been replaced . only one service operator has ever been declared bankrupt wwn in 1963 9 with all other operators leaving the network as a result of a franchise review . separate weekend franchises were removed with the exception of london in 1968 3 and over the years more services were added including a teletext service and a national breakfast franchise operating between 6 00 am and 9 25 am in 1983 . 6 the broadcasting act 1990 changed the nature of itv ; the then regulator the iba was replaced with a light touch regulator the itc companies now able to purchase other itv regional companies 10 and franchises were now being awarded based upon a highest bidder auction with few safeguards in place . 8 this heavily criticised part of the review saw four operators replaced and the operators facing different annual payments to the treasury central television for example paid only 2000 despite holding a lucrative and large region because they were unopposed while yorkshire television paid 37.7 million for a region of the same size and status due to heavy competition . 8 11 following the 1993 changes itv as a network began to consolidate with several companies doing so to save money by ceasing the duplication of services present when they were all separate companies . by 2004 itv was owned by five companies of which two carlton and granada had become major players by owning between the two all the franchises in england wales the scottish borders and the isle of man . 12 13 14 that same year the two merged to form itv plc 12 13 14 with the only subsequent acquisitions being the takeover of channel television the channel islands franchise in 2011 . 15 and utv the franchise for northern ireland in 2015 . organisation other networks edit itv itv plc utv itv plc stv stv group the logos of the three itv brands . the itv network is not owned or operated by one company but rather by a series of licensees that provide a regional service while also broadcasting programmes across the network . since 2016 the fifteen licences are held by two companies with the majority held by itv broadcasting limited part of itv plc. the network is regulated by the media regulator ofcom who is responsible for awarding the broadcast licences . the last major review of the channel 3 franchises was in 1991 with all operators licences having been renewed between 1999 and 2002 and again from 2014 without a further contest . while this has been the longest period that the itv network has gone without a major review of its licence holders ofcom announced following consultation that it would split the wales and west licence from 1 january 2014 creating a national licence for wales and joining the newly separated west region to westcountry television to form a new licence for the enlarged south west of england region . all companies holding a licence were part of the non profit body itv network limited which commissioned and scheduled network programming with compliance previously handled by itv plc and channel television . however due to amalgamation of several of these companies since the creation of itv network limited and given channel television is now owned by itv plc it has been replaced by an affiliation system . 16 approved by ofcom this results in itv plc commissioning and funding the network schedule with stv and utv paying a fee to broadcast it . 16 all licensees have the right to opt out of network programming except for the national news bulletins however many do not due to pressures from the parent company or because of limited resources . 16 prior to the affiliate system being introduced stv would frequently and sometimes controversially opt out of several popular network programmes such as the original run of the first series of downton abbey citing the need to provide more scottish content to its viewers . 17 as a public service broadcaster the itv network is obliged to broadcast programming of public importance including news current affairs children s and religious programming as well as party election broadcasts on behalf of the major political parties and political events such as the budget . the network also needs to produce accessible output containing subtitles signing and audio description . in exchange for this programming the itv network is available on all platforms free to air and can be found at the top of the epg of all providers . since the launch of the platform in 1998 all of the itv licensees have received gifted capacity on the digital terrestrial television platform . at present the companies are able to broadcast additional channels and all choose to broadcast the itv plc owned itv2 itv3 itv4 and citv in their region . utv and stv formerly scottish television and grampian television previously broadcast their own services utv2 in northern ireland and s2 in central and northern scotland until 2002 when they adopted the itv plc channels . the broadcasters all make use of the digital 3 & 4 multiplex shared with channel 4 . itv encore launched on june 2014 and itvbe launched in october 2014 . itv plc edit main article itv plc the leeds studios used by itv yorkshire . each itv region originally had its own studios however the rise of publisher broadcasters like carlton television and the takeover of regions caused several studios to be closed . itv plc owns thirteen of the fifteen franchises and broadcasts to england wales southern scotland the isle of man the channel islands and northern ireland through its subsidiary companies itv broadcasting limited channel television limited and utv limited 15 the company also owns the breakfast contractor 18 that broadcasts across the network between 6 00 and 9 25am each morning using the good morning britain previously daybreak and lorraine names . the company broadcasts a centralised service under the itv brand . in northern ireland itv uses the utv brand name . itv also owns utv ireland utv s sister channel in the republic of ireland . the group also owns itv studios the production arm of the company and formed from an amalgamation of all the production departments of the regional licences they own . the company produces a large proportion of itv s networked programming around 47 % but previously as high as 66 % according to some reports 19 with the rest coming primarily from independent suppliers under the broadcasting act 1990 at least 25 % of itv s total output must be from independent companies . 20 itv plc hope to increase the amount of in house programming to as close to the 75 % limit as possible . the group has recently cut the number of regional news programmes offered from 17 in 2007 to 9 by 2009 resulting several regions being merged to form one programme including the border television and tyne tees television regions the westcountry television and west regions and the removal of sub regional programming with some regions only represented by pre recorded segments . 21 stv group edit main article stv group scotland stv group plc owns two franchises covering central and northern scotland through subsidiary companies stv central and stv north broadcasting a central service under the stv brand . the company has had several disputes with itv plc in recent years over network programming . stv aims to broadcast more scottish programmes at peak times and so removed several key itv plc programmes from their schedule in july 2009 including the bill midsomer murders and lewis . 22 despite stv s explanation of expense itv plc were angered by the decision as a recent schedule