madame ellen curtis demorest headquarters williamsport pennsylvania products aircraft engines parent avco textron website http www.lycoming.com lycoming is a major american manufacturer of aircraft engines . headquartered in williamsport pennsylvania lycoming produces a line of horizontally opposed air cooled four six and eight cylinder engines including the only faa certified aerobatic and helicopter piston engines on the market . the company has built more than 325 000 piston aircraft engines and powers more than half the world s general aviation fleet both rotary and fixed wing . the company is currently part of textron s avco corporation . 1 contents 1 history 1.1 sewing machines bicycles and fashion 1.2 engine manufacture 2 engines 2.1 piston engines 2.2 turbine engines 3 see also 4 citations 5 general references 6 external links history edit sewing machines bicycles and fashion edit demorest manufacturing company machine lycoming claims to have been founded in 1845 by madame ellen curtis demorest . 2 however the early history of the company especially prior to 1860 is unclear 3 biographer ishbel ross notes that the marriage of ellen louise curtis to william jennings demorest took place in 1858 somewhat later than the purported date of establishment of the company 3 . in new york new york between c. 1860 and 1887 the demorests published fashion magazines and operated the demorest fashion and sewing machine company sometimes known as the demorest manufacturing company producing madame demorest and bartlett & demorest sewing machines and selling ellen demorest s innovative paper patterns for dressmaking . 3 during this period ellen demorest patented several fashion accessories 4 5 while her husband patented improvements to sewing machines 3 and an apparatus for the vulcanization of rubber . 6 7 a demorest print advertisement around 1883 gerrit s. scofield & frank m. scofield advertising agents from new york bought the demorest brand and the sewing machine business the demorests retained the magazine business and constructed a factory in williamsport pennsylvania in lycoming county . 3 8 at the urging of the newly established williamsport board of trade citizens invested us 100 000 in the new manufacturing facility which employed 250 people . 3 the factory produced 50 to 60 sewing machines per day and the company sold them for between us 19.50 and us 55.00 each . 9 with the development of the new york bicycle in 1891 designed by employee s. h. ellis the company diversified its product offerings . 3 9 until the early 1900s the factory produced sewing machines bicycles typewriters opera chairs and other products . 2 3 9 engine manufacture edit this section needs additional citations for verification . please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed . december 2008 learn how and when to remove this template message by 1907 the manufacture of sewing machines had become unprofitable for demorest and the company was sold and restructured as the lycoming foundry and machine company shifting its focus toward automobile engine manufacture . 2 3 in 1910 the company supplied its first automobile engine to velie 10 and during the early post world war i era the company was a major supplier to auburn which produced the auburn cord and duesenberg lines . by 1920 lycoming was producing 60 000 engines a year with a 2 000 strong workforce . to handle the capacity a new foundry complex was built in williamsport that year . 11 eventually lycoming became auburn s principal supplier and in 1927 errett lobban cord bought the company 10 placing it under his auburn manufacturing umbrella group . among the engines lycoming produced for cord was an l head straight eight engine of 298.5 cu . in . displacement that produced 125 horsepower . this was used in the cord l 29 . lycoming also produced a double overhead cam straight 8 used in the legendary duesenberg j series . this powerplant produced 265 horsepower six times the power of a contemporary model a ford . a supercharged version generating 325 horsepower was installed in the duesenberg sj and ssj models . in 1929 lycoming produced its first aviation engine the nine cylinder r 680 radial . 2 this was a fairly successful design and was used widely in light aircraft including cord s travel air . in the 1930s lycoming made a number of attempts to develop successful high power aircraft engines . the 1 200 hp 895 kw o 1230 was lycoming s attempt to produce an engine based on the united states army air corps hyper engine concept and used a variety of features to produce nearly 1 hp in3 46 kw l of engine displacement . however by the o 1230 s entry into service it had been surpassed by other designs and the us 500 000 investment was not recouped . another attempt was made to rescue the design by stacking two o 1230s to make the 2 300 hp 1 700 kw h engine h 2470 but the only design to use it the vultee xp 54 never entered production . the curtiss xf14c was originally intended to be powered by the h 2470 but the engine s poor performance led to the adoption of an alternative radial engine on the prototype . the xf14c did not enter production . undeterred by the o 1230 h 2470 s failure lycoming turned to an even larger design the 36 cylinder xr 7755 the largest aviation piston engine ever built . this design also experienced problems and was only ready for use at the very end of world war ii when the aviation world was turning to turbojets and turboprop engines to power future large aircraft . 