sources too closely associated with the subject potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral . please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable independent third party sources . february 2016 learn how and when to remove this template message csl limited type public traded as asx csl industry biotechnology founded 1916 federal government department 1994 privatised headquarters parkville melbourne victoria key people paul perreault ceo products blood plasma vaccines antivenom other laboratory and medical products revenue usd 5.000 billion 2013 1 net income usd 1 216 million 2013 1 website www.csl.com.au csl limited is a global specialty biotechnology company that researches develops manufactures and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions . csl s product areas include blood plasma derivatives vaccines antivenom and cell culture reagents used in various medical and genetic research and manufacturing applications . 2 contents 1 history 2 locations 3 ownership 4 vaccine for a h1n1 2009 pandemic 5 divisions 5.1 seqirus biocsl 5.2 csl behring australia 5.3 csl behring 6 see also 7 references 8 notes history edit founded in 1916 the commonwealth serum laboratories an australian government body focused on vaccine manufacture . under the first director william penfold 3 csl commenced operation in the vacant walter and eliza hall institute building at the melbourne hospital in 1918 before moving to its purpose built parkville premises in the following year . after ongoing disputes with the commonwealth department of health and its director john howard cumpston penfold resigned in 1927 and was replaced by frederic morgan . soon after morgan s appointment csl was drawn into a serious public health disaster when a batch of its diphtheria toxin antitoxin was implicated in the deaths of 12 children in what became known as the bundaberg tragedy of 1928 . although csl s manufacturing processes were absolved its labelling procedures were seen to be in error leading to an enduring focus on the highest standards across the facility s production . in 1928 csl also became involved in antivenene antivenom manufacture in conjunction with the snake venom research undertaken by charles kellaway at the hall institute . this led to the successful clinical testing of antivenene against tiger snake notechis scutatus bite in 1930 and its commercial release in 1931 . in 1934 the research on snake venoms was transferred from the hall institute to csl under the direction of former snake showman tom pambo eades . this represented the initiation of research at the laboratories an outcome its directors had been seeking for over a decade . the relationship with the hall institute continued until world war ii particularly via joint projects on viral diseases including polio and influenza coordinated by frank macfarlane burnet and esmond bill keogh . keogh played an important role in the establishment of penicillin production at csl in 1944 a critical wartime achievement . citation needed the operation commenced plasma fractionation in 1952 . thereafter the range of antivenoms increased including those against other snake species such as death adder acanthophis antarcticus and the taipan oxyuranus scutellatus plus spiders including the redback latrodectus hasselti and after much difficulty the sydney funnel web atrax robustus . much of this work including the introduction in 1962 of a polyvalent antivenom against all of the major terrestrial australian snakes occurred under the direction of saul wiener while from 1966 until the mid 1990s venom research was coordinated by the eccentric but dedicated struan sutherland . citation needed other major achievements of csl include 4 early production of insulin for treatment of australian diabetics 1923 development of a tetanus vaccine 1938 development of a combined vaccine for diphtheria tetanus and whooping cough 1953 rapid adoption and production of a polio vaccine 1956 development of a multi purpose animal vaccine covering pulpy kidney enterotoxemia tetanus black disease malignant oedema and blackleg 1961 production of rhesus d immunoglobulin to prevent haemolytic disease in newborns due to rh factor incompatibility 1966 67 pioneering heat treatment to protect blood and plasma products from infection with hiv 1983 collaboration on development of the world s first human papillomavirus vaccine gardasil building on the pioneering work by professor ian frazer 1994 2005 . 5 in 1994 the commonwealth facility was privatised as csl ltd. in 2000 csl doubled its size through the purchase of a swiss plasma company the bern based zlb bioplasma ag . in 2004 during a period of plasma oversupply the company expanded again with the purchase of the german medical company aventis behring . the company was the 2nd australian public company to have reached a share price of over 100 per share . citation needed in 2011 the company received the minister s award for outstanding equal employment opportunities initiative for their thinking kids children s centre . citation needed in october 2014 novartis announced its intention to sell its influenza vaccine business including its development pipeline to csl for 275 million . csl merged it into its biocsl operation . 6 in november 2015 biocsl rebranded the combined business with novartis influenza vaccines as seqirus sek eer us creating the world s second largest influenza vaccine company . 7 locations edit the company s headquarters remain in parkville victoria an inner suburb of melbourne . csl behring is headquartered in king of prussia usa and has manufacturing operations in the swiss city of bern in marburg in germany and kankakee usa . sequirus has its headquarters in maidenhead and has production facilities in holly springs usa liverpool uk and parkville victoria ownership edit csl is a public company and its stock is traded on the australian securities exchange under the stock code csl . the company completed an initial public offering in june 1994 at a 2.30 per share . csl stock is part of the s & p asx 50 index . citation needed vaccine for a h1n1 2009 pandemic edit csl s vaccine for swine flu was approved in september 2009 for use in australia by people aged 10 and over . 