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Introduction to Database and Knowledge-Base Systems

by S Krishna

ISBN-10: 9810206194

ISBN-13: 9789810206192

Pub. Date: 03/28/1992

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company, Incorporated

This book provides a comprehensive yet concise coverage of the concepts and technology of database systems and their evolution into knowledge bases. The traditional material on database systems at senior undergraduate level is covered. An understanding of concepts is emphasized avoiding extremes in formalism or detail.

Rather than be restricted to a single example

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Overview
Product Details
Related Subjects
Table of Contents

Overview

Rather than be restricted to a single example used over an entire book, a variety of examples are used. These enable the reader to understand the basic abstractions which underlie description of many practical situations.

A major portion of the book concerns database system technology with focus on the relational model. Various topics are discussed in detail, preparing the ground for more advanced work.

Product Details

ISBN-13:: 9789810206192
Publisher:: World Scientific Publishing Company, Incorporated
Publication date:: 03/28/1992
Series:: World Scientific Series In Computer Science Series
Pages:: 344

Related Subjects

Chapter 1	Preliminaries and Overview	1
1.1	Introduction	1
1.2	The Database Environment	3
1.3	Architecture of Database Systems	5
1.4	Data Models	6
1.4.1	Entity Relationship Model	7
1.4.2	Database Languages	9
1.5	Structuring Database Systems	11
1.5.1	Functional Architecture	11
1.5.2	The Client-Server Architecture	13
1.5.3	Personal Computer Database Systems	15
1.5.4	Online Transaction Processing Systems	16
1.6	From Databases to Knowledge-Bases	18
1.7	Summary	19
	Exercises	20
	Bibliographic Notes and References	21
Chapter 2	The Relational Model	23
2.1	The Relational Data Model	23
2.1.1	ER Model and Relational Model	27
2.2	Integrity Rules	29
2.3	Functional Dependency	30
2.4	Normal Forms for Relations	32
2.4.1	First Three Normal Forms	32
2.4.2	Boyce-Codd Normal Form	38
2.5	Summary	39
	Exercises	39
	Bibliographic Notes and References	41
Chapter 3	Relational Operations and Further Normalization	43
3.1	Relational Algebra Operators	44
3.1.1	Basic Operators	44
3.1.2	Derived Operators	46
3.2	Relational Calculus	48
3.3	Multivalued Dependencies	50
3.4	The Fourth Normal Form	55
3.5	Lossless Join Decomposition	56
3.6	Join Dependency	61
3.6.1	The Fifth Normal Form	62
3.7	Summary	62
	Exercises	63
	Bibliographic Notes and References	65
Chapter 4	Relational Database Languages and Systems	67
4.1	SQL	68
4.1.1	Operations on Single Tables	71
4.1.2	Queries Involving more than One Table	72
4.1.3	Nested Queries	73
4.1.4	Aggregate Functions	76
4.1.5	Other Operations	77
4.1.6	Shortcomings of SQL	79
4.2	QUEL	80
4.2.1	Aggregate Operations	84
4.2.2	Other Operations	85
4.3	Query-By-Example	86
4.3.1	Aggregate Operators	89
4.3.2	Other Operations	89
4.3.3	Recursive Queries	90
4.4	Criteria for Evaluating Relational Database Systems	91
4.5	Summary	97
	Exercises	97
	Bibliographic Notes and References	99
Chapter 5	Hierarchical and Network Models	101
5.1	The Hierarchical Data Model	103
5.1.1	Translating Entity-Relationship Representations	104
5.1.2	Logical Relationships	104
5.1.3	Database Definition	107
5.2	Hierarchical Data Manipulation	107
5.3	The Network Model	111
5.3.1	From Hierarchy to Network	111
