brewery . carlsberg group type publicly traded aktieselskab traded as nasdaq copenhagen carl a carl b industry beverages founded 1847 founder j. c. jacobsen headquarters copenhagen denmark key people cees t hart president and ceo flemming besenbacher chairman products beers ciders soft drinks bottled water brands carlsberg tuborg kronenbourg 1664 baltika grimbergen somersby revenue dkk 64.506 billion 9.528 billion 2014 1 operating income dkk 9.227 billion 1.363 billion 2014 1 number of employees 40 435 fte average 2014 1 website www.carlsberggroup.com the carlsberg group k rlzb r ; danish k lsb is a german style brewing company founded in 1847 by j. c. jacobsen . the company s first headquarters were located in copenhagen denmark . since jacobsen s death in 1887 the majority owner of the company has been the carlsberg foundation . the company s flagship brand is carlsberg beer named after jacobsen s son carl but it also brews tuborg kronenbourg somersby cider russia s best selling beer baltika belgian grimbergen abbey beers and more than 500 local beers . 2 after merging with the brewery assets of norwegian conglomerate orkla asa in january 2001 carlsberg became the fifth largest brewery group in the world . after a failed takeover attempt by orkla carlsberg became the sole owner after purchasing orkla s share in the brewery in 2004 . it is the leading beer seller in russia with about a 40 percent share of the market . 3 in 2009 carlsberg ranked fourth worldwide and employed around 45 000 people . 4 contents 1 history 2 regional operations 2.1 eastern europe 2.2 northern and western europe 2.3 united states 2.4 asia 3 beers 3.1 carlsberg 3.2 special brew 3.3 elephant beer 3.4 other brands in carlsberg group s portfolio 4 visitors centre 5 advertising 5.1 sponsorships 6 gallery 7 see also 8 references 9 external links history edit j.c. jacobsen standing in his winter garden known as pompeji next to a table with laboratory equipment a bottle of lager a beer glass and books by louis pasteur and emil christian hansen . painting by august jerndorff 1886 diplome d honneur antwerp 1885 expo carlsberg was founded by j. c. jacobsen a philanthropist and avid art collector . with his fortune he amassed an impressive art collection which is now housed in the ny carlsberg glyptotek in central copenhagen . the first brew was finished on 10 november 1847 and the export of carlsberg beer began in 1868 with the export of one barrel to edinburgh scotland . 5 some of the company s original logos include an elephant after which some of its lagers are named and the swastika whose use was discontinued in the 1930s because of its association with political parties in neighboring germany . jacobsen s son carl opened a brewery in 1882 named ny new carlsberg forcing him to rename his brewery gamle old carlsberg . the companies were merged and run under carl s direction in 1906 and remained so until his death in 1914 . 5 jacobsen set up the carlsberg laboratory in 1875 which worked on scientific problems related to brewing . it featured a department of chemistry and a department of physiology . the species of yeast used to make pale lager saccharomyces carlsbergensis was isolated by emil christian hansen at the laboratory in 1883 and bears its name ; this was shared freely by carlsberg . 5 the carlsberg laboratory also developed the concept of ph and made advances in protein chemistry . 6 in 1972 the carlsberg research centre was established and the carlsberg laboratory is now an independent unit of the centre . 7 in 1876 j.c. jacobsen established the carlsberg foundation run by trustees from the royal danish academy of sciences and letters which managed the carlsberg laboratory as well as supporting scientific research within the fields of natural sciences mathematics philosophy the humanities and social sciences in denmark . because of a conflict with his son carl jacobsen s brewery was left to the foundation upon his death in 1887 . 8 the first overseas license for brewing was given to the photos photiades breweries and in 1966 carlsberg glass and beer was brewed for the first time outside denmark at the photiades breweries in cyprus . the first brewery to be built outside denmark was in blantyre malawi in 1968 . 5 carlsberg merged with tuborg breweries in 1970 forming the united breweries as and merged with tetley in 1992 . carlsberg became the sole owner of carlsberg tetley in 1997 . 5 in 2008 carlsberg group together with heineken bought scottish & newcastle the largest brewer in the uk for 7.8 bn 15.3 bn . 9 in 2013 the company joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking . 10 in november 2014 carlsberg agreed to take over greece s third largest brewery the olympic brewery adding to its operations in the country already and effectively transforming the firm into the second biggest market player in greece . 11 the old brewery in copenhagen is currently open for tours . 12 famous visitors have included winston churchill in 1950 queen elizabeth ii in 1957 5 and yuri gagarin in 1962 . 13 regional operations edit the carlsberg group divides their operations into three market areas northern & western europe eastern europe and asia . 14 eastern europe edit baltic beverages holding is currently owned by carlsberg . previously it was a joint venture between carlsberg and scottish & newcastle in russia . 9 the company is a significant operator in the brewing industry in russia ukraine the baltic countries kazakhstan and uzbekistan . it has a majority interest in oao baltika breweries the largest brewery in the russian federation and eastern europe . 15 the uzbek government claimed the subsidiary owed 4.6 million in taxes from unreported revenue . lower courts also claimed that carlsberg illegally produced 1.6 million liters of beer from 2008 to 2010 . for these reasons in march 2012 carlsberg suspended production at its uzbek plant and asked its employees to take an unpaid leave . 