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a thorough study of quotation within ancient and modern literatures is the background for this new approach to alleged quotations within the prophetic writings . the common claim that specific verbal parallels result from the conscious repetition of the words of a predecessor is beset by difficulties . after examining quotation in non prophetic ancient near eastern early jewish old testament wisdom and narrative and modern western literatures schultz proposes a new model for interpreting verbal parallels that utilizes several criteria for identifying quotation and combines diachronic with synchronic analysis . he then applies this model to five representative verbal parallels involving the book of isaiah . this book illustrates how an awareness of the versatility of quotation facilitates a more accurate interpretation of verbal parallels and at the same time calls for greater caution in employing them in support of various theories .