Oracle Desk Reference

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The Oracle Professional's Everyday Desk Companion. . . . Instant answers for Oracle 7.3, 8 and 8i

If you are tired of wading through Oracle's 20 "core" help manuals or their online equivalent, this new desk reference will be a welcome addition to your work space. Take a look inside this book: you will find virtually everything you may ever need to reference, and a really ...

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More About This Book

Overview

The Oracle Professional's Everyday Desk Companion. . . . Instant answers for Oracle 7.3, 8 and 8i

If you are tired of wading through Oracle's 20 "core" help manuals or their online equivalent, this new desk reference will be a welcome addition to your work space. Take a look inside this book: you will find virtually everything you may ever need to reference, and a really handy format that makes it easy for you to find it!

It's your one-stop source for all this...

  • All SQL commands, functions, operators, datatypes and hints
  • PL/SQL and Oracle PL/SQL packages
  • Data Definition Language (DDL)
  • SQL*Plus, Export, Import and more key utilities
  • Oracle Java including SQLJ, JDBC and Java stored procedures
  • Database configuration parameters
  • Plus a handy Oracle glossary, Internet resource list, and more!

All the information you need every day, organized for super-fast access.

Whether you are an Oracle developer, administrator or user, you will become more productive and efficient with this book at your side.

Read More Show Less

Editorial Reviews

Booknews
A succinct manual for those already familiar with the software package but need reminders now and then on some of the more arcane features. Harrison, who has written extensively about Oracle, explains all SQL commands, functions, operators, datatypes, and hints; the data definition language; export, import, and other utilities; Oracle Java; and other aspects. He lists Internet resources but includes no bibliography. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780130132949
  • Publisher: Pearson Education
  • Publication date: 9/14/1999
  • Series: Prentice Hall Oracle Series
  • Pages: 400
  • Product dimensions: 6.00 (w) x 8.97 (h) x 0.79 (d)

Read an Excerpt

PREFACE:

Preface

Oracle Desktop Reference Template

How do I use substr to get trailing characters from a string? How do I create my own exceptions in PL/SQL? How do I create a read-only transaction? How do I add a new log file to my database? What's the syntax for publishing a Java-stored program in PL/SQL?

Oracle administrators and developers face questions like these every day. With the ever-expanding scope of the Oracle product line, finding the answers involves an increasingly difficult struggle through the massive and often inconvenient Oracle on-line documentation set. The aim of this book is to improve your productivity by placing essential Oracle information at your fingertips.

When I started administering and developing applications with Oracle databases in the 1980s, every developer and DBA on my team had a set of manuals, which could comfortably fit on a desk. Now — in the last year of the twentieth century — the full documentation set requires several shelves in a large bookcase. Luckily, the dilemma of finding space for printed documentation almost never arises because printed manuals have virtually disappeared from the workplace. Oracle Corporation literally gives away electronic documentation, while charging extravagant prices for the printed versions. The result has been the almost total elimination of printed Oracle documentation in the average office.

I'm a real fan of on-line documentation, but the process of locating snippets of information in the Oracle on-line documentation set just takes too long. Suppose you had the Oracle documentation set on CD-ROM and you wanted to find the exactsyntax for the select statement. Here's what you would do:

  • If you didn't have the Oracle on-line documentation installed on your hard disk, you would have to put the CD in your CD drive and wait a few seconds for your system to recognize it.
  • Next, you must fire up your Web browser and load the Oracle documentation set home page.
  • Then you have to locate the correct document, in this case, the Oracle SQL reference.
  • When the document is found, you must open the Index page for the document and locate the select entry.
  • And finally, you have to navigate to the page containing the Select documentation, which is large and takes a few moments to load.

I found that this involved process was consuming too much of my time. What I needed was a quick reference to all the frequently needed information — SQL commands, PL/SQL syntax, built-in packages, API calls, configuration parameters, and command line arguments — in a package small enough to fit on my desk. Because no such reference existed, I decided to write one, and this book is the result.

How to Use this Book, and How Not to Use It!

This book was designed to be kept close at hand and used to determine the syntax or usage of some aspect of Oracle for which you are already broadly familiar. For instance, you may recall that the mod function calculates a remainder, but you may have forgotten the order of the arguments. You may be creating a table, but need to refresh your memory on storage parameters. Or, you may be a DBA who needs to check the options of an init.ora parameter.

However, I don't recommend that you use this book as your only reference to the Oracle database. There is only limited introductory and tutorial material in this book. If you need to learn about some Oracle facility from scratch, or if you are looking for in-depth coverage of a topic, you should consult the Oracle documentation set, other third-party books, or Internet resources. For instance, if you are new to PL/SQL, you should not use this book to teach yourself the PL/SQL language. However, once you have learned PL/SQL — and even while you are learning it — you will find the PL/SQL chapters of the book a very useful reference.

