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0) Administrative
- hw: come to next class with questions for the review
- A4/exam questions?

Assignment 3 back: show sample solution, talk about common issues
- no laundry list of data members
- no methods for days: use helpers
- no static: more than one copy should be able to run (setup not in main)
- don't import something and then use the explicit pathname
- use parameters AND return values to pass info b/w classes
- DON'T use them too pass info within a class
- put functionality in the class closest to the data (pickup, move, print)
- take common things out of conditionals and combine similar methods (shorten)

1) Last time- exercises with Strings and exceptions
- we'll go over answers next time as part of exam review
- chapter 8 quiz

2) Go over file I/O in groups

3) Highlights

	A. Printing- how can you pass print() a String, char, or int?
		- overloaded method that takes any primitive type

	   What happens if you pass an object in there?
		Volunteer vol = new Volunteer(...);
		S.o.p(vol);  ->  "Volunteer@13fac"  (internal storage info)

		Point p = new Point(1,2);
		S.o.p(p);  ->  "Point[1,2]"   (something more useful)

	   Why the difference?
		- every class has a default method toString() by inheritance
		- when you print it, this gets called, and returns a String
		- the default version returns this internal storage info
		- if you define a new one, it overrides the default
		- Point class has done this: what must it look like?
			public String toString() {
				return "Point[" + x + "," + y + "]";
			}
		- you could make one for Volunteer if you wanted

	B. What are the three classes involved in console input?
		InputStream (System.in) - represents the connection
		InputStreamReader - gets characters
		BufferedReader - gets whole lines

	   What about in console output?
		PrintStream (System.out) - has print and println methods
		System.err is another; it's for errors (often same as System.out)

	   How did we get them?
		- System class is included automatically in the program
		- it has these data members:
			public static InputStream in = new ...
			public static PrintStream out = new ...
		- your code can get to them like any public static data member

	C. File input is parallel to console input
		File - represents the file
		FileReader - gets characters
		BufferedReader - gets whole lines

		File file = new File("/etc/passwd");
		BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
		String line = buf.readLine();
		while (line != null) {
			// do something nefarious
			line = buf.readLine();
		}
		buf.close();

		- reads each line, returns null when none are left
		- making the reader could cause a FileNotFoundException
		- the readLine() could cause an IOException (both are checked)
		- could also just use the filename instead of a File object

	D. File output is similar to console output, but you have to make your
	   own writer object because "out" only works for the console
		FileWriter - connects to the file
		PrintWriter - has the print and println methods

		PrintWriter p = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("f", false), true);
		- the string is the filename
		- first boolean is whether data is appended (T) or overwritten (F)
		- second boolean is whether data is flushed on println

		pw.print(...);	// Doesn't go right away
		pw.println(...);	// Goes right away if set to do so
		pw.flush();		// Force things to go
		pw.close();		// Final flush and close connection

	E. StringTokenizer- helps to read files with specified input formats
		- breaks up a line into "tokens" around "delimiters"

			Gandalf:grey:Saruman:white:Radagast:brown

		- set up file reading as before, make a tokenizer for each line

			String line = buf.readLine();
			while (line != null) {
				StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(line, ":");
				while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
					makeWizard(st.nextToken(), st.nextToken());
				}
				line = buf.readLine();
			}

		- it's a lot like an iterator
		- makes string processing easier, but you could do it all yourself

4) Exercises

	A. Copy one file into another
		- you write this, then we go over it

5) Summary
- printing and toString() methods
- file I/O and parallels with console I/O
- StringTokenizer

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