Logic Programming and Databases / Edition 1

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Overview

This book presents a systematic overview of the interaction between logic programming and database systems. Merging these two technologies permits new types of systems which extend the frontiers of computer science and open up new applications, such as deductive databases, knowledge base management systems, and expert database systems. The book opens with an overview and an introductory review, then is divided into three parts devoted to - the coupling of Prolog with relational databases, - the precise definition of the Datalog language, and - the description of query optimization techniques and extensions of Datalog. A closing chapter reviews the main projects on the integration of logic programming and databases, including LDL, Nail! and the Fifth Generation Project. The presentation achieves a balance between theoretical and technological issues, by providing a careful introduction to the underlying paradigms and their theoretical foundations, and by stressing the problems involved in achieving efficiency when interfacing logic programming formalisms with large databases. The book is thus suited for members of both the database and logic programming communities. The authors use a tutorial style complete with examples and exercises to introduce students as well as researchers to this developing field.
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Editorial Reviews

Booknews
A tutorial introduction to the subject for students and researchers. Provides background information, a systematic overview, descriptions of algorithms, examples, and exercises. Balancing the theoretical foundations with technological problems, examines the new language Datalog, and illustrates the efficient interfacing of the formalisms with large databases. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780387517285
  • Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
  • Publication date: 4/28/1990
  • Series: Surveys in Computer Science Series
  • Edition description: New Edition
  • Edition number: 1
  • Pages: 284
  • Product dimensions: 10.00 (w) x 7.01 (h) x 1.47 (d)

Table of Contents

1 Logic Programming and Databases: An Overview.- 1.1 Logic Programming as Query Language.- 1.2 Prolog and Datalog.- 1.3 Alternative Architectures.- 1.4 Applications.- 1.5 Bibliographic Notes.- 2 A Review of Relational Databases and Prolog.- 2.1 Overview of Relational Databases.- 2.1.1 The Relational Model.- 2.1.2 Relational Languages.- 2.2 Prolog: A Language for Programming in Logic.- 2.3 Bibliographic Notes.- I Coupling Prolog to Relational Databases.- 3 Prolog as a Query Language.- 3.1 The Anti-Trust Control Problem.- 3.2 The Bill of Materials Problem.- 3.3 Conclusions.- 3.4 Bibliographic Notes.- 3.5 Exercises.- 4 Coupling Prolog Systems to Relational Databases.- 4.1 Architectures for Coupling Prolog and Relational Systems.- 4.1.1 Assumptions and Terminology.- 4.1.2 Components of a CPR System.- 4.1.3 Architecture of CPR Systems.- 4.2 Base Conjunctions.- 4.2.1 Determining Base Conjunctions in LCPR Systems.- 4.2.2 Improving Base Conjunctions in TCPR Systems.- 4.3 Optimization of the Prolog/Database Interface.- 4.3.1 Caching of Data.- 4.3.2 Caching of Data and Queries.- 4.3.3 Use of Subsumption.- 4.3.4 Caching Queries.- 4.3.5 Parallelism and Pre-fetching in Database Interfaces.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 4.5 Bibliographic Notes.- 4.6 Exercises.- 5 Overview of Systems for Coupling Prolog to Relational Databases.- 5.1 PRO-SQL.- 5.2 EDUCE.- 5.3 ESTEAM.- 5.4 BERMUDA.- 5.5 CGW and PRIMO.- 5.6 QUINTUS-PROLOG.- 5.7 Bibliographic Notes.- II Foundations of Datalog.- 6 Syntax and Semantics of Datalog.- 6.1 Basic Definitions and Assumptions.- 6.1.1 Alphabets, Terms, and Clauses.- 6.1.2 Extensional Databases and Datalog Programs.- 6.1.3 Substitutions, Subsumption, and Unification.- 6.2 The Model Theory of Datalog.- 6.2.1 Possible Worlds, Truth, and Herbrand Interpretations.- 6.2.2 The Least Herbrand Model.- 6.3 Conclusions.- 6.4 Bibliographic Notes.- 6.5 Exercises.- 7 Proof Theory and Evaluation Paradigms of Datalog.- 7.1 The Proof Theory of Datalog.- 7.1.1 Fact Inference.- 7.1.2 Soundness and Completeness of the Inference Rule EP.- 7.2 Least Fixpoint Iteration.- 7.2.1 Basic Results of Fixpoint Theory.- 7.2.2 Least Fixpoints and Datalog Programs.- 7.3 Backward Chaining and Resolution.- 7.3.1 The Principle of Backward Chaining.- 7.3.2 Resolution.- 7.4 Conclusions.- 7.5 Bibliographic Notes.- 7.6 Exercises.- III Optimization Methods for Datalog.- 8 Classification of Optimization Methods for Datalog.- 8.1 Criteria for the Classification of Optimization Methods.- 8.1.1 Formalism.- 8.1.2 Search Strategy.- 8.1.3 Objectives of Optimization Methods.- 8.1.4 Type of Information Considered.- 8.2 Classification of Optimization Methods.- 8.3 Translation of Datalog into Relational Algebra.- 8.4 Classification of Datalog Rules.- 8.5 The Expressive Power of Datalog.- 8.6 Bibliographic Notes.- 8.7 Exercises.- 9 Evaluation Methods.- 9.1 Bottom-up Evaluation.- 9.1.1 Algebraic Naive Evaluation.- 9.1.2 Semi-naive Evaluation.- 9.1.3 The Method of Henschen and Naqvi.- 9.2 Top-down Evaluation.- 9.2.1 Query-Subquery.- 9.2.2 The RQA/FQI Method.- 9.3 Bibliographic Notes.- 9.4 Exercises.- 10 Rewriting Methods.- 10.1 Logical Rewriting Methods.- 10.1.1 Magic Sets.- 10.1.2 The Counting Method.- 10.1.3 The Static Filtering Method.- 10.1.4 Semi-naive Evaluation by Rewriting.- 10.2 Rewriting of Algebraic Systems.- 10.2.1 Reduction to Union-Join Normal Form.- 10.2.2 Determination of Common Subexpressions.- 10.2.3 Query Subsetting and Strong Components.- 10.2.4 Marking of Variables.- 10.2.5 Reduction of Variables.- 10.2.6 Reduction of Constants.- 10.2.7 Summary of the Algebraic Approach.- 10.3 A General View of Optimization.- 10.4 Bibliographic Notes.- 10.5 Exercises.- 11 Extensions of Pure Datalog.- 11.1 Using Built-in Predicates in Datalog.- 11.2 Incorporating Negation into Datalog.- 11.2.1 Negation and the Closed World Assumption.- 11.2.2 Stratified Datalog.- 11.2.3 Perfect Models and Local Stratification.- 11.2.4 Inflationary Semantics and Expressive Power.- 11.3 Representation and Manipulation of Complex Objects.- 11.3.1 Basic Features of LDL.- 11.3.2 Semantics of Admissible LDL Programs.- 11.3.3 Data Models for Complex Objects.- 11.4 Conclusions.- 11.5 Bibliographic Notes.- 11.6 Exercises.- 12 Overview of Research Prototypes for Integrating Relational Databases and Logic Programming.- 12.1 The LDL Project.- 12.2 The NAIL! Project.- 12.3 The POSTGRES Project.- 12.4 The FIFTH GENERATION Project.- 12.5 The KIWI Project.- 12.6 The ALGRES Project.- 12.7 The PRISMA Project.- 12.8 Bibliographic Notes.
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