Structure

This book is arranged into a couple of major sections:

The first four chapters cover the SQL language, which is the basis for all data manipulation and retrieval in Oracle. These chapters cover:

  • The select statement, which is the basis for all data retrieval.
  • SQL functions, expressions, hints, and operators.
  • The Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements: update, delete, and insert, and statements related to transaction control and locking.
  • Data Definition Language (DDL) statements that create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, and views.

The next three chapters cover PL/SQL and Java. pl/sql implements Oracle's proprietary procedural extensions to the SQL language. It also implements many of Oracle's advanced features such as advanced queuing and large object support. In Oracle8i, a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has been introduced and developers can now choose to develop stored procedures and triggers in Java. These three chapters cover:

  • The PL/SQL language syntax and usage.
  • Oracle-supplied PL/SQL packages, which extend the PL/SQL language, or which provide new Oracle functionality.
  • Oracle Java, including JDBC, SQLJ, and the Oracle8i JServer environment.

The final chapters cover utilities, administration options, terms and jargon, and a brief list of Internet resources. These chapters are:

  • Command line utilities provided with the Oracle server.
  • The SQL*PLUS program.
  • Oracle server configuration parameters.
  • Jargons, terms, and acronyms.

Operating System and Oracle Version-Specific Information

This reference attempts to cover syntax for Oracle versions 7.3, 8.0, and 8.1 (also referred to as Oracle8i). It also covers command line utilities available in the UNIX and NT operating systems. To minimize confusion, the following symbols may appear in the margin to indicate that a feature is specific to an operating system or Oracle version.

Feedback

While every effort has been made to ensure that this book is accurate and timely, there is no doubt that some errors will be found or that information in this book will be overtaken by subsequent releases of Oracle. If you find anything in need of correction, please let me know at gharriso@mira.net. IÊwill ensure that the necessary corrections are made in future releases or in errata. You might also wish to visit my home page at ...