8 the federal government ordered 21 million doses of vaccine for 2009 a h1n1 of which 8 million were manufactured by csl . the australian government intended to use the csl vaccine in one of the largest national vaccine programs in the country s history . citation needed divisions edit csl limited s products can be separated by company division . some of the key products produced by each division have included seqirus biocsl edit vaccines adt acellular diphtheria tetanus vaccine afluria influenza vaccine afluria quad influenza vaccine agrippal influenza vaccine comvax haemophilus influenzae type b hepatitis b vaccine fluvax influenza vaccine flucellvax influenza vaccine flucellvax quad influenza vaccine fluad influenza vaccine fluverin influenza vaccine gardasil a human papilloma virus vaccine which gained tga approval in june 2006 h b vax ii hepatitis b vaccine liquid pedvaxhib haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine menjugate meningococcus group c vaccine meruvax ii rubella vaccine m m r ii mmr vaccine panvax h5n1 influenza vaccine panvax h1n1 2009 a h1n1 influenza vaccine plague vaccine yersinia pestis vaccine pneumovax 23 pneumococcus vaccine q vax coxiella burnetii vaccine tet tox tetanus vaccine vaqta hepatitis a vaccine varivax varicella zoster vaccine antivenoms black snake box jellyfish brown snake death adder funnel web spider polyvalent snake antivenom redback spider sea snake stonefish taipan tick tiger snake pharmaceuticals angiomax bivalirudin licensed from the medicines company austrapen ampicillin benpen benzylpenicillin burinex bumetanide licensed from leo pharma daivonex calcipotriol licensed from leo pharma daivobet calcipotriol betamethasone licensed from leo pharma epipen epinephrine autoinjector licensed from dey laboratories flomaxtra tamsulosin licensed from astellas pharma flopen flucloxacillin fucidin fusidic acid licensed from leo pharma minijet system preparations include epinephrine atropine calcium chloride furosemide glucose lidocaine naloxone sodium bicarbonate modavigil modafinil licensed from cephalon solaraze diclofenac sodium in hyaluronic acid licensed from almirall tramal tramadol licensed from gr nenthal vaniqa eflornithine licensed from almirall csl behring australia edit albumex serum albumin biostate factor viii carimune which is immunoglobulin for intravenous administration igiv cmv immunoglobulin vf cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin helixate which is recombinant antihemophilic factor a blood clotting factor for the treatment of haemophilia hepatitis b immunoglobulin human immunoglobulin intragam p normal rh d immunoglobulin vf sandoglobulin monofix vf factor ix prothrombinex ht prothrombin complex tetanus immunoglobulin vf thrombotrol vf antithrombin iii vivaglobin sub cutaneous human immune globulin indicated for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency . this product gained fda approval in january 2006 . von willebrand factor rhophylac rh d immunoglobulin g zoster immunoglobulin vf varicella zoster immunoglobulin csl behring edit immunology 9 hizentra human normal immunoglobulin . liquid 20 % immunoglobulin solution ready to use for subcutaneous administration privigen human polyvalent immunoglobulin liquid 10 % solution for intravenous injection vivaglobin human normal immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for subcutaneous administration carimune nf sandoglobulin sanglopor human normal immunoglobulin freeze dried formulations for intravenous administration sandoglobulin nf liquid redimune redimune nf liquid human normal immunoglobulin liquid 12 % solution for intravenous administration rhophylac human anti d immunoglobulin . prefilled syringes of highly purified anti rhesus factor d igg for intravenous administration and intramuscular injection . cytogam human cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin . liquid immunoglobulin containing a standardized amount of antibody to cytomegalovirus . berirab p human rabies immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for intramuscular injection beriglobin p human hepatitis a immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for intramuscular injection hepatitis b immunoglobulin p behring human hepatitis b immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for intramuscular injection tetagam p human tetanus immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for intramuscular injection varicellon p human varicella immunoglobulin liquid 16 % solution for intramuscular injection rhesogamma p human anti d immunoglobulin . prefilled syringes of highly purified anti rhesus factor d igg for intravenous administration and intramuscular injection . coagulation bleeding disorders beriate freeze dried human coagulation factor viii concentrate berinin p freeze dried human coagulation factor ix concentrate helixate fs and helixate nexgen freeze dried recombinant coagulation factor viii humate p and haemate p freeze dried human coagulation factor viii c and von willebrand factor concentrate monoclate p a freeze dried monoclonal antibody purified human coagulation factor viii concentrate mononine a freeze dried human coagulation factor ix that has been purified using monoclonal antibodies stimate a synthetic desmopressin acetate nasal spray factor x p behring a freeze dried human coagulation factor ix and factor x concentrate fibrogammin p cluvot and corifact freeze dried human coagulation factor xiii concentrate octostim a synthetic desmopressin acetate nasal spray pulmonary zemaira respreeza freeze dried human alpha1 proteinase inhibitor a1 pi critical care beriplex p n freeze dried human prothrombin complex concentrate haemocomplettan p riastap freeze dried human fibrinogen factor i concentrate kybernin p freeze dried human antithrombin iii concentrate alburx alburex albumeon human albumin behring albuminar 25 human albumin solution 5 % 20 % or 25 % human albumin solutions berinert p freeze dried human c1 esterase inhibitor c1 inh concentrate streptase freeze dried streptokinase wound healing beriplast p combi set fibrin sealant kit freeze dried fibrin sealant for topical application fibrogammin p freeze dried human coagulation factor xiii concentrate tachocomb fibrin sealant fleece type fleece type collagen preparations coated with fibrin glue components product availability varies from country to country depending on registration status . see also edit australian red cross blood service references edit a b asx and media release fy 13 results pdf . asx limited . csl ltd csl asx stock quote & company profile businessweek . businessweek . retrieved 13 august 2012 . robin a. de q. penfold william james 1875 1941 . canberra national centre of biography australian national university . tasker sarah jane 23 april 2016 . blood sweat and tears of the csl century . the australian . a global solution to reducing cervical cancer pdf . uniquest commercialisation stories . the university of queensland . retrieved 29 april 2016 . alex phillipidis novartis selling flu vaccine business to csl for 275m genetic engineering & biotechnology news october 27 2014 sequirus commonwealth serum laboratories panvax h1n1 approval for registration for