Ve^` chuye^.n bo^`i thu+o+`ng chie^'n tranh cu?a Nha^.t (fwd)

[AnHai Doan <anhai@cs.washington.edu>]

Hi all, several weeks ago there were some discussions on VNSA about 
Japanese war compensation. This discusion spilled over into VKS.
At the time I didn't forward any materials back to VNSA because
both VNSA and VKS discussions died suddenly afterward. Now that you guys
rekindled this discussion, below is the posting that basically sums up 
the VKS discussion. I'm sorry this one is in Vietnamese.  Hai.

>From VKS:
From: Nguyen Tien Luc 

>  Ve van de boi thuong cua Nhat Ban cho VN lien quan den nhung ton that do 
NB gay ra cho VN trong chien tranh the gioi lan thu 2 la mot van de het suc 
phuc tap. Mac dau tu khi den Nhat, toi da quan tam den van de nay, da tap hop 
tu lieu roi, nhung suy di nghi lai chua the cong bo mot luan van ve van de 
nay vao thoi diem nay duoc, nen danh gac lai. Nam 1995, co mot dong nghiep 
cua toi den NB, toi co goi y la nen viet ve van de nay, vi dong nghiep toi 
hien NC trong nuoc, co dieu kien an noi de dang hon. Da co mot bai cong bo ve 
van de nay tren Nghien cuu lich su, song tu lieu con qua it.

>   Van de boi thuong chien tranh va duoc thuc hien trong lich su. Tuy nhien 
>chang co van ban phap luat nao quy dinh ro ve van de nay. Sau khi ket thuc 
>chien tranh, trong cac Hiep dinh ky ket thuong co van ban ve "dong gop kien 
>thiet lai sau chien tranh" trong do quy dinh nuoc thua tran phai co trach 
>nhiep dong gop han gan vet thuong chien tranh. Do la ngon tu ngoai giao. Con 
>ban chat thuc cua no la : Ma`y thua tao, ma`y pha?i de^`n cho tao !
>   Sau chien tranh TG II, My chiem dong Nhat Ban. Nam 1951, Nhat Ban ky Hiep 
>uoc ca^`u ho`a San Fransisco, trong do cam ket se boi thuong chien tranh ma 
>NB chiem dong trong thoi ky CT TG II. 
>   Trong cac hiep uoc boi thuong chien tranh ma NB ky voi cac nuoc, Hiep uoc 
>boi thuong chien tranh Nhat- VNCH (Mien Nam) gay ra su phan doi kich liet 
>trong du luan, ke cac o Nhat. Bat chap dieu tren, Hiep uoc van ky ket o Sai 
>Gon vao ngay 2-3/5/1959. Theo Hiep uoc, Nhat Ban:
>  1) Boi thuong chien tranh cho VN (VNCH dai dien) 39 trieu USD, trong vong 
5 nam. Chu yeu xay dung Thuy dien Da-nhim va phattrien cong nghiep do thi.
>  2) Cho vay khong hoan 7,5 trieu USD.
>  3) Vien tro phat trien 9,1 trieu USD.
>   Mac dau tu ngu khac nhau nhung do la so tien boi thuong chien tranh ma NB 
>chi tra cho VN. 
>   Nhung Hiep uoc nay khong hop phap vi:
>  1) Theo quy dinh cua Hiep dinh Geneve, Chinh quyen VNCH chi la Chinh quyen 
>tam thoi, quan ly mien Nam thuc hien thong nhat dat nuoc, khong dai dien cho 
>VN de thuong thuyet cac van de quan trong quoc te, dac biet la van de boi 
>thuong chien tranh. 
>  2) Boi thuong chien tranh la de han gan vet thuong chien tranh. Trong thoi 
>gian chiem dong, NB gay ra toi ac cho phan phia Bac VN la chu yeu, nen khong 
>the khong boi thuong cho mien Bac. Phan phia Nam hau nhu khong co ton that 
gi nang ne.
>  3) Chinh quyen tiep nhan su dau hang cua Nhat la chinh quyen Ho Chi Minh, 
>khong the thuong thuyet boi thuong chien tranh ma khong co mat cua chinh 
>quyen do. 
>  4) Boi thuong chien tranh la de phan tinh (tu kiem diem ) va xin loi nhan 
>dan nuoc bi hai, Hiep uoc NB-VNCH khong dat duoc van de tren, hon nua tang 
>cuong pha hoai qua trinh thuong thuyet hoa binh Bac-Nam de thong nhat VN, 
>tang them ngon lua cho chien tranh VN.
>   Vao thoi do chinh quyen Kishi cua NB nap duoi cai o cua MY, My dang dinh 
>liu vao VN nen hoan toan di theo lenh My, mac dau khong phai khong biet tinh 
>chat bat hop phap cua Hiep uoc do.
>   Tuy nhien tinh phuc tap cua van de boi thuong cua NB cho VN la o cho, sau 
>nam 1975, chinh quyen cua VN thong nhat la chinh quyen thua ke chinh quyen 
>VNDCCH, ma VNDCCH la nguoi tu dau phan doi, coi Hiep dinh do la phi phap. 
Nhu vay khong the noi la NB da giai quyet xong van de boi thuong cho chien 
tranh o VN.
>   Tu cuoi nhung nam 1980, NB da co nhung khoan vien tro cho VN ma duoc hieu 
>la "boi thuong". Tuy vay van khong the coi la giai quyet can ban. Van de la 
o cho, VN bay gio dang tranh su vien tro cua Nhat de phat trien kinh te, chua 
>phai luc neu ra van de nay.
>   Gan day van de "2 trieu nguoi chet doi" duoc neu ra. Do cung se la van de 
>cho cac cuoc thuong thuyet boi thuong trong tuong lai. Nhung, nhu da noi o 
>tren, VN dang kiem che vi "chua phai luc noi toi van de do" (chi thinh 
thoang nhac lai de dung quen ma thoi).
>   Ngoai giao phan anh thuc luc trong nuoc, suc manh quoc gia. Xin hay phat 
>trien kinh te di da, nhng van de qua khu se duoc giai quyet tuy theo suc 
manh cua chung ta trong tuong lai. 
>