Oracle Database 10g High Availability with RAC, Flashback & Data Guard / Edition 1

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Overview

Attain real solutions for current availability challenges. Based on a “DBA-centric” approach to High Availability, Oracle Database 10g High Availability concentrates on explaining Oracle Database 10g technologies and practices to database administrators, covering general availability, real application clusters (RAC), disaster planning and recovery, and distributed database solutions. Hardware and application needs are also taken into account. While Oracle Database 10g is the main focus, many of the options discussed are available in earlier database releases. Organized to provide conceptual understanding of High Availability, included are “HA Workshops,” step-by-step instructions to get you through certain implementations, plus real-world inspired case studies.

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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780072254280
  • Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing
  • Publication date: 4/21/2004
  • Series: Oracle Press Series
  • Edition number: 1
  • Pages: 448
  • Product dimensions: 7.30 (w) x 9.10 (h) x 0.93 (d)

Meet the Author

Matthew Hart (Colorado Springs, CO) has worked exclusively with the Windows Operating System

for more than 5 years, the last 3 of which have been with Oracle

Corporation

assisting Oracle customer implement the RDBMS on Windows NT and 2000. From 1999 onward, his role has increasingly become focused on Oracle’s high availability solutions, specifically Oracle Recovery Manager and Oracle Advanced Replication. For the past 6 months he has been involved in the beta testing of Oracle9i, and he currently supports beta customers who are rolling out 9i into the enterprise. Matthew became an Oracle Certified Professional in May 1999.

