. this article may require cleanup to meet wikipedia s quality standards . no cleanup reason has been specified . please help improve this article if you can . march 2009 learn how and when to remove this template message seiko epson corporation seiko epson corporate building in tokyo type public traded as tyo 6724 industry electronics founded 1942 ; 74 years ago 1942 as daiwa kogyo ltd. suwa nagano japan headquarters suwa nagano japan officially registered in shinjuku tokyo key people seiji hanaoka chairman minoru usui president products information related equipments electronic devices precision products revenue 1.092 trillion 2015 us 9.7 billion 1 number of employees 67 605 1 parent seiko group website epson.com seiko epson corporation seik epuson kabushiki gaisha commonly known as epson is a japanese electronics company and one of the world s largest manufacturers of computer printers and information and imaging related equipment . headquartered in suwa nagano japan 2 the company has numerous subsidiaries worldwide and manufactures inkjet dot matrix and laser printers scanners desktop computers business multimedia and home theatre projectors large home theatre televisions robots and industrial automation equipment point of sale docket printers and cash registers laptops integrated circuits lcd components and other associated electronic components . it is one of three core companies of the seiko group a name traditionally known for manufacturing seiko timepieces since its founding . contents 1 core technology brands 2 history 2.1 origins 2.2 printers 2.3 21st century 3 esc p 4 ink cartridge controversies 5 references 6 external links core technology brands edit epson is best known for its micro piezo piezoelectric printing technology and 3lcd lcd projection technology . history edit origins edit the roots of seiko epson corporation go back to a company called daiwa kogyo ltd. which was founded in 1942 by hisao yamazaki a local clock shop owner and former employee of k. hattori in suwa nagano japan . daiwa kogyo was supported by an investment from the hattori family founder of the seiko group and began as a manufacturer of watch parts for daini seikosha currently seiko instruments . the company started operation in a 2 500 square foot 230 m2 renovated miso storehouse with 22 employees . in 1943 daini seikosha established a factory in suwa for manufacturing seiko watches with daiwa kogyo . in 1959 the suwa factory of daini seikosha was split up and merged into daiwa kogyo to form suwa seikosha co. ltd the forerunner of the seiko epson corporation . the company has developed many timepiece technologies . in particular it developed the world s first portable quartz timer seiko qc 951 in 1963 the world s first quartz watch seiko quartz astron 35sq in 1969 the first automatic power generating quartz watch seiko auto quartz in 1988 and the spring drive watch movement in 1999 . the watch business is the root of the company s micromechatronics technologies and still one of the major businesses for seiko epson today although it accounts for less than one tenth of total revenues . 3 the watches made by the company are sold through the seiko watch corporation a subsidiary of seiko holdings corporation . printers edit in 1961 suwa seikosha established a company called shinshu seiki co. as a subsidiary to supply precision parts for seiko watches . when the seiko group was selected to be the official time keeper for the 1964 summer olympics in tokyo a printing timer was required to time events and shinshu seiki started developing an electronic printer . in september 1968 shinshu seiki launched the world s first mini printer the ep 101 ep for electronic printer which was soon incorporated into many calculators . in june 1975 the name epson was coined into the next generation of printers based on the ep 101 which was released to the public . epson e p son son of electronic printer . in april of the same year epson america inc. was established to sell printers for shinshu seiki co. the epson hx 20 in june 1978 the tx 80 eighty column dot matrix printer was released to the market and was mainly used as a system printer for the commodore pet computer . after two years of further development an improved model the mx 80 was launched in october 1980 . this was soon the best selling printer in the united states . in july 1982 shinshu seiki officially named itself the epson corporation and launched the world s first handheld computer hx 20 hc 20 and in may 1983 the world s first portable color lcd tv was developed and launched by the company . in november 1985 suwa seikosha co. ltd. and the epson corporation merged to form seiko epson corporation . the company developed the micro piezo inkjet technology which used a piezoelectric crystal in each nozzle and did not heat the ink at the print head while spraying the ink onto the page and released epson mj 500 inkjet printer epson stylus 800 cartridge in march 1993 . shortly after in 1994 epson released the first high resolution color inkjet printer 720 720 dpi was considered as a high resolution the epson stylus color p860a utilizing the micro piezo head technology . newer models of the stylus series employed epson s special durabrite ink . they also had two hard drives . the hd 850 and the hd 860 mfm interface . the specifications are reference the winn l. rosch hardware bible 3rd addition sams publishing . 