Read More Show Less

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Oracle Desktop Reference Template xv
How to Use this Book, and How Not to Use It! xvi
Structure xvii
Operating System and Oracle Version-Specific Information xviii
Conventions xviii
Feedback xix
Acknowledgments xx
Chapter 1 The Select Statement 1
Introduction 1
References 1
General Form 1
Subqueries 2
Correlated Subquery 2
From Clause Table Specifications 3
Simple Table Specification 3
Subquery 3
Partition Specification 3
Collection Specification 4
Sampling 4
Joins 4
Inner Join 4
Equi-joins and Theta Joins 5
Outer Join 5
Anti-join 6
Self-join 6
Set Operations 6
Group Operations 7
Hierarchical Queries 8
Locking 9
Select Statement Reference 9
Chapter 2 SQL Expressions and Functions 19
Introduction 19
References 19
Identifiers 19
Literals 19
Column and Object Names 20
Bind Variables 20
Operators 20
User-Defined Operators 23
Functions 24
User-Defined Functions 41
Date and Numeric Format Masks 41
Date Format Masks 42
Numeric Format Masks 44
Pseudo-Columns 45
Hints 46
Chapter 3 Data Manipulation and Transaction Control 55
Introduction 55
The Insert Statement 55
Direct Mode Insert 56
Parallel Insert 56
Inserting REF Data 56
Unlogged Inserts 57
Array Insert 57
The Update Statement 57
Correlated Updates 58
The Delete Statement 58
Table Specifications 59
Transactions 59
Savepoints 59
Locks 60
Autonomous Transactions 60
Triggers 60
DML Statements on Views 60
DML Reference 61
Chapter 4 Data Definition Language (DDL) 69
Introduction 69
References 69
Database Objects and Datatypes 70
Types of Database Objects 70
Datatypes 72
System Privileges 75
Audit Options 77
Chapter 5 PL/SQL Language 163
Introduction 163
References 163
PL/SQL Block Structure 163
Operators 164
PL/SQL Functions 165
PL/SQL Variables and Datatypes 166
RecordTypes 166
%type and %rowtype 166
Cursors 167
Cursor Variables 167
Collections and PL/SQL Tables 168
Scoping 169
Exceptions and Error Handling 169
Exceptions 169
Raise_application_error 171
PL/SQL Stored Objects 171
Stored Procedure Parameters 172
Packages 173
Triggers 173
Object Types 174
Forward Declarations 174
Overloading 174
Execution Privileges 174
PL/SQL Functions in SQL statements 175
Transactions 175
Autonomous Transactions 175
SQL Statements 176
PL/SQL language reference 176
Chapter 6 Oracle-Supplied PL/SQL Packages 207
Introduction 207
References 207
Calling Supplied Packages 211
Installing Supplied Packages 211
Package DBMS_Alert 212
Package DBMS_Application_Info 213
Package DBMS_DDL 215
Package DBMS_Job 216
Package DBMS_Lob 219
Package DBMS_Lock 223
Package DBMS_Logmnr 226
Package DBMS_Logmnr_D 227
Package DBMS_Output 228
Package DBMS_Pipe 229
Package DBMS_Random 232
Package DBMS_Rowid 233
Package DBMS_Session 236
Package DBMS_Shared_Pool 239
Package DBMS_Snapshot 240
Package DBMS_Space 244
Package DBMS_SQL 245
Package DBMS_Stats 253
Package DBMS_System 267
Package DBMS_Transaction 268
Package DBMS_Utility 270
Package Utl_File 275
Package Utl_Raw 277
Chapter 7 Oracle Java 281
Introduction 281
Reference 281
Overview of JDBC 282
Required Classes 283
Establishing a Connection 284
Error Handling in JDBC 285
Creating SQL Statements 286
Executing SQL Statements 286
Processing Queries 287
Bind and Substitution Variables 287
Dynamic Queries 288
Stored Procedures 288
Transaction Control 289
Oracle JDBC Extensions 289
Overview of SQLJ 291
Importing Classes 291
SQLJ Statements 292
Context Declarations 292
Iterator Declarations 292
Executable Statement Declarations 293
Setting Up a Connection 293
Simple SQL Statements 294
Query Processing 294
Error Handling 295
Bind Variables 295
Transaction Control 296
Translating SQLJ Programs 296
Creating Java Stored Procedures and Functions 296
Loading Java into the Database 298
Resolver Specifications 299
Stored Procedure Privileges 299
Publishing Java Stored Procedures 299
JDBC Language Reference 300
Datatypes 300
DriverManager Class 302
Connection Interface 304
OracleConnection Extensions 307
Statement Class 308
OracleStatement Extensions 311
PreparedStatement Class 311
OraclePreparedStatement Extensions 315
CallableStatement Interface 318
OracleCallableStatement 321
ResultSet interface 323
OracleResultSet Extensions 328
ResultSetMetaData Interface 331
DatabaseMetaData Interface 335
SQLJ Language Reference 345
Connection Context Methods 347
Execution Context Methods 348
Iterator Class Methods 349
Chapter 8 Command Line Utilities 351
Introduction 351
Naming Conventions 351
Command Summaries 352
Chapter 9 SQL*PLUS 387
Introduction 387
Reference 387
Command-Line Arguments 387
SQL *PLUS Features 388
Parameter Substitution 388
SQL *Plus Edit Buffer 389
Bind Variables 389
Formatting Options 389
SQL *Plus Commands 391
Options of the SET Command 408
Chapter 10 Initialization Parameters 419
Introduction 419
Reference 420
Parameter Descriptions 420
Chapter 11 Terms, Acronyms, and Jargon 461
Introduction 461
Reference 461
Terms 461
Appendix A Internet Resources 481
The Oracle Technology Network 481
Oracle Support Services 482
Oracle Usenet Newsgroups 482
Deja News Power Search 482
The Database Domain 482
RevealNet Pipelines 483
OraPub 483
International Oracle User Group 483
Hayden Worthington, Inc. 483
The Oracle Underground FAQ 483
Oracle Magazine 484
Oreview 484
The Ultimate Software Consultants (TUSC) 484
Index 485
Read More Show Less

Preface

PREFACE:

Preface

Oracle Desktop Reference Template

How do I use substr to get trailing characters from a string? How do I create my own exceptions in PL/SQL? How do I create a read-only transaction? How do I add a new log file to my database? What's the syntax for publishing a Java-stored program in PL/SQL?

Oracle administrators and developers face questions like these every day. With the ever-expanding scope of the Oracle product line, finding the answers involves an increasingly difficult struggle through the massive and often inconvenient Oracle on-line documentation set. The aim of this book is to improve your productivity by placing essential Oracle information at your fingertips.

When I started administering and developing applications with Oracle databases in the 1980s, every developer and DBA on my team had a set of manuals, which could comfortably fit on a desk. Now — in the last year of the twentieth century — the full documentation set requires several shelves in a large bookcase. Luckily, the dilemma of finding space for printed documentation almost never arises because printed manuals have virtually disappeared from the workplace. Oracle Corporation literally gives away electronic documentation, while charging extravagant prices for the printed versions. The result has been the almost total elimination of printed Oracle documentation in the average office.

