relational operator
an operator that expresses a relationship between two expressions

boolean expression
an expression that evaulates to either true or false

boolean operator
an operator that maps boolean operands to a boolean value

logical operator
boolean operator

short-circuit evaluation
halting the evaluation of a boolean expression as soon as the answer is known

divide-by-zero error
the error caused when an expression uses zero as the divisor

arithmetic exception
an exception caused by performing an illegal arithmetic operation

defensive programming
preemptively handling unexpected situations to avoid errors

flag
a variable that trakcs program settings or user preferences

sequential execution
execution of programs in sequence, from top to bottom of the main class

control statement
statement that alters the default sequential execution of a program

selection statement
a statement that executes one branch of a set of alternatives

branching statement
selection statement

nested-if statement
an if statement within the then or else block of another if statement

dangling else problem
a problem that occurs when the programmer forgets that the Java compiler ignores indentation and matches an else with the most recent unmatched if