responsible for most local bus services in london . for a more general article see buses in london . this article needs additional citations for verification . please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed . march 2011 learn how and when to remove this template message london buses parent transport for london founded 1999 headquarters london service area greater london berkshire buckinghamshire essex hertfordshire kent surrey service type bus transport network routes 673 52 night buses 1 stops 19 000 2 fleet 8 000 1 daily ridership 6 million per weekday 1 fuel type diesel and hybrid technology operator tendered out franchisees website www.tfl.gov.uk buses an example of an old type typical london bus stop . london buses is the subsidiary of transport for london tfl that manages bus services within greater london . it was formed following the greater london authority act 1999 that transferred control of greater london s bus services from national government s london regional transport to the mayor of london . contents 1 overview 1.1 bus operations 1.2 publications 2 legal status 3 scope 4 fares and concessions 5 operators 6 vehicles 7 ibus 8 see also 9 references 10 external links overview edit transport for london s key areas of direct responsibility through london buses are the following planning new bus routes revising existing bus routes specifying service levels monitoring service quality management of bus stations and bus stops assistance in on ground set up of diversions bus driver assistance in situations over and above job requirements for example road accidents providing information for passengers in the form of timetables and maps at bus stops and online and an online route planning service producing leaflet maps available from travel information centres libraries etc. and as online downloads . operating centrecomm london buses 24 hour command and control centre based in southwark bus operations edit all bus operations are undertaken under a tendering system in which operators bid for routes in return for a set price per route operated . contracts are normally for five years with two year extensions available if performance criteria is met . 3 routes are set up controlled and tendered out by transport for london tfl and they provide day to day assistance via centrecomm which coordinates a large scale network of network traffic controllers to help with any traffic issues that may occur . operators provide staff to drive the buses provide the buses to operate and also adhere to set tfl guidelines . operators are then in return paid per mile that each bus runs the pricing is announced on new tenders . publications edit london buses publishes a variety of bus maps . some are traditional street maps of london marked with bus numbers . in 2002 tfl introduced the first spider maps . 4 rather than attempting to cover the entire city these maps are centred on a particular locality or bus station and convey the route information in the schematic style of harry beck s influential tube map capitalising on tfl s iconic style of information design . the arachnoid form of bus routes radiating from a centre earned them the nickname spider maps although tfl refer to them on their website as route maps . the maps are displayed at most major bus stops and can be downloaded in pdf format via the internet from the tfl website . 5 legal status edit see also history of public transport authorities in london the legal identity of london buses is london bus services limited lbsl 6 a wholly owned subsidiary of transport for london . east thames buses was the trading name of another wholly owned subsidiary of tfl called rather confusingly london buses limited lbl . 7 lbl was formed on 1 april 1985 as part of the privatisation of london bus services and acted as an arm s length subsidiary of tfl s precursor organisation london regional transport lrt holding twelve bus operating units from late 1988 and other assets . the operating units were sold off in 1994 95 and their purchasers make up the majority of companies awarded bus operating tenders from the current london buses lbsl . after 1994 95 the lbl company lay dormant passing from lrt to tfl . it was resurrected when east thames buses was formed separated by a chinese wall from lbsl and acted as a london bus operator by proxy . scope edit the local bus network in london is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world . over 8000 8 scheduled buses operate on over 700 different routes . 1 over the year this network carries over 1.8 billion passenger journeys . fares and concessions edit buses in the london buses network accept travelcards oyster card products including bus passes and oyster pay as you go and contactless debit and credit cards . cash fares have not been available since 6 july 2014 but day bus passes issued either as a single use oyster card or on paper from station ticket machines were re introduced on 2 january 2015 . 9 single journey fares used to be charged in relation to length of journey fare stages but are now charged as single flat fares for any length of journey . from 2000 the flat fare was higher for journeys in zone 1 than in outer zones although from 2004 this difference was eliminated the change coinciding with the introduction of oyster card flat fares . with oyster pay as you go users are charged a set amount for single journeys although there is a daily cap which limits the maximum amount of money that will be deducted from the balance regardless of how many buses are taken that day from 04.30 to 04.29 the next day . alternatively weekly and monthly passes may also be purchased and loaded onto an oyster card . passengers using contactless payment cards are charged the same fares as on oyster pay as you go . unlike oyster cards contactless cards also have a 7 day fare cap though it currently only operates on a monday sunday basis . 