16 in late 2012 the uzbek court declined carlsberg s tax appeal . 17 production resumed in april 2013 . 18 the brewery produces 1.3 million litres of beer under three local brands sarbast original sarbast extra and sarbast special plus the international brand tuborg green . 19 northern and western europe edit carlsberg acquired the aldaris brewery in riga latvia in 2008 . 20 the brewery was founded in 1865 and produces aldaris brand beers . 21 carlsberg polska is the polish subsidiary of the carlsberg group . carlsberg acquired 100 % control of the okocim group which included the okocim brewery in 2004 . the subsidiary owns four brewing plants and employs a staff of 1 250 . it is the third largest brewing company in poland with a 14.4 % market share . 22 brands include harna kasztelan okocim piast somersby and carlsberg . carlsberg sweden sverige is based in stockholm and owns the falcon brewery in falkenberg and the raml sa mineral water bottling facility in helsingborg . 23 carnegie porter a 5.5 % abv baltic porter along with the pripps and falcon brand lagers are brewed in falkenberg . 24 norway brands include arendals dahls frydenlund nordlands ringnes and tou . other european brands include birrificio angelo poretti italy feldschl sschen switzerland holsten germany jacobsen karhu finland kronenbourg france super bock portugal and tetley uk . a result of the take over of scottish and newcastle carlsberg now controls the san miguel brand in the uk . united states edit the carlsberg group brands are distributed by st. killian import co. based in everett ma importing carlsberg beer directly from denmark . brands that are imported include carlsberg beer bottles and kegs carlsberg elephant kronenbourg 1664 grimbergen tetley s english ale okocim . 25 asia edit carlsberg started to export beer to china in 1876 . 26 in the late 1990s carlsberg had two breweries in china huizhou and shanghai . the company acquired huizhou brewery in guangdong province in 1995 which started to supply both the chinese and hong kong market . the brewery is one of the best quality carlsberg breweries in the world . 26 carlsberg invested around us 30m in its shanghai brewery and started production in 1998 . in 2000 carlsberg sold a majority stake in its shanghai brewery to tsingtao brewery . 27 carlsberg formerly had a brewery in tai po hong kong which was established in 1981 but shut it down in 1999 28 due to high costs . in 2003 carlsberg acquired the kunming brewery and the dali brewery in yunnan province . at the time the dali brewery was the largest beer brewery in yunnan . 29 in 2004 carlsberg became a major shareholder in lhasa brewery in the tibet autonomous region . at 3 700 metres above sea level lhasa brewery is believed to be the highest altitude brewery in the carlsberg group . 28 in 2008 carlsberg sold its remaining interest in the shanghai brewery to tsingtao brewery . 30 in august 2011 carlsberg announced a new joint venture with chongqing brewery and chongqing light textile holding . chongqing light textile holding is a major shareholder of chongqing brewery . the joint venture to be called chongqing xinghui investment co. ltd would operate twelve breweries in china in chongqing sichuan guangxi guizhou and hunan . chongqing brewery would contribute five breweries and chongqing light textile holding would contribute seven breweries to the joint venture . carlsberg would inject 160 million danish crowns about us 30.90 million and have a 30 % interest in the venture . 31 carlsberg india pvt. ltd. headquartered in gurgaon india is a foreign direct investment company formed to brew and market carlsberg beer in india . the company has also brought the tuborg and palone brands to india . palone is sold as a strong beer with 7.5 % alcohol by volume . strong beers dominate the indian market estimated in 2008 to total approximately 17 million hectolitres with over a 72 % share . carlsberg is available in most states of india with five operational breweries in alwar rajasthan aurangabad maharashtra both of which started in the summer of 2008 the former hacke beck brewery in paonta sahib himachal pradesh where brewing commenced in july 2007 kolkata west bengal opened in september 2009 patna brewery patna opened for brewing in 2014 dharuhera brewery opened on 7 may 2013 and hyderabad andhra pradesh opened in december 2010 . carlsberg india pvt. ltd. currently employs over 700 people and is headed by michael norgaard jensen managing director . 32 other asian brands brands include wusu northwest china and halida beer vietnam . carlsberg brewery malaysia berhad carlsberg malaysia was incorporated in december 1969 and began brewing carlsberg green label locally in 1972 . it is now located in petaling jaya selangor . since then the brand has become one of the leading beer brands with more than a 50 % share of the malaysian market . it manufactures and distribute beer stout and other beverages mainly in the domestic market and has investments in sri lanka singapore and in a malaysian alcoholic beverage company . brands under calrsberg malaysia include carlsberg green label carlsberg gold carlsberg special brew kronenbourg 1664 kronenbourg 1664 blanc asahi super dry somersby apple cider skol beer skol super beer danish royal stout corona extra jolly shandy lemon and as well as non alcoholic nutrimalt drink . in addition carlsberg malaysia through its subsidiaries has a wide range of imported international beer brands including hoegaarden stella artois budweiser grimbergen and beck s. 33 in january 2013 carlsberg announced the formation of a joint venture with the myanmar golden star mgs group to establish a beer production facility in the bago industrial zone about an hour s drive from yangon myanmar . carlsberg