drinking flasks
local infiltration analgesia a technique to improve outcomes after hip knee or lumbar spine surgery
p the concept of integrating pain management into the surgical process as a single entity is new and exciting . the use of local anaesthetic to block post operative pain at the site of its generation is here refined into a management program allowing early mobilisation and dramatic pain control in the early post operative period . this multimodal technique is demonstrated here with application to lower limb arthroplasty and spinal surgery . this is not only a detailed explanation and instruction in the technique and concept but a historical perspective on its development and will be of great interest to all orthopaedic surgeons as well as anaesthetists . p using easy to understand terminology this text covers ul li lia methods li li pre and postoperative management li li how to select a needle injection location li li the benefits of combining the lia technique with the drugs naropin marcain and xylocaine li ul p color images throughout the text highlight the advantages of lia including p avoidance of sedation br simple execution for physicians br reduced risk of infection and blood clots br little physiological disturbance br earlier patient discharge and return to the workforce br improved patient performance outlook and mobility br fewer medical expenses