cardboard stand ups
graphical rational patterns a new approach to graphical presentation of statistics
p in this book an attempt is made to evaluate the adequacy of common diagrammatical cartographical and other graphical methods in order to represent in a scientific manner the various types of statistical data of which graphical presentation may be sought . p in regard to many important types of data such as contingency tables correlation tables other double entry tables and various geographical statistical distributions common graphical methods seem to be inadequate . a new device the graphical rational patterns grp which appears to be of considerable help in graphical presentation of such data is therefore introduced . single grp enable the representation of any integer 10 a by a pattern formed by u unitary marks of area a which indicate the units and by t marks of area 10a which indicate the tens . as these patterns require very little space and are enclosed within small square frames they allow extremely simple representation of any double entry table . such single patterns can be used too to indicate on a geographical map that a varue n is to be attached to a given area or a given line isoline line of traffic flow etc. . by the means of grp it is possible to solve rationally many problems connected with the construction of a geographical statistical map . p the use of grp also allows rearrangement at will of the various elements of the graph without changing the entire graph for instance individual grp or columns or lines of grp can be removed and their order changed . the book illustrates possibilities of making alternative comparisons of data ; of examining alternative hypotheses or relationships between data represented ; of discovering lags and leads ; and following up cohorts in the course of time etc. grp graphs may be prepared quickly by anyone by the use of preprinted patterns prepared on adhesive paper . p examples of applications have been taken from different fields official national and international statistics demography economics sociology geography anthropology meteorology business administration teaching of statistical methods etc.