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Tho^'ng ke^ truye^.n Kie^`u, Chinh Phu. & Cung Oa'n



Cha`o ca'c ba'c, 

	Ma^'y ho^m nay to^i to` mo` la`m va`i ba?ng tho^'ng ke^ so 
sa'nh giu+~a ca'c truye^.n Kie^`u, Cung Oa'n Nga^m Khu'c [CONK] 
va` Chinh Phu. Nga^m Khu'c [CPNK] ve^` ca'c frequency trong 
du`ng chu+~. Co' va`i ddie^`u interesting ma` to^i muo^'n ca'c 
ba'c discuss the^m, gia?i thi'ch ta.i sao, vv. 

	Tru+o+'c he^'t no'i ve^` da^'u. Ca? ba truye^.n du`ng 
thanh ba(`ng [kho^ng da^'u va` da^'u huye^`n] nhie^`u ho+n thanh 
tra('c. Tuy nhie^n, Kie^`u du`ng thanh ba(`ng dde^'n 59.8%, cao 
ho+n CPNK va` CONK [57%].

	No'i chung, ngoa`i ca'c chu+~ kho^ng da^'u ddu+o+.c du`ng 
nhie^`u nha^'t [khoa?ng mo^.t pha^`n ba], to^i tha^'y ca? ba 
truye^.n dde^`u du`ng chu+~ co' huye^`n tu+o+ng ddo^'i nhie^`u 
[27.4% trong Kie^`u, 22.9% trong CONK va` 24.2% trong CPNK]. 
Nhu+ ca'c ba.n tha^'y, so vo+'i CONK va` CONK thi` cu. Nguye^~n 
du`ng chu+~ da^'u huye^`n kha' nhie^`u [Xem ba?ng so^' 1]. 

	Cha('c dde^? bu` la.i ca'i excess chu+~ da^'u huye^`n, Cu. 
Nguye^~n du`ng ho+i i't chu+~ da^'u sa('c [17.7%] ho+n so vo+'i 
CONK va` CPNK [khoa?ng 20%]. 

	Tuy nhie^n, CPNK co' nhie^`u chu+~ da^'u ho?i [7.5%] ho+n 
Kie^`u [6%] va` CONK [6.5%].

	Mo^.t ca^u ho?i ddu+o+.c dda(.t ra la` ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng 
frequency na`y co' pha?i la` nga^~u nhie^n hay la` co' mo^.t 
su+. cho.n lu+.a [preference] na`o ddo' kho^ng? Gia? su+? la` 
ca'ch cho.n chu+~ kho^ng co' preference gi` ca? ma` chi? la` 
nga^~u nhie^n thi` su+. pha^n bo^' ca'c da^'u se~ ra sao ? To^i 
dda~ ti'nh thu+? du+o+'i gia? thuye^'t na`y va` ba?ng so^' 2 sau 
dda^y tri`nh ba`y ca'i "expected" frequency cho tu+`ng truye^.n 
va` tu+`ng da^'u. DDe^? y' nhu+~ng cho^~ co' da^'u * dde^? chi? 
ra ca'i khoa?ng ca'ch giu+~a observed (N) va` expected 
frequency. Theo nhu+ ba?ng pha^n ti'ch na`y, thi` cu. Nguye^~n 
co' khuynh hu+o+'ng du`ng chu+~ da^'u huye^`n nhie^`u ho+n 
dde^'n ho+n 200 chu+~ [difference between 6232 va` 6070). 
Ngu+o+.c la.i, CONK va` CONk du`ng chu+~ da^'u huye^`n i't ho+n 
la` expected.

	Co`n no'i ve^` length cu?a chu+~ thi` trung bi`nh ca? 
ba Truye^.n dde^`u du`ng chu+~ khoa?ng 4 letters. Tuy nhie^n, 
CPNK co' xu hu+o+'ng du`ng chu+~ da`i ho+n; ga^`n mo^.t 
pha^`n ba cu?a CPNK du`ng to+'i chu+~ co' 5 letters hoa(.c 
ho+n, so vo+'i 26.2% trong Kie^`u va` 26.9% trong CONK.

