bracket used on some firearms see picatinny rail . this article includes a list of references but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . september 2014 learn how and when to remove this template message picatinny arsenal type government owned industry firearms predecessor picatinny powder depot founded september 6 1880 1880 09 06 headquarters morris county new jersey united states area served north america products weapons gunpowder munitions military systems website http www.pica.army.mil the picatinny arsenal p k t ni or p k t ni is an american military research and manufacturing facility located on 6 400 acres 26 km2 of land in jefferson township and rockaway township in morris county new jersey united states encompassing picatinny lake and lake denmark . the arsenal is the headquarters of the united states army armament research development and engineering center . it is known for developing the ubiquitous picatinny rail as well as being the army s center of expertise for small arms cartridge ammunition . the facility was founded in 1880 as the picatinny powder depot . soon afterward the navy acquired a portion of the arsenal to establish the lake denmark powder depot later known as lake denmark naval ammunition depot . 1 it manufactured gunpowder until after world war i at which time the facility also began producing heavy munitions and grew more involved in research and development activities . during world war ii picatinny was a major large caliber round loading plant with 18 000 employees . today the facility develops new technologies for the us armed forces and builds various munitions weapons and armor systems . picatinny arsenal is also home to the us army explosive ordnance disposal technology directorate . this group is responsible for the creation of tools equipment and procedures for us army eod personnel . some of their more recent inventions was the use of weapons on a robot platform and the swords robot . their building has been recently renamed in honor of one of their deceased soldiers sfc scott smitty smith who was killed in iraq in july 2006 . contents 1 history 2 lake denmark powder depot 3 transportation 4 brac decision 5 see also 6 references 7 external links history edit prior to the american civil war gunpowder was stored by the united states army at various powder facilities throughout the eastern united states . many of these facilities were located in the south and were confiscated by the confederate states of america at the beginning of the war . the federal government began looking for a central storage depot to be located near the large cities of the northeast . the united states war department established the dover powder depot on september 6 1880 . four days later it changed the name to the picatinny powder depot . a deed dated june 26 1880 records the first land purchase for the future picatinny arsenal . george e. righter transferred 1 195.8 acres 4.839 km2 centered on lake picatinny to the united states government in return for 35 874.00 . this area afterwards known as the middle forge tract because of the forge located there during the revolutionary war became the central area of the arsenal . in 1880 and 1881 the government also purchased tracts from uel h. wiggins edward c. fiedler and other henry and michael doland and john e. kindred . these initial purchases including the middle forge tract covered 1 866.13 acres 7.5520 km2 and cost a total of 62 750.00 . at the same time the government gave 200.00 to lewis spicer and his wife for a 50 foot 15 m strip on which to construct a road from spicertown to the powder depot . in 1891 the army transferred 315 acres 1.27 km2 bordering lake denmark to the navy . the arsenal was located in a valley between two sets of hills that might shield the surrounding countryside from any accidental explosions . in 1907 the army altered the name to the picatinny arsenal and established its first powder factory on the site . while continuing to produce munitions the arsenal moved into research and development work with the start of a school to instruct officers in weaponry sciences in 1911 the establishment of testing and control laboratories during the world war i era and the beginning of a small experimental plant for the design and development of artillery ammunition in 1919 . in 1921 the arsenal took over responsibility for experimental work on fuzes . on july 10 1926 lightning struck a navy ammunition warehouse and started a fire . as a result several million pounds of explosives detonated over a period of two or three days . this left not only structural devastation but military and civilian casualties as well . 2 the value of ammunition destroyed was the equivalent of a billion dollars in present day terms . as a result of a full scale congressional investigation congress directed the establishment of the armed forces explosives safety board to provide oversight on every aspect of explosives under the control of the us armed forces . the review led to creation of a remote safe depot to serve the west coast which became the hawthorne naval ammunition depot in nevada opened in 1928 . the arsenal continued to realize its potential as a research and development facility in the years between the two world wars . major accomplishments of this period included better methods for storing smokeless powder improved processing of cyclonite more commonly called rdx and the discovery of a new explosive then known as haleite but later known as ednatol . the discoverer was george c. hale the arsenal s chief chemist . over the years the army continued to make small purchases to round out arsenal boundaries but the next major expansion came in 1941 just before the united states entered world war ii . at this time the army purchased the land between the cannon gates and the present main entrance near nj route 15 . this included spicertown an