engineers inc. type private industry roller coaster design founded 1988 founder walter bolliger claude mabillard headquarters monthey switzerland area served worldwide key people walter bolliger claude mabillard products stand up coaster 1990 inverted coaster 1992 sitting coaster 1993 dive coaster 1998 hyper coaster 1999 floorless coaster 1999 flying coaster 2002 wing coaster 2011 family coaster 2014 1 number of employees 37 2012 website official website bolliger & mabillard abbreviated b & m and formally known as bolliger & mabillard consulting engineers inc. is a roller coaster design consultancy based in monthey switzerland . the company was founded in 1988 by walter bolliger and claude mabillard with bolliger as president and mabillard as vice president . 2 since 1988 b & m has built 100 roller coasters around the world and have pioneered several new ride technologies most notably the inverted roller coaster . 3 4 since 1990 all coasters designed by b & m that have been built within north america have been manufactured by clermont steel fabricators which is located in batavia ohio united states . 5 6 7 b & m started with four employees and has since grown ; as of 2012 it employs 37 people mostly engineers and draftsmen . 8 in 2016 the company completed its 100th coaster . contents 1 history 2 features 2.1 lift hills 2.2 trains 2.3 track 2.4 brakes 2.4.1 friction brakes 2.4.2 magnetic brakes 2.4.3 water brakes 3 list of roller coasters 4 references 5 external links history edit walter bolliger and claude mabillard starting working for giovanola a manufacturing company who supplied rides to intamin in the 1970s . during their time at giovanola they helped design the company s first stand up roller coaster shockwave at six flags magic mountain . they also worked on other projects such as z force at six flags great america . 9 bolliger & mabillard left giovanola but the company continued to use their track design so the company s roller coasters goliath at six flags magic mountain and titan at six flags over texas use a track style very similar to b & m s. 10 11 an inverted model with the angled drop common on inverted coasters batman the ride at six flags great adventure in 1987 giovanola underwent a change of management ; bolliger & mabillard decided to leave and founded their own company . 9 at the time b & m employed four people ; two draftsmen bolliger and mabillard . when b & m was created the pair had agreed not to make any more amusement attractions . 12 13 however six flags contacted the new company and asked it to build a roller coaster . b & m accepted the offer and hired two more draftsmen . but b & m had a problem regarding how and where to manufacture the track pieces for the roller coaster . with the impression of the work done by clermont steel fabricators on vortex at kings island and shockwave six flags great america walter bolliger went to the steel plant and asked if they would be interested in manufacturing the track . clermont steel fabricators accepted and currently manufactures all bolliger and mabillard roller coaster track pieces for all of north america . 7 now with a company to manufacture the track b & m built its first roller coaster a stand up roller coaster iron wolf which opened in 1990 at six flags great america . 12 13 two years later bolliger & mabillard built another project for six flags great america batman the ride the world s first inverted coaster which brought them to prominence in the industry . 14 15 bolliger & mabillard also invented the floorless coaster 16 and the dive coaster . the company also built its first launched roller coaster the the incredible hulk which is at universal s islands of adventure . although the incredible hulk uses a launch system b & m classifies it as a sitting coaster . 17 in 2010 b & m unveiled its new wing coaster and premiered the prototype model named raptor at gardaland in 2011 . 18 it has two seats on each side on the car that hang riders over the sides of the track . there are currently only five in operation . 18 in 2015 b & m constructed thunderbird at holiday world & splashin safari its first in house launched coaster . 19 by 2010 b & m employed twelve engineers twelve draftsman and two draftswomen . 12 13 the company has made other contributions to the roller coaster industry . the company built the trains for the psyclone a now demolished wooden roller coaster at six flags magic mountain . the trains were later used on the park s colossus wooden roller coaster until it was refurbished by rocky mountain construction but were only used during october each year . the trains faced backward and usually raced against trains on the second track which ran forward . 20 in 2013 b & m supplied new trains for steel dragon 2000 built by d. h. morgan manufacturing in 2000 . 21 22 as of 2012 bolliger & mabillard has 85 operating roller coasters worldwide 3 twenty two of which are listed among the amusement today golden ticket awards top 50 steel coasters list for 2012 and five are in the top 10 . the company has built more roller coasters than any other manufacturer on the list . 23 features edit raptor s cobra roll a first for inverted roller coasters bolliger & mabillard currently manufactures nine different roller coaster styles stand up coaster inverted coaster floorless coaster flying coaster hyper coaster dive coaster sitting coaster wing coaster and family coaster . 