cycles peugeot . peugeot s.a. motion & emotion . type subsidiary industry automotive founded 1810 as a coffee mill company 1830 as a bicycle manufacturer 1882 as a car manufacturer 1898 as a motorcycle company 1926 as a separate company founder armand peugeot headquarters legal and top level administrative ave de la grande arm e paris 1 operational sochaux france key people carlos tavares ceo jean pierre ploue head of design products cars luxury cars sports cars commercial vehicles production output 1 739 000 2 2009 net income 1 202 million 2015 3 number of employees 198 210 2010 psa peugeot citro n total 4 parent groupe psa 5 divisions peugeot motorcycles peugeot cycles peugeot sport website peugeot.com peugeot rcz won five years in a row the diesel car magazine sports car of the year 6 and the top gear 2010 coup of the year 7 peugeot us pu o ; uk p r o ; french pronunciation p o is a french car manufacturer part of groupe psa . 8 the family business that preceded the current peugeot company was founded in 1810 9 and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles . on 20 november 1858 mile peugeot applied for the lion trademark . armand peugeot built the company s first car an unreliable steam tricycle in collaboration with leon serpollet in 1889 ; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a panhard daimler engine . 10 due to family discord armand peugeot in 1896 founded the soci t des automobiles peugeot . the peugeot company and family are originally from sochaux france . peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and peugeot museum there . in february 2014 the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan in which dongfeng motors and the french government each bought a 14 % stake in the company . 11 12 13 peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles including four european car of the year awards . in 2013 and 2014 peugeot ranked the second lowest for average co2 emissions among generalist brands in europe the renault car maker group being ranked first with 114.9 g co2 km . 14 peugeot is known as a very reliable brand citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in africa and cuba in the 2010s where peugeot is called the lion . 15 peugeot has had an impressive history in motor sport for more than a century . peugeot sport won the world rally championship five times the intercontinental le mans cup twice 2010 2011 surpassing toyota and audi the world endurance championship twice 1992 1993 and the intercontinental rally challenge championship three times . during the last year peugeot sport has surpassed the record set in the ascent to pikes peak with the peugeot 208 t16 driven by s bastien loeb 16 and got a triple victory of the peugeot 208 gti in its class at the 24 hours n rburgring race . 17 in 2015 peugeot returned to the dakar rally after its four victories in the 1980s . 18 contents 1 history 1.1 early history 1.2 interwar years 1.3 after world war ii 1.4 takeover of citro n and chrysler europe 1.5 1980s and 1990s 1.6 2000s to present 2 factories 3 vehicles 3.1 awards 3.1.1 european car of the year 3.1.2 semperit irish car of the year award 3.1.3 car of the year award in italy 3.1.4 car of the year award in spain 3.2 numbers 3.3 others 3.4 electric and hybrid vehicles 4 motorsport 4.1 early 4.2 rallying 4.3 touring car racing 4.4 sports car racing 4.5 pike s peak hillclimb 4.6 formula one 5 concept cars 5.1 motorcycles 5.2 bicycles 6 peugeot avenue 7 see also 8 references 9 external links history edit early history edit the peugeot family of valentigney montb liard franche comt france began in the manufacturing business in the 19th century . in 1842 they added production of coffee pepper and salt grinders . 19 the company s entry into the vehicle market was by means of crinoline dresses which used steel rods leading to umbrella frames saw blades chisels wire wheels and bicycles . 20 armand peugeot introduced his le grand bi penny farthing in 1882 along with a range of other bicycles . the car company and bike company parted ways in 1926 but peugeot bicycles continued to be built until very recently . armand peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and after meeting with gottlieb daimler and others was convinced of its viability . the first peugeot automobile a three wheeled steam powered car designed by l on serpollet was produced in 1889 ; only four examples were made . 21 steam power was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times . in 1890 after meeting daimler and mile levassor steam was abandoned in favour of a four wheeled car with a petrol fuelled internal combustion engine built by panhard under daimler licence . the car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries with a three point suspension and a sliding gear transmission . 22 an example was sold to the young alberto santos dumont who exported it to brazil . 23 more cars followed 29 being built in 1892 40 in 1894 72 in 1895 156 in 1898 and 300 in 1899 . 21 these early models were given type numbers . peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber tyres solid rather than pneumatic to a petrol powered car . citation needed peugeot was an early pioneer in motor racing with albert lema tre winning the world s first motor race the paris rouen in a 3 hp peugeot . five peugeots qualified for the main event and all finished . lema tre finished 3 min 30 sec behind the comte de dion whose steam powered car was ineligible for the official competition . 