party supply sets
party discipline and parliamentary politics
one of the chief tasks facing political leaders is to build and maintain unity within their parties . this 2009 text examines the relationship between party leaders and members of parliament in britain canada australia and new zealand showing how the two sides interact and sometimes clash . christopher j. kam demonstrates how incentives for mps to dissent from their parties have been amplified by a process of partisan dealignment that has created electorates of non partisan voters who reward shows of political independence . party leaders therefore rely on a mixture of strategies to offset these electoral pressures from offering mps advancement to threatening discipline and ultimately relying on a long run process of socialization to temper their mps dissension . kam reveals the underlying structure of party unity in modern westminster parliamentary politics and drives home the point that social norms and socialization reinforce rather than displace appeals to mps self interest .