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E. LOC's to the South 28
 F. Destruction of Transport Equipment 29
 IV. Changes in Transport Requirements
 and Patterns 33
 A. Changing Requirements 33
 B. Changes in Imports and Exports 34
 C. Changes in Domestic Requirements 35
 D. Haiphong Port 36
 1. Increase in Imports 36
 2. Port Congestion 36
 V. The Logistics Burden of the Transport
 System 41
 A. Area South of the Red River 41
 B. The DMZ Area 46
 C. Laos and South Vietnam 46
 1. Laos Panhandle 47
 2. Northern Laos 47
 3. South Vietnam 47
 VI. Countermeasures to Attacks on LOC's 49
 A. Bypasses 49
 1. Type and Number 49
 2. Rate of Repair 51
 B. "Hardening" of LOC's 54
 1. Dong Dang Rail Line 54
 2. Haiphong Area 61
 3. Kep - Thai Nguyen - Hanoi
 Rail Line 62
 4. Lao Cai Rail Line 63
 5. Presence of Chinese Engineering
 Troops South of Hanoi 64
 C. Countermeasures in the South 64
 1. Route 7 64
 2. Route 137 64

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