24 three peugeots were entered in the paris bordeaux paris where they were beaten by panhard s car 25 despite an average speed of 20.8 km h 12.9 mph 26 and taking the 31 500 franc prize . 26 this also marked the debut of michelin pneumatic tyres in racing 27 also on a peugeot ; they proved insufficiently durable . 24 nevertheless the vehicles were still very much horseless carriages in appearance and were steered by a tiller . in 1896 the first peugeot engines were built ; no longer were they reliant on daimler . designed by rigoulot the first engine was an 8 hp 6.0 kw horizontal twin fitted to the back of the type 15 . 27 it also served as the basis of a nearly exact copy produced by rochet schneider . 27 further improvements followed the engine moved to the front on the type 48 and was soon under a bonnet at the front of the car instead of hidden underneath ; the steering wheel was adopted on the type 36 ; and they began to look more like the modern car . also in 1896 armand peugeot broke away from les fils de peugeot fr res to form his own company soci t anonyme des automobiles peugeot building a new factory at audincourt to focus entirely on cars . 27 in 1899 sales hit 300 ; total car sales for all of france that year were 1 200 . 27 the same year lema tre won the nice castellane nice rally in a special 5 850 cc 357 cu in 20 hp 14.9 kw racer . 27 at the 1901 paris salon peugeot debuted a tiny shaft driven 652 cc 40 cu in 5 hp 3.7 kw one cylinder dubbed b b baby and shed its conservative image becoming a style leader . 28 after placing 19th in the 1902 paris vienna rally with a 50 hp 37.3 kw 11 322 cc 691 cu in racer and failing to finish with two similar cars peugeot quit racing . 28 peugeot added motorcycles to its range in 1903 and they have been built under the peugeot name ever since . by 1903 peugeot produced half of the cars built in france and they offered the 5 hp 4 kw b b a 6.5 hp 4.8 kw four seater and an 8 hp 6.0 kw and 12 hp 8.9 kw resembling contemporary mercedes models . 28 the 1907 salon showed peugeot s first six cylinder and marked tony huber joining as engine builder . 28 by 1910 peugeot s product line included a 1 149 cc 70 cu in two cylinder and six four cylinders of between two and six liters . in addition a new factory opened the same year at sochaux which became the main plant in 1928 . 29 a more famous name ettore bugatti designed the new 850 cc 52 cu in four cylinder b b of 1912 . 28 the same year peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver engineers a breed typical of the pioneer period exemplified by enzo ferrari among others jules goux graduate of arts et metiers paris paolo zuccarelli formerly of hispano suiza and georges boillot collectively called les charlatans with 26 year old swiss engineer ernest henry to make their ideas reality . the company decided voiturette light car racing was not enough and chose to try grandes preuves grand touring . they did so with an engineering tour de force a dual overhead camshaft dohc 7.6 liter four cylinder 110x200 mm with four valves per cylinder . 30 it proved faster than other cars of its time and boillot won the 1912 french grand prix at an average of 68.45 mph 110.2 km h despite losing third gear and taking a 20 minute pit stop . 31 in may 1913 goux took one to indianapolis and won at an average of 75.92 mph 122.2 km h recording straightaway speeds of 93.5 mph 150.5 km h . 31 making peugeot the first non american based auto company to win at the indianapolis motor speedway . in 1914 boillot s 3 liter l5 set a new indy lap record of 99.5 mph 160.1 km h and duray placed second beaten by ex peugeot ace ren thomas in a 6 235 cc 380 cu in delage . 32 another driven by boillot s brother andr placed in 1915 ; similar models won in 1916 dario resta and 1919 howdy wilcox . for the 1913 french grand prix an improved l5 with 5 655 cc 345 cu in engine was produced with a pioneering ballbearing crankshaft gear driven camshafts and dry sump lubrication all of which soon became standard on racing cars ; zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads 31 but boillot easily won the event making him and peugeot the race s first double winner . 32 for the 1914 french gp peugeot was overmatched by mercedes and despite a new innovation four wheel brakes against the mercedes rear only georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down . 32 surprisingly a 1914 model turned a 103 mph 165.8 km h lap in practice at indy in 1949 yet it failed to qualify . 33 peugeot was more fortunate in 1915 winning at the french gp and vanderbilt cup . 33 during the first world war peugeot turned largely to arms production becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles from armoured cars and bicycles to shells . paris rouen 1894 . albert lema tre pictured on left was classified 1st in his peugeot 3 hp . bicycle manufacturer adolphe cl ment bayard was the front passenger . peugeot 6hp vis vis 1898 peugeot type 19 1899 peugeot type 125 a midrange car produced in 1910 peugeot model phaeton 139a 1913 interwar years edit peugeot 201 after the war car production resumed in earnest . racing continued as well with boillot entering the 1919 targa florio in a 2.5 liter 150 in3 car designed