12 there was apparently some interest in using it on the convair b 36 peacemaker bomber but the 28 cylinder pratt & whitney r 4360 wasp major four bank radial was used instead . through the 1920s and 30s lycoming had still been supplying automotive manufacturers with engines . however these clients each slowly went out of business or switched to continental engines for their vehicles . by 1931 the company was only supplying automotive engines to three companies auburn cord and duesenburg still all under the control of cord . 13 these companies closed their doors in 1937 14 after which lycoming switched to exclusively designing and producing engines for aviation . 13 in 1939 cord re organized all of his aviation holdings into the avco group at which point the engine manufacturing company became avco lycoming . they also leased the government owned stratford army engine plant in stratford connecticut and produced wright radials under license . after the war this plant was converted to produce the t53 turboshaft engine one of their more successful designs . from this point on the piston and turbine engine lines remained separate with the piston lines being built in the original williamsport factories and turbines in stratford . by 1961 lycoming produced 600 to 700 engines per month . 12 their most successful post war products were a series of air cooled flat 4 and flat 6 general aviation engines . most famous among these are the o 235 and o 360 four cylinder engines and the o 540 six cylinder engine . many light aircraft are powered by versions of these engines with power ratings in the 100 360 hp 75 270 kw range . engines in this series also include the o 320 four o 580 six and o 720 eight cylinder engines and the advanced turbocharged and fuel injected 450 hp 340 kw tigo 541 variant of the venerable carbureted o 540 . in the early 1980s the general aviation market suddenly diminished and lycoming s piston engine business was significantly impacted . attempts were made to move some of the turbine production to williamsport but this led to a series of quality control problems and eventually it was abandoned . another attempt to rescue williamsport was made in introducing the radical score engine a wankel engine originally developed in a partnership between curtiss wright and john deere . curtiss wright lost interest in the design just as it was maturing and sold it to deere who brought in lycoming to sell into the aviation markets . they were guaranteed a startup run by cessna also owned by textron . just as production was ready to start cessna announced they were halting their small aircraft business for an indefinite period and score was cancelled . the remains of the deere licenses were later purchased by rotary power international which briefly produced a 340 hp 254 kw version . textron purchased the company in 1985 . 15 in 1994 textron sold the lycoming turbine engine division located in stratford connecticut to alliedsignal who merged it with the garrett engine division of alliedsignal as part of alliedsignal aerospace later becoming part of honeywell aerospace in 1999 . 16 textron retained piston engine production in williamsport . engines edit the aircraft piston engine prefixes are 17 a aerobatic dry sump ae aerobatic wet sump 18 g geared reduction gear h helicopter i fuel injected l left hand rotation crankshaft m designed for unmanned drone o opposed cylinders r radial cylinders s supercharged t turbocharged v vertical installation usually for helicopters x x type engine piston engines edit lycoming r 680 9 cylinder radial 1929 220 295 hp 164 220 kw lycoming s first engine 4.625 inch diameter x 4.5 inch stroke x 9 cyls 680.41 in3 lycoming del 120 4 cylinder turbodiesel 19 20 lycoming o 145 4 cylinder 1938 3.625 x3 .5 144.49 2.37 l lycoming io 233 lsa 4 cylinder 100 116 hp 75 87 kw announced 2008 probable certification in 2009 21 lycoming o 235 4 cylinder 108 118 hp 81 88 kw introduced in 1940 and still produced widely used on the cessna 152 and similar ga designs lycoming o 290 4 cylinder 125 hp 93 kw downsized version of the 435 introduced in 1942 and largely ignored for aviation use but widely used in ground power carts sold to the us military lycoming o 320 4 cylinder 150 160 hp 112 119 kw used on cessna 172 lycoming o 340 4 cylinder lycoming o 360 4 cylinder introduced in 1955 and widely used ever since formed the basis for the 540 and 720 lycoming tio 360 exp 4 cylinder 180 hp 134 kw announced 2008 non certified turbocharged engine for homebuilding use 22 lycoming io 390 4 cylinder 210 hp 157 kw announced probable certification in late 2008 22 lycoming o 435 6 cylinder 185 260 hp 137 194 kw also developed as a tank engine lycoming o 480 6 cylinder lycoming o 540 6 cylinder 230 350 hp 172 261 kw widely used on the piper navajo comanche etc. lycoming tio 541 6 cylinder improved 540 featuring turbocharging on all models lycoming io 580 6 cylinder 300 hp 223 kw engine introduced in 1997 lycoming gso 580 8 cylinder original 580 produced from 1948 to 1961 lycoming io 720 8 cylinder 400 hp 298 kw engine introduced in 1961 lycoming o 1230 lycoming h 2470 lycoming xr 7755 36 cylinder multibank liquid cooled engine largest aircraft piston engine ever built turbine engines edit lycoming t53 turboshaft 600 hp 447 kw used on the bell uh 1 huey and others . lycoming t53 l 13 845 kw 1 133 hp used on the db class 210 locomotive lycoming t55 turboshaft 3 750 hp 2 796 kw used on the ch 47 chinook . lycoming plf1 the first high bypass turbofan designed in the us ; not produced lycoming lts101 lpt101 turboshaft and turboprop lycoming alf 502 turbofan based on the t55 turboshaft used on the bae 146 and bombardier challenger 600 . lycoming agt1500 turboshaft 1 500 hp 1 119 kw used on the m1 abrams . lycoming tf 40 marine gas turbine for the usn s lcac hovercraft