Applet: Java program that runs within a web browser

Application: stand-alone Java program in Java

Javadoc: utility to turn commented classes into API pages

Source file: program written in Java

Bytecode file: compiled version of program

Execution errors: errors the interpreter finds when running programs

Compilation errors: errors the compiler finds—usually syntax errors

Logical errors: errors due to logical, not programming, mistakes

Object-oriented programming: programming using classes and objects

Object: container for data and methods

Class: definition for a type of object

Instance: object of a class

Instantiable class: class from which you can make an object

Non-instantiable class: class from which you can only use static members

Constructor: special “method” to initialize data members

Reserved word this: special reference to the object in which it's written

Standard classes: predefined classes that come with Java

Package: group of Java standard classes

Import statement: allows use of standard classes w/o using full names

Reserved word new: operation used with constructors to create objects

Reserved word null: reserved word for an empty reference

Garbage collection: automatic deletion of objects without references

Dot notation: accessing a member of an object using a “.”

Sending a message to an object: calling a method of an object

Method: named sequence of instructions in a class

Class method: method defined for a class as a whole (static)

Instance method: method defined for each individual object

Argument: value passed to a method

Pass-by-value: value of argument gets assigned into parameter

Method composition: using a method call as an argument to a method

Value-returning method: passes back (returns) a value to where it's called

Reserved word void: return type of a non-value-returning method

Accessor: method that returns information from an object

Mutator: method that changes information in an object

Overloaded methods: multiple ones with same name, different parameters

Data member / instance variable: named piece of information in a class

Class data member: data that every object of the class shares (static)

Instance data member: data for which every object has its own value

Variable: identifier that holds a changeable value

Named constant: identifier that holds a fixed value (final)

Literal constant: actual number (125, 10L, 6.5, 3.14159F)

Identifier: name of a class, object, method, variable, constant

Reserved word: identifier claimed in Java for a specific purpose

Local variable: variable declared within a method

Variable scope: variable lifetime—same as level of its declaration

Inheritance: when classes inherit members from other classes

Superclass: the parent class from which things are inherited

Subclass: the class that inherits things from the parent

Software life cycle: sequence of stages to developing a program

Analysis phase: defining the problem and analyzing solutions

Design phase: designing the classes for the program

Coding phase: writing the code

Testing phase: testing and debugging the code

Operation phase: using and maintaining the software

Class declaration: definition of a class (header and members)

Method declaration: definition of a method (header and body)

Identifier declaration: announcement of an identifier and its type

Primitive data types: types that are not classes

Reference data types: types that are classes

Numerical data types: byte, short, int, long, float, double (all primitive)

Precision: range of values in a numerical data type

Exponential notation: scientific notation for doubles (12.4e209)

Initialization: assigning an initial value to an identifier

Assignment statement: code that puts a value into a variable

Expression: code that could be evaluated into a single value

Arithmetic expression: expression involving arithmetic operators, operands

Arithmetic operator: + - * / %

Arithmetic operand: any value on which an arithmetic operator operates

Binary operator: requires two operands (minus, times)

Unary operator: requires one operand (negative sign)

Integer division: division of two ints—cuts off the remainder

Operator precedence: order in which operators are applied

Concatenation: creating a new String by combining two others (+)

Operator overloading: using one symbol for several operations (like +)

Casting: explicitly converting one type to a similar one

Type conversion: explicitly converting dissimilar types (String, int)

Numeric promotion: automatic casting of an operand in an expression

Assignment conversion: automatic casting of an assigned value

Wrapper classes: wrappers for primitive types (Integer, Double)

Standard output: window that System output goes to

Standard input: window that System input comes from

Exception: a special kind of error that readLine() can cause

Visibility modifier: says who can access data/methods (public, private)

Outside methods: methods outside class—can't access private members