glass company type private company founded martins ferry ohio 1905 headquarters williamstown west virginia united states number of employees 120 website http www.fentonartglass.com the fenton art glass company was founded in 1905 by brothers frank l. fenton and john w. fenton . contents 1 history 2 maker marks 3 item codes 4 patterns 5 colors and combinations 6 decorations 7 closure 8 continuing the glass bead jewelry tradition 9 see also 10 references 11 external links history edit the original factory was in an old glass factory in martins ferry ohio in 1905 . 1 the factory at one time was owned by the old west virginia glass company . 2 at first they painted glass blanks from other glass makers but started making their own glass when they became unable to buy the materials they needed . 2 they moved across the ohio river to williamstown west virginia and built a factory in 1906 . the first year for glass production was 1907 . 1 in 1908 john fenton left the company and founded the millersburg glass company in millersburg oh . 1 frank fenton was the designer and decorator . from 1905 to 1920 the designs made there were heavily influenced by two other glass companies tiffany and steuben . but the many different colors were the work of jacob rosenthal a famous glass chemist who is known for developing chocolate and golden agate glass . 3 towards the end of 1907 the fenton brothers were the first to introduce carnival glass which later became a popular collector s item . 4 during the great depression and world war ii fenton produced practical items such as mixing bowls and tableware due to shortages . at the same time they continued creating new colors . towards the end of the great depression they also produced perfume bottles for the wrisley company in 1938 . the bottles were made in french opalescent glass with the hobnail pattern . 5 in 1939 fenton started selling hobnail items in milk glass . hobnail milk glass would become the top selling line and allowed the fenton company to expand . in the late 1940s the top three members of fenton s management died . frank fenton and wilmer c. bill fenton immediately stepped in and took over the positions of president and vice president respectively . over the next thirty years they continued to expand fenton art glass despite a large number of glass factories closing down . in 1986 george w. fenton frank s son took over as president of the company . 6 maker marks edit in 1970 the company added their logo to the bottom of some pieces to distinguish them from older pieces . in 1974 fenton started putting their logo on all the pieces they made . pieces made in the 1980s have the number eight under the letter n in the logo pieces from the 1990s have the number nine and pieces made in the 2000s have a 0 in the same place . 7 from june 1996 to july 1998 fenton marked preferred seconds sold in their gift shop with a sandblasted solid or hollow star . 8 in august 1998 an f replaced the star . 8 another type of mark is found on glass baskets . where the glass handles of the baskets are attached to the base of the basket a stamp is made . 9 each handler had a specific pattern to help identify which handler attached the handle . 9 the marks began in the 1950s and were instituted by frank m. and bill fenton . 9 item codes edit fenton used a coding system to describe the items it produced . 10 the code used numbers for the pattern and letters for the color . 10 there were also letter codes for any decorations . 11 patterns edit persian medallion in marigold green opalescent basket weave plate some of the patters used on items produced by fenton were name years produced description reference cherry chain distinguished by groups of cherries in a circular pattern . 12 coin dot 1947 1952 54 1956 64 a pattern made by using opalescent glass that was a copy the polka dot victorian pattern . 13 dragon and lotus this pattern is possibly available in more colors than other patterns . 14 hobnail an even arrangement of bumps similar to that found on the bottom parts of hobnail boots . 15 open edge also referred to as basket weave . the pattern is on the outside of the bowl basket or plate and the edge has two rows of holes around it . three rows of holes were also made . 16 panther this is an interior pattern showing two large cats the outside pattern is butterfly and berry . all pieces have balled feet . 17 persian medallion embroidered medallions in a ring . used on plates bowls and bonbons . 18 colors and combinations edit fenton made hundreds of different colors of glass over the time they were open . 19 carnival colors 20 the color of carnival glass is the color of the applied treatment not the color of the piece of glass . 20 name years produced description reference amberina a fiery red blended to yellow . 20 amethyst a deep to pale purple . 20 blue pale to deep blue . 20 cobalt blue a deep shade of blue and the most sought after . 20 independence blue 1975 76 a cobalt blue carnival treatment made during the u.s.bicentennial . 21 green this color ranges from a deep green to a light yellow green . 20 marigold a yellow orange color . 20 red a red color that is deep when held to a light . 20 rich marigold orange red in appearance . 20 opalescent colors 22 name years produced description reference amethyst opalescent 22 blue opalescent 1959 64 1978 81 appears at odd times after 1907 till 1959 . 