unincorporated village in rockaway township . spicertown had declined from a relatively thriving 19th century community of small but profitable farms to a rather depressed area in 1941 . many of the residences housed military families until the early 2000s decade ; the last were demolished in 2007 . near parker road is property acquired from the estate of john e. larson for 16 000.00 . the purchase price included 24 acres 97 000 m2 of land . another former spicertown property consisting of 12 acres 49 000 m2 cost the government 19 769.00 . property on the opposite side of parker road was acquired from helen jane larsen with 1.5 acres 6 100 m2 for 10 534.00 as well as the former home of clarence and agnes burdette constructed around 1919 . at the time the government appraiser praised the landscaping and the grassy knoll location . world war ii interfered with the arsenal s efforts to concentrate on research and development . as one of the few facilities with the ability to manufacture munitions it employed 18 000 people and ran three shifts turning out bombs and artillery shells . however it still had its research triumphs especially the development of a delay fuze for skip bombing and special bombs for dams and oil fields . it also pioneered production processes later transferred to munitions manufacturers around the country . in the 1960s picatinny was the site of the united states army munitions command . after world war ii picatinny refocused its efforts on developing new weapons and munitions . its support to the american forces in korea included an improved bazooka and an illuminating rifle grenade . in periods of peace the arsenal made important contributions to progress in the areas of radar pyrotechnics missiles time fuzes and nuclear munitions including the m65 atomic cannon 280mm howitzer known as atomic annie . when war broke out again it gave troops in vietnam a complete family of 40 mm ammunition for grenade launchers and helicopter gunships . in 1977 the army recognized picatinny s leadership in weapons and munitions development by headquartering its armament research and development command arradcom at the arsenal and giving it responsibility for developing small caliber weapons and munitions . in 1983 the army disestablished the armament research and development command and picatinny became the home of the armament research and development center ardc . in 1986 the name again changed to the armament research development and engineering center ardec . in 1991 during the persian gulf war picatinny arsenal provided support in their development of the patriot missile warhead that was used as a countermeasure to the iraqi scud missile . in 2007 picatinny arsenal s largest tenant ardec received the malcolm baldrige national quality award . in 2014 picatinny arsenal obtained its first all female command pairing with lt. col. ingrid parker and sgt. maj. rosalba dumont carrion . 3 lake denmark powder depot edit officers quarters lake denmark july 1926 in 1891 the navy acquired 317 acres 1.28 km2 of the arsenal to establish the lake denmark powder depot later known as the lake denmark naval ammunition depot . on july 10 1926 lightning struck one of the explosives storage structures during a thunderstorm and started a fire . as a result several million pounds of explosives detonated over a period of two or three days . captain otto dowling usn was in charge at the time and received a distinguished service cross for his handling of the situation . 4 this caused 47 000 000 in damage massive structural devastation 187 of 200 buildings destroyed and military and civilian casualties . 5 6 7 as a result of a full scale congressional investigation congress directed the establishment of the armed forces explosives safety board to provide oversight on every aspect of explosives under the control of the us armed forces . in 1960 the army resumed control of land it had given the navy bringing the installation to its current size and shape . transportation edit the primary transportation in the early days of the arsenal was by rail . the early wharton & northern railroad succeeded by the jersey central was laid from wharton to green pond through the heart of the valley in which picatinny arsenal now resides . this line connected the various railroads serving the wharton area with the new york susquehanna & western railroad at green pond . picatinny maintained as much as 49 miles 79 km of its own narrow and standard gauge picatinny arsenal railroad to service its many transportation needs fuel raw materials ammunition etc. for almost every manufacturing and warehouse building . today rail service through the arsenal is just a memory with only a disused stub line into the arsenal and scattered traces of the once busy narrow gauge railway . some of the remaining track has been covered with macadam and turned into pedestrian walking paths . brac decision edit a 215 foot grey metal tower is used for munitions testing and weather research by picatinny arsenal precision armaments laboratory . base realignment and closure 2005 directed the department of defense to establish picatinny as the dod specialty site for guns and ammunition and to relocate navy technical experts to picatinny . it recommended creation of an integrated weapons and armament specialty site for guns and ammunition at picatinny arsenal consolidation of the following facilities at picatinny arsenal adelphi laboratory center in maryland naval surface warfare center division at crane indiana including the fallbrook california detachment naval surface warfare center division dahlgren virginia louisville kentucky detachment of naval surface warfare center division port hueneme california naval air warfare center weapons division china lake california naval surface warfare center division indian head maryland naval surface warfare center division earle new jersey