Re: [HELP::architecture] Baroque,Gothic,..

[Thai Linh <petitlis@free.polbox.pl>]

Hi anh Tua^'n,
 To^i kho^ng pha?i da^n KT, nhu+ng to^i thu+? tra cu+'u giu`m anh nhe',
> 
>    Gothic:  te^n goi. chung dde^?  goi. xu hu+o+'ng  kie^'n tru'c phong
kie^'n Ta^y A^u  trong khoa?ng TK XII de^'n TK XV. Nhu+ñg loa.i hi`nh 
kie^'n tru'c(KT) dda'ng chu' y' nha^'t la` nha` tho+`, tha`nh qua'ch,to`a 
thi. chi'nh. Nha` tho+` gothique pha?n a'nh su+. pha't trie^?n cu?a XH phong
kie^'n trong giai ddoa.n mo+'i. No' ddc. xa^y du+.ng trong tha`nh pho^',
nha(`m pho^ die^ñ su+. be^` the^' va` ve? kie^u hañh cu?a co^ng tri`nh.
Nha` tho+` Gothique co' kho^ng gian lo+'n, vo+'i nhu+ñg ddu+o+`ng ne't
vu+o+n le^n thanh thoa't. Chie^`u cao co' khi to+'i tre^n 40m, no^.i
tha^'t tra`n nga^.p a'nh sa'ng.
 Ke^'t ca^'u nha` tho+` gothique la` 1 trong ñ sa'ng ta.o dda(.c bie^.t 
nha^'t, no' bao go^`m  vo`m ma'i hi`nh mu'i co' so^'ng, cuo^'n nho.n va`
cuo^'n bay.
Vi' du. tie^u bie^?u: tha`nh Carcassonne, nha` tho+` Notre Dame, cung
To^?ng DDo^'c Venise. 

>    Renaissance:(KT Phu.c hu+ng) Khoa?ng TK XV-XVI. Nha^'n ma.nh dde^'n
ñ nguye^n ta('c to^? ho+.p, ti'nh qui lua^.t, o^?n ddi.nh va` su+. ha`i
ho`a. Ng` ddi dda^`u trong phong tra`o KT phu.c hu+ng la` KT su+ 
Brunelleschi(Italy). va`o giai ddoa.n phu.c hu+ng tie^`n ky`, hoa.t
ddo^.ng KT so^i no^?i nha^'t la` o+? TP Florence. kha'c vo+'i KT Gothique
coi tro.ng ke^'t ca^'u, KT phu.c hu+ng tho+`i ky` na`y chi? chu' y'
dde^'n to^? ho+.p co^ng tri`nh nhu+ Du.c Anh Vie^.n @ la^u dda`i Medicis.
Va`o cuo^'i TK XV va` nu+?a dda^`u TK XVI, Italia bu+o+'c va`o giai ddoa.n
va(n nghe^. Phu.c Hu+ng thi.nh ky` vo+'i trung ta^m cu?a hoa.t ddo^.ng
VH mo+'i la` Roma.
 Co^ng tri`nh tie^u bie^?u: Qua?ng tru+o+`ng Capitole va` nha` tho+`
Saint Pierre.
 Baroque: KT Baroque cuñg xua^'t pha't tu+` KT Phu.c Hu+ng. Nghe^. thua^.t
KT baroque la` 1 hie^.n tu+o+ng phu+'c ta.p. No' chu' tro.ng ñ ca?m gia'c
sa('c ma.nh, su+. thay ddo^?i mañh lie^.t,ti`m to`i ñ hie^.u qua? tha^?m 
my~ ki.ch ti'nh, ba^'t ngo+`, nghie^n cu+'u ñ quan he^. kho^ng gian
bie^'n ho'a, phu+'c ta.p, cu+o+`ng ddie^.u su+. tu+o+ng pha?n ma.nh me~
cu?a bo'ng ddo^? va` a'nh sa'ng. KT dda~ da^ñ dde^'n nhie^`u hie^.u
qua? tha^`n bi', nho? ma` nhu+ lo+'n, tiñh ma` nhu+ ddo^.ng.
Vi' du.: Qua?ng tru+o+`ng Ta^y BAn Nha(Rome), nha` tho+` Saint Carllo.

>    Romanesque:( To^i kho^ng ra`nh ve^` thua^.t ngu+~ KT ne^n kho^ng 
bie^'t dda^y co' pha?i la` tu+` chi? ve^` KT co^? ddie^?n Pha'p TK 
XVII- XVII kho^ng. Tra trong tu+` ddie^?n Larousse 1996 tu+`
 romanesque thi` cha(?ng tha^'y no'i gi` dde^'n KT ca?.)
>    Neo-Romanesque
>   
>             (Du+.a theo Almanach,Nhu+ñg ne^`n va(n minh TG)

Enjoy,
TL
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