22 23 cameo opalescent 1920 s 1979 82 brown to tan in color . 23 cranberry opalescent 1956 1989 mainly made in hobnail and coin dot pattern molds . 23 french opalescent 1956 68 1980 also called crystal . clear class . made in hobnail coin dot molds also mandarin and empress vases . 22 23 green opalescent 1959 61 can be a jade color to a lime green . 22 23 plum opalescent 1959 62 created by attempting to make a cranberry opalescent that could be used in pressed molds . a deep purple color . 23 topaz opalescent 1940 44 1959 62 1980 a yellow uranium glass . used in hobnail coin dot cactus and lily of the valley pattern molds . 23 crests this color combination consists of glass of a different color added to the rim of a piece . 24 name years produced description reference aqua crest 1940 42 48 53 milk glass with a blue edge . 25 black rose 1953 54 peach blow with a black edge . 25 blue ridge 1939 french opalescent with a blue edge . 25 crystal crest 1942 milk glass with a double row of crystal and white glass . 25 emerald crest 1949 55 also called green crest in 1949 . 25 gold crest 1943 45 yellow glass on the edge of milk glass items . 25 ivory crest 1940 41 custard glass with a crystal edge . 25 peach crest 1940 69 a cased glass with milk glass on the outside and ruby on the inside with a crystal edge . 23 silver crest 1943 onwards a crystal edge on milk glass . marble or slag a type of glass that is opaque and streaked . it is usually a glass pressed in molds rather than being blown . 26 name years produced description reference blue marble 1970 73 blue with swirls of white . 23 chocolate glass 1907 1910 1976 also called carmel slag . created by glass maker jacob rosenthal . 27 overlay s overlays are a type of cased glass . cased glass is made up of different colors in layers . 28 name years produced description reference apple green overlay 1961 a light green glass over milk glass . 23 blue overlay 1943 53 1967 1971 blue glass over milk glass . 23 25 coral overlay 1961 a peach glass over milk glass . 23 gold overlay 1949 milk glass with an amber overlay . 25 green overlay 1949 53 milk glass covered in green glass . 25 ivy 1949 52 dark green over white glass . 25 rose overlay 1943 48 milk glass cased with light pink glass . 25 shelly green overlay 1967 colonial green over milk glass used only on lamps . 23 vasa murrhina is a cased glass the name means vessel of gems . this type of glass has a long history pre dating fenton . frank m. fenton had glass chemist charles goe develop a way to make it since the way it was made was long forgotten . the piece starts out as a ball of glass that is rolled in small pieces of broken glass called frit . then another layer of crystal was gathered over the frit . 29 name years produced description reference adventurine green 1964 68 blue and green frit over a milk glass base 29 autumn orange 1965 67 brown and orange frit over an opal glass base . 29 blue mist 1965 67 blue frit over a crystal base . 29 red mist 1965 67 red frit over a crystal base . 29 decorations edit fenton had a long history of decorating glass that goes back to its beginnings in 1905 . 1 the fenton art glass company started out as a decorating company that purchased blanks from glass manufacturers and placed their own decorations on them . 2 fenton did not manufacturer glass until 1907 a year after the williamstown wv plant was built . 2 decorations found on three or more shapes name years produced description glass type code reference apple blossom 1969 70 painted pink flowers . silver crest ab 11 bluebells on hobnail 1971 72 painted blue flowers . hobnail milk glass bb 11 bluebirds 1977 79 painted bluebirds custard glass bc 11 transfer leaves 1970 72 transfer decoration of oak leaves burmese bd 11 blue dogwood 1980 82 blue flowers with five petals . a mistake in naming that stuck because dogwood only has 4 petals . cameo satin bl bq 11 30 blue roses 1978 83 the first item to be painted with the decoration was an egg . blue satin and custard glass bl 11 butterflies 1977 78 butterflies and yellow and blue flowers milk glass by 11 violets in the snow 1969 84 tiny violets also called decorated violets . silver crest and milk glass dv 11 closure edit on august 9 2007 fenton art glass sent out a press release stating they would cease ... operations over the next few months . their plans involved laying off 25 employees immediately and in the following weeks the rest of their workers would be laid off . 31 however on december 4 2007 fenton art glass released a press statement saying that due to an unexpected buying frenzy and internal restructuring the company would stay open until at least the spring of 2008 . 32 in an open letter in august 2008 company president george fenton said that thanks to the buying frenzy the company had been able to institute some reforms and wouldn t be closing in the foreseeable future . 33 on july 6 2011 fenton art glass sent out a press release stating they would wind down production of its collectible and giftware glass products . according to wtap tv the company cites financial challenges since its restructuring in 2007 and recent developments as factors in its decision to shut down its traditional glassmaking business . fenton art