4 in 1994 epson started outsourcing sales reps to help sell their products in retail stores in the united states . in 1994 epson started the epson weekend warrior sales program . the purpose of the program was to help improve sales improve retail sales reps knowledge of epson products and to address epson customer service in a retail environment . reps were assigned on weekend shift typically around 12 20 hours a week . epson started the weekend warrior program with tmg marketing now mosaic sales solutions later with keystone marketing inc then to mosaic and now with campaigners inc. the mosaic contract expired with epson on june 24 2007 and epson is now represented by campaigners inc. the sales reps of campaigners inc. are not outsourced as epson hired rack jobbers to ensure their retail customers displayed products properly . this frees up their regular sales force to concentrate on profitable sales solutions to var s and system integrators leaving retail to reps who did not require sales skills . 21st century edit in june 2003 the company became public following their listing on the 1st section of the tokyo stock exchange . as of 2009 the hattori family and its related individuals and companies are still major shareholders of seiko epson and have the power . 5 even though seiko holdings and seiko epson have some common shareholders including the key members of the hattori family they are not affiliated . they are managed and operated completely independently . epson has established its own brand image but rarely uses seiko . in 2004 epson introduced their r d1 digital rangefinder camera which supports leica m mount and leica screw mount lenses with an adapter ring . this camera is the first digital rangefinder on the market . because its sensor is smaller than that of the standard 35 mm film frame lenses mounted on the r d1 have the field view 1.53 times as long as that of the standard 35 mm camera . as of 2006 the r d1 has been replaced by the r d1s . the r d1s is less expensive but its hardware is identical . epson has released a firmware patch to bring the r d1 up to the full functionality of its successor the first digital camera manufacturer to make such an upgrade available for free . citation needed in 2009 the company became fully owner of orient watch co. ltd. the one of the largest timepiece manufacturers in japan 6 in fall of 2012 epson introduced a printer called the epson expression premium xp 800 small in one . it has the ability to print wirelessly . 7 in the summer of 2015 epson came out with a printer the epson et 4550 which instead of print cartridges enables the user to pour the ink into separate inkwells from ink bottles . this saves you 90 % of the cost of replacement ink over the long run . in the third quarter of 2012 epson s global market share in the sale of printers copiers and multifunction devices amounted to 15.20 percent . 8 epson is also involved in the smart glasses business . since 2016 the company has three different models . first up was the epson moverio bt 100 which was followed up by the epson moverio bt 200 . in 2016 the company also released the moverio pro bt 2000 which is an enterprise oriented upgraded version of the bt 200 with steroscopic cameras . the company also was the first to release consumer smart glasses with see through optics that made them very popular under drone pilots for being able to get a first person view while still being able to see the drone in the sky . esc p edit epson lx 300 dot matrix printer main article esc p to control its printers epson introduced a printer control language the epson standard code for printers or esc p which became a de facto industry standard for controlling print formatting during the era of dot matrix printers ; whose popularity was initially started by the epson mx 80 . ink cartridge controversies edit in july 2003 a dutch consumer association advised its 640 000 members to boycott epson inkjet printers . the netherlands based organisation alleged that epson customers were unfairly charged for ink they could never use . later that month however the group retracted its call for a nationwide boycott of epson products and issued a statement conceding that residual ink left in epson cartridges was necessary for the printers to function properly . 9 epson designed ink to be left in the cartridges and in fact they have done so ever since they developed the piezo electric head due to the way the capping mechanism worked . if the capping mechanism dries out then the heads risk getting clogged and thus an expensive repair will be necessary . the reason that the dutch consumer association retracted their statement was that as pointed out epson had made a statement regarding how many pages at usually a 5 % coverage of an a4 sheet of paper each cartridge could sustain for printing . nonetheless epson america inc. settled a class action lawsuit brought before the los angeles superior court . it did not admit guilt but they agreed to refund 45 to anyone who purchased an epson inkjet printer after april 8 1999 at least 20 of which must be used at epson s e store . 10 according to idg news service epson filed a complaint with the u.s. international trade commission itc in february 2006 against 24 companies that manufactured imported or distributed epson compatible ink cartridges for resale in the u.s. citation needed on march 30 2007 itc judge paul luckern issued an initial determination that the ink cartridges in question did infringe upon epson s patents . 11 the judge also recommended those companies and others to be barred from manufacturing importing or reselling epson cartridges in the u.s. said epson . citation needed in 2015 it emerged that epson printers reported that cartridges are empty when in fact 20 % of their ink remains . 12 references edit a b consolidated results for year ended march 31 2016 pdf . retrieved april 29 2015 . head office & japanese facilities . seiko epson . retrieved on january 13 2009 . epson at a glance investor relations epson epson