10 under 11s can travel free on london buses and trams at any time unaccompanied by an adult ; they do not need an oyster card or a ticket . 11 children aged 11 to 15 travel free on buses with an 11 15 oyster photocard ; without an oyster card or travelcard they have to pay the full adult fare . visitors can have a special discount added to an ordinary oyster card at tfl s travel information centres . there are also concessions for london residents aged 16 to 18 . 12 the freedom pass scheme allows greater london residents over state pension age and those with a disability to travel free at any time on buses and tfl s rail services . people who have concessionary bus passes issued by english local authorities travel free on tfl bus services at any time . operators edit bus services in london are operated by abellio london arriva london ct plus go ahead london london sovereign london united metroline quality line stagecoach london sullivan buses tower transit and uno . citation needed each company has its own operating code and every bus garage in london has its own garage code . vehicles edit see also list of bus types used in london new and old a 2005 alexander alx400 model overtakes a 1963 aec routemaster an elevated view of london s first hyfleet cute hydrogen fuel cell bus showing the six roof mounted hydrogen fuel tanks looking down from the high level concourse at tower gateway docklands light railway station . the various bus operators providing services under contract to london buses operate a wide variety of vehicles about the only immediately obvious common feature being their use of a largely red livery . however london buses in fact maintains a close control over both the age and specification of the vehicles . particular examples of this include the use of separate exit doors increasingly unusual on buses in the united kingdom outside london and on double deckers the use of a straight staircase where most other uk operators specify a more compact curved staircase . additionally london buses also specifies that vehicles operating in london use traditional printed roller destination blinds whereas in most other parts of the country electronic dot matrix or led displays are the norm on new buses . these have been known to tear and get dirty quickly however there have been improvements with led backlights and the smartblind system installed on newer vehicles . because of london buses close control on the age of the fleet it is very common for london buses to be cascaded by their owners to operations in other parts of the country after only a few years service . ibus edit the front of the top deck on a london united scania omnicity . top ibus display showing the route number & destination 482 to southall town hall . below a screen display a live feed from the cctv . all of london s buses use the london ibus system an automatic vehicle location system that provides passengers with audio visual announcements and are able to trigger priority at traffic junctions . the system was on trial in 2006 and was extended to all bus routes by 2009 . 13 see also edit london transport portal aldenham works articulated buses in london east london transit list of bus routes in london low emission buses in london references edit a b c d transport for london . london buses . retrieved 13 november 2007 . dodson sean 28 february 2008 . london buses headed in the same direction as helsinki s high tech transport system technology . the guardian . retrieved 2 february 2010 . london buses tendering system . transport for london . 28 december 2010 . retrieved 28 december 2010 . mayor of london . transport strategy buses . archived from the original on 5 october 2007 . retrieved 13 november 2007 . transport for london . bus route maps . retrieved 13 november 2007 . companies house extract company no 3914787 london bus services limited companies house extract company no 1900906 london buses limited mayor of london . london data store . retrieved 25 may 2016 . md1418 january 2015 fare changes greater london authority 18 november 2014 leaflet contactless travel published by tfl . travelling with children . children and students transport for london . tfl.gov.uk . 19 january 2010 . retrieved 2 february 2010 . all london s buses now fitted with ibus . transport for london . transport for london . 23 april 2009 . retrieved 18 april 2015 . external links edit official website of london buses ibus v t e transport in london companies and organisations transport for london air line buses east london transit night buses coach station cycle hire dial a ride london rail docklands light railway london overground tfl rail tramlink crossrail under construction london river services london streets london underground night tube source london taxi and private hire office bus operators abellio arriva east herts & essex arriva london arriva southern counties ct plus go ahead london london sovereign london united metrobus metroline quality line stagecoach london tower transit uno river operators bateaux london city cruises crown river cruises livett s launches lower thames and medway passenger boat company thames clippers thames executive charters thames river services westminster passenger services association train operators c2c caledonian sleeper chiltern railways east midlands trains eurostar govia thameslink railway gatwick express great northern southern thameslink grand central great western railway greater anglia stansted express heathrow connect heathrow express hull trains london midland london overground rail operations south west trains southeastern tfl rail virgin trains west coast virgin trains east coast other global infrastructure partners heathrow airport