5.3.2	Background	111
5.3.3	Network Model Data Structures	113
5.3.4	The DBTG Set	115
5.3.5	Data Definition Language	116
5.4	Network Data Manipulation	118
5.5	Conclusion	125
5.6	Summary	126
	Exercises	126
	Bibliographic Notes and References	128
Chapter 6	Physical Data Organization	131
6.1	Basic Concepts	131
6.1.1	Addressing	134
6.1.2	Performance Measures	135
6.2	Heap Storage	136
6.3	Indexed Sequential Organization	137
6.3.1	Multi-level Indexes	141
6.3.2	Tree Structures	142
6.4	The B-Tree Organization	145
6.4.1	B+trees	153
6.5	Hashed Files	153
6.5.1	Basic Hashing Scheme	154
6.5.2	Problems with the Basic Scheme	157
6.6	Extendible Hashing	158
6.7	Linear Hashing	163
6.8	Multi-key Organizations	166
6.9	Grid Files	168
6.10	Partitioned Hash Functions	170
6.11	Summary	172
	Exercises	173
	Bibliographic Notes and References	175
Chapter 7	Elements of Database Design	177
7.1	Requirement Analysis	179
7.2	Conceptual Modeling	180
7.2.1	The Extended Entity-Relationship Model	181
7.2.2	Conceptual Representation with the EER Model	183
7.3	Data Modeling	187
7.4	Transaction Analysis	188
7.5	Database Performance	189
7.5.1	Tools for Physical Database Design	192
7.6	Summary	194
	Exercises	194
	Bibliographic Notes and References	195
Chapter 8	Protection and Preservation of Databases	197
8.1	Transactions	197
8.2	Integrity Control	199
8.2.1	Integrity Constraints	201
8.2.2	Integrity Constraints in SQL	204
8.2.3	Integrity Features in INGRES	206
8.3	Security	207
8.3.1	Views	210
8.3.2	View Definition and Authorization in SQL	211
8.3.3	Security Features in INGRES	214
8.4	Database Recovery	216
8.4.1	Log-based Recovery Schemes	218
8.4.2	Shadow Paging	223
8.5	Summary	224
	Exercises	224
	Bibliographic Notes and References	226
Chapter 9	Concurrency Control	229
9.1	Transactions and Serializability	230
9.2	Concurrency Control through Locking	236
9.2.1	Deadlocks	238
9.2.2	Avoiding Deadlocks	241
9.2.3	Deadlock Detection and Resolution	243
9.2.4	Locking Modes	244
9.3	Timestamping	245
9.4	Summary	248
	Exercises	249
	Bibliographic Notes and References	250
Chapter 10	Distributed Database Systems	253
10.1	Features of Distributed Database Systems	254
10.2	Structuring Distributed Databases	256
10.3	Query Optimization	258
10.3.1	Semijoin Programs	261
10.4	Concurrency Control	263
10.4.1	Concurrency Control based on Locking	263
10.4.2	Handling Deadlocks	265
10.4.3	Timestamping	267
10.5	Recovery	267
10.5.1	Two-phase Commit Protocol	269
10.6	Implementations	270
10.7	Summary	270
	Exercises	271
	Bibliographic Notes and References	272
Chapter 11	Deductive Databases	275
11.1	Introduction	275
11.1.1	Structure	276
11.1.2	Architecture	277
11.2	Basic Elements	277
11.3	Database Systems and Prolog	280
11.3.1	Inference and Query Processing in Prolog	280
11.3.2	Prolog for Database Queries	282
11.3.3	Limitations of Prolog for Database Usage	285
11.4	Datalog	286
11.5	Query Processing Strategies	287
11.5.1	Recursive Query Processing	288
11.5.2	Naive Evaluation	289
11.5.3	Semi-Naive Evaluation	290
11.5.4	Magic Sets	291
11.6	Implementations	296
11.7	Summary	296
	Exercises	297
	Bibliographic Notes and References	298
Chapter 12	Object-Oriented Database Systems	301
12.1	Introduction	301
12.2	Object-Oriented Programming Languages	303
12.3	Features of Object-Oriented Database Systems	306
12.4	Querying Object-Oriented Databases	313
12.5	Implementations	316
12.6	Summary	317
	Bibliographic Notes and References	317
	Index	321

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