Scott Jesse (Colorado Springs, CO) is an Oracle Certified Professional who has worked extensively with the Windows NT Operating System for more than 7 years. Scott began by deploying Windows NT on a corporate-wide rollout for more than 3000 users while working for MCI Worldcom. For the past 5 years, Scott has worked in the Oracle support organization, primarily assisting Oracle customers in implementing the Oracle RDBMS on Window NT. For the last 3 years, Scott has specialized in clustering and high availability technologies on the Windows NT platform, including Oracle Failsafe and Oracle Parallel Server.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xvii
Part I Logical Availability
1 Oracle and Availability: Illustrated Downtime Scenarios 3
Horatio's Woodscrews 4
User-Defined Availability 7
Test and Development Availability 7
Cyclical Database Resource Requirements 8
What Reports Were Those, Exactly? 9
Out of Space in the Woodscrew Tablespace 10
Downtime for Hardware Fixes 11
Restarting Long-Running Transactions 12
Slow Crash Recovery 12
Dealing with Block Corruption (ORA 1578) 13
Waiting for the File to Restore from Tape 14
RAC and the Single Point of Failure 15
Rewinding the Database 15
The Dropped Table 16
The Truncated Table 17
Connecting Online, Identical Databases 18
Complete and Total Disaster 18
Where to Go from Here 19
2 RDBMS Features for Availability 21
Enterprise Manager 22
Oracle Database Control 23
Database Control Console: Navigation 23
Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control 27
Database Configuration on the Fly 28
spfile or init.ora? 29
Nondynamic Parameters 30
Data Architecture and Availability 34
Partitioned Tables and Indexes 35
Index-Organized Tables 42
Materialized Views 43
Online Reorganization 46
Resource Manager and Scheduler 49
Managing Limited Resources 49
Heir to the Job Throne: The Scheduler 50
LogMiner: Transaction Extraction 52
Transportable Tablespaces 54
3 Tuning Your Database for Availability 61
Intelligent Infrastructure 62
MMON Background Process 62
AWR: Automatic Workload Repository 63
What Is AWR? 63
Viewing an AWR Report 64
Interpreting the Workload Repository Report Output 64
Creating Baselines for Comparing the Workload 66
ADDM (Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor) 70
Viewing the ADDM Reports 70
What Drives ADDM? 73
Advisor Central 76
SQL Tuning Advisor 76
SQL Access Advisor 77
Memory Advisor and ASMM 78
Additional Advisors 81
Automatic Storage Management (ASM) 83
ASM Concepts 83
Implementing ASM 87
Managing ASM Environments with EM 91
Part II Real Application Clusters
4 RAC Setup and Configuration 99
Cluster-Ready Services (CRS) 100
CRS Architecture 101
Virtual IP Addresses, or VIPs 102
CRS Installation 102
Operating System Configuration for CRS 103
Storage Requirements for CRS/RAC 103
Networking Requirements for CRS and RAC 105
Kernel Parameters 105
OCR and Voting Disk Requirements 106
Preparing for the CRS Install 107
Network Configuration 110
Shared Storage Configuration 115
The Actual CRS Install Itself 121
Coexistence of CRS and Local Only Installs 121
Installing CRS 122
What Just Happened? 126
Installing the RDBMS 127
ORACLE_HOME on Local or Shared? 127
Installing the Product 129
Database Creation 130
5 Database Administration in a RAC Environment 137
RAC Essentials 138
Instance Naming 138
spfile in the RAC World 138
RAC-Specific Parameters 140
Additional Background Processes in a RAC Instance 143
Cache Coherency in a RAC Environment 146
Managing REDO and UNDO in a RAC Environment 148
Redo Logs and Instance Recovery 148
Redo Logs and Media Recovery 149
UNDO in RAC 157
Adding and Removing Cluster Nodes 157
Adding a Cluster Node 158
Removing a Cluster Node 164
Additional RAC Considerations 170
Managing ASM Environments 170
Patching in a RAC Environment 171
Enterprise Manager Grid Control and RAC 171
6 Utility Computing: Applications as Services 177
Services Concepts 178
Services as a Workload 178
Services as Applications 179
Services from the Database Perspective 179
Creating Services 181
Viewing Services from Within the Database 185
Using SRVCTL to Manage Services 189
Node Applications 190
Managing Databases and Instances via SRVCTL 191
Managing Services via SRVCTL 195
Additional Notes on Services 197
The Oracle Cluster Registry 198
Information in the OCR 198
Part III Disaster Planning
7 Oracle Data Guard: Surviving the Disaster 205
Making the Right Choice 206
Physical Standby Databases 206
Logical Standby Databases 207
Creating a Physical Standby 208
Creating a Logical Standby 214
Is Logical Standby Right for Your Application? 214
Log Transport Services 220
Defining Log Transport Services Destinations 221
Log Transport Services and Security 225
Standby Redo Logs 225
Protection Modes 226
Maximum Protection 226
Maximum Availability 227
Maximum Performance 228
How Data Guard Handles Network Disconnects 229
Gap Detection and Resolution 230
Methods of Gap Resolution 230
Managing a Physical Standby 232
Starting a Physical Standby 232
Starting Managed Recovery 232
Using the Standby in Read-Only Mode 235
Accommodating Physical Changes Made on the Primary 236
Managing a Logical Standby Database 238
Stopping and Starting SQL Apply 239
Monitoring SQL Apply Progress 239
Protecting the Logical Standby from User Modifications 240
Recovering from Errors 241
Changing the Default Behavior of the SQL Apply Engine 243
Additional DBMS_LOGSTDBY Procedures 244
Performing a Role Transition Using Switchover 247
Performing a Role Transition Using Failover 252
Failover First Steps 252
Using Flashback After a Failover 254
Data Guard Broker and Clients 256
The CLI Interface 257
Using the Data Guard GUI 259
8 Backup and Recovery for High-Availability Environments 275
The Importance of Media Backups 276
RMAN: A Primer 277
RMAN and the Controlfile 278
RMAN and the Data Block 280
RMAN Command-Line Usage 281
RMAN from Enterprise Manager 282
Preparing an RMAN Backup Strategy 286
The Flashback Recovery Area 286
Permanent Configuration Parameters 289
Caring for Your Controlfile 291
Backing Up the Available Database 293
The High-Availability Backup Strategy 293
Backing Up the Flashback Recovery Area 299
Backup Housekeeping 300
Performing Recovery 303
Database Recovery: Restore and Recover 303
Block Media Recovery 306
Media Management Considerations 306
The SBT Interface 307
Backing Up Directly to Tape 308
RMAN and Data Guard 309
Using RMAN to Build the Standby Database 309
RMAN and RAC 316
RMAN Configuration for the Cluster 316
Flashback Recovery Area for RAC 321
Oracle and Split-Mirror Technologies 322
The Split-Mirror Configuration 322
RMAN Backups from the Split Mirror 323
Use DG Instead 326
9 Oracle Flashback: Surviving User-Induced Trauma 327
Prepared for the Inevitable: Flashback Technology 328
Flashback Query 329
Flashback and the Undo Segment: A Love Story 329
Performing Flashback Query 330
Flashback Versions Query with Enterprise Manager 331
Flashback Transaction Query 336
Flashback Table 339
Performing the Flashback Table from SQL 340
Flashback Table with Enterprise Manager 340
Flashback Drop 342
The Recycle Bin 343
Flashback Database 347
Flashback Logs 348
Flashback Retention Target 348
Flashback Database: Tuning and Tweaking 350
Flashback Database: Opportunity for Different Uses 352
Part IV Distributed Database Solutions
10 Oracle Streams for High Availability 357
Streams at a Glance 358
Streams Capture Process 360
Streams Propagation 360
Streams Apply Process 361
Rules, Rules, Rules 361
Streams for High Availability 362
Streams Replication and Replica DBs 362
Setting Up Streams Replication 363
Planning for Streams Replication 363
Configuring Streams Replication 365
Conflict Resolution 372
Downstream Capture of LCRs 385
Administration of Stream Processes 388
Completely Removing a Streams Configuration from the Database 389
Streams Summary 389
11 Oracle Net Configuration for Failover 391
Definitions 392
Connect-Time Failover 392
Transparent Application Failover 393
Client-Side Load Balancing 394
Server-Side Load Balancing 395
Net Configuration 396
Using GUI Tools to Generate Configuration Files 397
Easy Connect 397
Environments Suitable for TAF 398
Listener Configuration 400
Why a Virtal IP? 400
Bibliography 403
Index 415
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