1 24 bolliger & mabillard has been involved in developing new technologies and concepts in roller coasters almost since its inception . it has often worked with engineer werner stengel and with designers and management of client theme parks . 25 26 lift hills edit this section possibly contains original research . please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . statements consisting only of original research should be removed . march 2014 learn how and when to remove this template message diagram comparing a standard lift hill and the b & m pre drop lift hill . many bolliger & mabillard coasters feature an element known as a pre drop a short drop after the top of the lift hill and before the start of the first drop designed to reduce tension on the lift chain . the flat section between the pre drop and the first drop serves as a shelf to support the weight of the train reducing related stresses on the chain . on most coasters without a pre drop the weight of the train tends to pull on the lift chain as it begins its descent because the latter half of the train is still being lifted by the chain . pre drops have not been used on the company s dive or flying coasters or on hyper coasters built after 1999 . 27 28 more recently the pre drop is only used on coasters with curved drops whereas coasters with straight drops such as hydra the revenge at dorney park & wildwater kingdom and goliath at six flags over georgia do not have pre drops . oziris at parc ast rix was the first b & m inverted roller coaster that does not feature a pre drop . 29 trains edit most of bolliger & mabillard s roller coaster trains use four abreast seating . each car has one row of four seats while the train length can vary between coasters . all of the company s coaster models except the dive coaster and wing coaster use this configuration . the dive coaster uses six eight or ten abreast seating with two or three rows of seats . for example griffon at busch gardens williamsburg uses ten seats in three rows while krake at heide park uses six across seating in three rows . 30 on recent hyper coaster projects b & m has used a new car design that has two rows of two seats ; the two seats in the rear of the car pushed out from the centerline so that the four seats resemble a v formation . this formation has only been used on behemoth at canada s wonderland diamondback at kings island intimidator at carowinds and shambhala expedici n al himalaya at portaventura . in 2013 b & m introduced a new car design that has two rows of two seats however they are not in a v formation . 21 22 all b & m hyper coasters use a type of restraint called a t bar restraint which consists of bar with a cushioned lap bar with two handles for riders to hold on to . this type of restraint generally does not use a seat belt however seat belts have been added to behemoth at canada s wonderland diamondback at kings island and intimidator at carowinds all of which have the stadium style seating . 31 bolliger & mabillard also uses over the shoulder restraints in that the restraint is placed over the riders shoulders and sits and extends to the riders laps . this type of restraint is used on dive inverted sitting flying floorless stand up and wing coasters . 32 track edit cad model of b & m s signature box spined track a notable feature of bolliger & mabillard roller coasters is the box section track . the running rails are connected to a box section spine instead of the circular spine used by other manufacturers . when a train travels around a box section track it creates a distinctive roaring sound which is unique to this style of track . however on some bolliger & mabillard roller coasters such as talon at dorney park & wildwater kingdom the track is filled with sand to reduce this noise . 33 also depending on the model of the roller coaster the track size can vary . models such as the flying wing and dive coaster have heavier trains which require a larger track size while models with lighter trains such as the stand up and hyper coaster do not and use a smaller sized track . 7 brakes edit as of 2016 bolliger & mabillard uses three types of braking system ; friction magnetic and water . friction brakes edit when b & m was first founded the linear magnetic eddy brake had yet to be developed so it used friction brakes as its main braking system . on the train pads are fitted beneath the seating areas . on the brakes similar pads are connected to steel supports . when the pads on the train come into contact with the brakes friction is created which slows the train . 34 beginning with kumba in 1993 friction brakes have also been used as trim brakes that regulate the speed of the train while it is still navigating the course . 35 magnetic brakes edit magnetic brakes were first used on nitro at six flags great adventure in 2001 . 36 magnetic brakes slow down trains much faster than friction brakes ; most b & m roller coasters built in or after 2001 have at least one set of magnetic brakes . magnetic brakes do not make contact with the train . fins that run parallel to the train are fitted beneath the seats . as the fins pass through the brakes the magnetic field created by the brakes slows the train . magnetic brakes have also been used as an alternate type of trim brake on b & m roller coasters such as leviathan at canada s wonderland . 37 water brakes edit water brakes were first introduced on sheikra at busch gardens tampa bay in 2005 . 38