	Co' mo^.t ddie^`u ma` to^i cho la` ly' thu' la` ddo^. 
da`i cu?a chu+~ co' ve? tu`y thuo^.c va`o da^'u cu?a chu+~. 
Cha(?ng ha.n nhu+ ba?ng du+o+'i dda^y cho tha^'y la` nhu+~ng 
chu+~ mang da^'u huye^`n, sa('c va` na(.ng co' ddo^. da`i 
ho+n [trung bi`nh la` >4 letters] ca'c chu+~ kho^ng da^'u hay 
mang da^'u ho?i va` nga~. 

	Ba?ng so sa'nh na`y cu~ng chi? ra la` CPNK du`ng chu+~ 
da`i ho+n, chu? ye^'u la` do du`ng nhie^`u chu+~ co' da^'u 
sa('c va` ho?i. 

	Tho^i, bao nhie^u ddo' cho tua^`n na`y. Ho^m na`o co' di.p 
se~ ba`n tie^'p va`i dda(.c ddie^?m kha'c.

	Xin ca'c ba'c ba`n the^m .

	Nguye^~n V Tua^'n


Ba?ng 1: Pha^n bo^' ve^` chu+~ co' da^'u va` kho^ng da^'u
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chu+~                     Kie^`u         CONK           CPNK
va` da^'u                 N     %       N      %       N     %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chu+~ kho^ng da^'u      7394 (32.5)    853 (34.2)     945 (32.8)
Chu+~ da^'u `           6232 (27.4)    572 (22.9)     699 (24.2)
Chu+~ da^'u '           4025 (17.7)    496 (20.0)     585 (20.3)
Chu+~ da^'u .           2507 (11.0)    277 (11.2)     280 ( 9.7)
Chu+~ da^'u ?           1378 ( 6.0)    162 ( 6.5)     215 ( 7.5)
Chu+~ da^'u ~           1242 ( 5.4)    132 ( 5.3)     160 ( 5.5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
To^?ng co^.ng         22,778  (100)   2492 (100)     2884 (100)


Ba?ng 2: Observed (N) va` Expected pha^n bo^' ca'c chu+~ 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chu+~                   Kie^`u            CONK                  CPNK
va` da^'u             N     Expected     N    Expected     N     Expected
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chu+~ kho^ng da^'u      7394 (7437)      853 (813)         945 (942)
Chu+~ da^'u `           6232 (6070)*     572 (664)*        699 (768)*
Chu+~ da^'u '           4025 (4131)      496 (451)         585 (523)*
Chu+~ da^'u .           2507 (2478)      277 (271)         280 (314) 
Chu+~ da^'u ?           1378 (1420)      162 (155)         215 (180)*
Chu+~ da^'u ~           1242 (1241)      132 (135)         160 (157) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


Ba?ng 3: Pha^n bo^' ve^` ddo^. da`i cu?a chu+~ 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Length                   Kie^`u           CONK          CPNK
cu?a chu+~               N      %        N    %        N     %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chu+~ 1 letter            59 ( 0.3      11 ( 0.4)       9 ( 0.3)
Chu+~ 2 letters         2029 ( 8.9)    246 ( 9.9)     192 ( 6.7)
Chu+~ 3 letters         6507 (28.6)    673 (27.0)     784 (27.2)
Chu+~ 4 letters         8231 (36.1)    893 (35.8)     972 (33.7)
Chu+~ 5 letters         3796 (16.7)    408 (16.4)     560 (19.4)
Chu+~ 6 letters         1147 ( 5.0)    161 ( 6.5)     193 ( 6.7)
Chu+~ 7 letters          925 ( 4.1)     94 ( 3.8)     159 ( 5.5)
Chu+~ 8 letters           84 ( 0.4)      6 ( 0.2)      15 ( 0.5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
DDo^. da`i trung bi`nh     3.93           3.93            4.10


Ba?ng 4: Pha^n bo^' ve^` ddo^. da`i cu?a chu+~ theo da^'u 
------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Kie^`u           CONK          CPNK
------------------------------------------------------------------ 
Chu+~ da^'u `               4.1            4.1           4.3 
Chu+~ da^'u '               4.2            4.1           4.4
Chu+~ da^'u .               4.0            4.2           4.1

Chu+~ kho^ng da^'u          3.7            3.7           3.9
Chu+~ da^'u ?               3.7            3.6           4.0
Chu+~ da^'u ~               3.7            3.7           3.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------