I'm a real fan of on-line documentation, but the process of locating snippets of information in the Oracle on-line documentation set just takes too long. Suppose you had the Oracle documentation set on CD-ROM and you wanted to find theexactsyntax for the select statement. Here's what you would do:

  • If you didn't have the Oracle on-line documentation installed on your hard disk, you would have to put the CD in your CD drive and wait a few seconds for your system to recognize it.
  • Next, you must fire up your Web browser and load the Oracle documentation set home page.
  • Then you have to locate the correct document, in this case, the Oracle SQL reference.
  • When the document is found, you must open the Index page for the document and locate the select entry.
  • And finally, you have to navigate to the page containing the Select documentation, which is large and takes a few moments to load.

I found that this involved process was consuming too much of my time. What I needed was a quick reference to all the frequently needed information — SQL commands, PL/SQL syntax, built-in packages, API calls, configuration parameters, and command line arguments — in a package small enough to fit on my desk. Because no such reference existed, I decided to write one, and this book is the result.

How to Use this Book, and How Not to Use It!

This book was designed to be kept close at hand and used to determine the syntax or usage of some aspect of Oracle for which you are already broadly familiar. For instance, you may recall that the mod function calculates a remainder, but you may have forgotten the order of the arguments. You may be creating a table, but need to refresh your memory on storage parameters. Or, you may be a DBA who needs to check the options of an init.ora parameter.

However, I don't recommend that you use this book as your only reference to the Oracle database. There is only limited introductory and tutorial material in this book. If you need to learn about some Oracle facility from scratch, or if you are looking for in-depth coverage of a topic, you should consult the Oracle documentation set, other third-party books, or Internet resources. For instance, if you are new to PL/SQL, you should not use this book to teach yourself the PL/SQL language. However, once you have learned PL/SQL — and even while you are learning it — you will find the PL/SQL chapters of the book a very useful reference.

Structure

This book is arranged into a couple of major sections:

The first four chapters cover the SQL language, which is the basis for all data manipulation and retrieval in Oracle. These chapters cover:

  • The select statement, which is the basis for all data retrieval.
  • SQL functions, expressions, hints, and operators.
  • The Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements: update, delete, and insert, and statements related to transaction control and locking.
  • Data Definition Language (DDL) statements that create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, and views.

The next three chapters cover PL/SQL and Java. pl/sql implements Oracle's proprietary procedural extensions to the SQL language. It also implements many of Oracle's advanced features such as advanced queuing and large object support. In Oracle8i, a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has been introduced and developers can now choose to develop stored procedures and triggers in Java. These three chapters cover:

  • The PL/SQL language syntax and usage.
  • Oracle-supplied PL/SQL packages, which extend the PL/SQL language, or which provide new Oracle functionality.
  • Oracle Java, including JDBC, SQLJ, and the Oracle8i JServer environment.

The final chapters cover utilities, administration options, terms and jargon, and a brief list of Internet resources. These chapters are:

  • Command line utilities provided with the Oracle server.
  • The SQL*PLUS program.
  • Oracle server configuration parameters.
  • Jargons, terms, and acronyms.

Operating System and Oracle Version-Specific Information

This reference attempts to cover syntax for Oracle versions 7.3, 8.0, and 8.1 (also referred to as Oracle8i). It also covers command line utilities available in the UNIX and NT operating systems. To minimize confusion, the following symbols may appear in the margin to indicate that a feature is specific to an operating system or Oracle version.

Feedback

While every effort has been made to ensure that this book is accurate and timely, there is no doubt that some errors will be found or that information in this book will be overtaken by subsequent releases of Oracle. If you find anything in need of correction, please let me know at gharriso@mira.net. IÊwill ensure that the necessary corrections are made in future releases or in errata. You might also wish to visit my home page at ...

Read More Show Less

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  • Anonymous

    Posted Fri Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2000

    Invaluable!

    When I first picked up the Oracle Desk Reference I didn't really do much with it. I'm a Java Web Developer so I didn't have much need for some of what the book describes. Aside from the occasional need to see a function I let it gather dust. Then I saw the light! The light is the chapter on Oracle Java. The book goes through and describes how each of the JDBC methods were implemented and then shows you the specific Oracle only methods that Oracle threw in for developers. What a great chapter! Then I began perusing the book again and I found that I was an idiot. This is a very useful book and the deaper into Oracle I go the more useful it becomes. The bottom line is that if you use Oracle as your backend then pick up this book!

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