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Devoted entirely to the PL/SQL (Procedural Language extension to SQL), this second edition of Oracle PL/SQL Programming updates the first edition for Oracle8, and includes chapters on new PL/SQL object features (object types, collections, object views, and external procedures). The first three chapters of the book explain what it means to program in PL/SQL, and then walk you through the main features of the language, programming habits, and effective coding style. It then moves on to basic PL/SQL programming components such as variables, cursors, conditional and sequential control statements, loops, exception handlers, PL/SQL records, and PL/SQL tables. Part three of the book covers built-in functions such as character, date, numeric, LOB, and conversion functions that can be put to use immediately in your applications. Moving forward, you will learn how to build procedures, functions, and packages correctly. Chapters 18 through 21 give an in-depth coverage of the new features of Oracle8. Learn about object types, nested tables and VARRAYs, object views, and external procedures. Armed with a summary of helpful tips for effective PL/SQL programming in the real world, part six of the book shows you how to manage your PL/SQL code and debug, tune, and trace the execution of your programs. The text contains numerous examples to guide you as to how, when, and where to apply programming constructs most effectively. Appendices A through C contain a summary of contents on the companion disk, how to call stored procedures from PL/SQL Version 1.1, and how to call Oracle's built-in packages.
...The LONG datatype
A variable declared LONG can store variable-length strings of up to 32760 bytes--this is actually seven fewer bytes than allowed in VARCHAR2 type variables! The LONG datatype for PL/SQL variables is quite different from the LONG datatype for columns in the Oracle Server. The LONG datatype in Oracle7 can store character strings of up to two gigabytes or 231-1 bytes; this large size makes the LONG column a possible repository of mulitmedia information, such as graphics images.
As a result of these maximum length differences, you can always insert a PL/SQL LONG variable value into a LONG database column, but you cannot select a LONG database value larger than 32760 bytes into a PL/SQL LONG variable.
In the Oracle database, there are many restrictions on how the LONG column can be used in a SQL statement; for example:
Given the fact that aVARCHAR2 variable actually has a higher maximum length than the LONG and has no restrictions attached to it, I recommend that you always use the VARCHAR2 datatype in PL/SQL programs. LONGs have a place in the RDBMS, but that role is not duplicated in PL/SQL. This makes some sense since you will very rarely want to manipulate truly enormous strings within your program using such functions as SUBSTR or LENGTH or INSTR.
The RAW datatype
The RAW datatype is used to store binary data or other kinds of raw data, such as a digitized picture or image. A RAW variable has the same maximum length as VARCHAR2 (32767 bytes), which must also be specified when the variable is declared. The difference between RAW and VARCHAR2 is that PL/SQL will not try to interpret raw data. Within the Oracle RDBMS this means that Oracle will not perform character set conversions on RAW data when it is moved from one system (based, for example, on 7-bit ASCII) to another system.
Once again, there is an inconsistency between the PL/SQL maximum length for a RAW variable (32767) and the RDBMS maximum length (255). As a result, you cannot insert more than 255 bytes of your PL/SQL RAW variable's value into a database column. You can, on the other hand, insert the full value of a PL/SQL RAW variable into a column with type LONG RAW, which is a two-gigabyte container for raw data in the database.
The LONG RAW datatype
The LONG RAW datatype stores raw data of up to 32760 bytes and is just like the LONG datatype excerpt that the data in a LONG RAW variable is not interpreted by PL/SQL.
Given the fact that a RAW variable actually has a higher maximum length than the LONG RAW and has no restrictions attached to it, I recommended that you always use the RAW datatype in PL/SQL programs. LONG RAWs have a place in the RDBMS, but that role is not duplicated in PL/SQL.
The ROWID datatype
In the Oracle RDBMS, ROWID is a pseudocolumn that is part of every table you create. the rowid is an internally generated and maintained binary value which identifies a row of data in your table. It is called a pseudocolumn because a SQL statement includes it in places where you would normally use a column. However, it is not a column that you create for the table. Instead, the RDBMS generates the rowid for each row as it is inserted into the database. The information in the rowid provides the exact physical location of the row in the database. You cannot change the value of a rowid.
You can use the ROWID datatype to store rowids from the database in your PL/SQL program. You can SELECT or FETCH the rowid for a row into a ROWID variable. To manipulate rowids in Oracle8, you will want to use the built-in package, DBMS_ROWID (see Appendix C, Built-In Packages). In Oracle7, you will use the ROWIDTOCHAR function to convert the rowid to a fixed-length string and then perform operations against that string.
In Oracle7, for format of the fixed-length rowid is as follows:
BBBBBBB.RRRR.FFFFF
Components of this format have the following meanings:
BBBBBBB
The block in the database file
RRRR
The row in the clock (where the first row is zero, not one)
FFFFF
The database file
All these numbers are hexadecimal; the database file is a number which you would then use to look up the actual name of the database file through the data dictionary.
In Oracle8, rowid have been "extended" to support partitioned tables and indexes. The new, extended rowids include a data object number, identifying the database segment. Any schema object found in the same segment, such as a cluster of tables, will have the same object number. In Oracle8, then, a rowid contains the following information:
Dedication
Preface
Programming in PL/SQL
Chapter 1: Introduction to PL/SQL
Chapter 2: Creating and Running PL/SQL Code
Chapter 3: Language Fundamentals
PL/SQL Program Structure
Chapter 4: Conditional and Sequential Control
Chapter 5: Iterative Processing with Loops
Chapter 6: Exception Handlers
PL/SQL Program Data
Chapter 7: Working with Program Data
Chapter 8: Strings
Chapter 9: Numbers
Chapter 10: Dates and Timestamps
Chapter 11: Records
Chapter 12: Collections
Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Datatypes
SQL in PL/SQL
Chapter 14: DML and Transaction Management
Chapter 15: Data Retrieval
Chapter 16: Dynamic SQL and Dynamic PL/SQL
PL/SQL Application Construction
Chapter 17: Procedures, Functions, and Parameters
Chapter 18: Packages
Chapter 19: Triggers
Chapter 20: Managing PL/SQL Code
Chapter 21: Optimizing PL/SQL Performance
Chapter 22: I/O and PL/SQL
Advanced PL/SQL Topics
Chapter 23: Application Security and PL/SQL
Chapter 24: PL/SQL Architecture
Chapter 25: Globalization and Localization in PL/SQL
Chapter 26: Object-Oriented Aspects of PL/SQL
Chapter 27: Calling Java from PL/SQL
Chapter 28: External Procedures
Regular Expression Metacharacters and Function Parameters
Number Format Models
Date Format Models
Colophon
This is an essential book for PL programming.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Thu Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Fine move to dg res one.
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Posted Sun Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2014
My ex ignores every message i send him. I went to guidance ad had him come so i could talk to him. And we became friends again. But now hes back to ignoring me. I see him looking at me whenever i look at him. It hurts to know he read my message but didnt reply.. i thought he was the one. My feelings for him are sooo strong. -Emma
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sat Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Hi. When im at school i hve no friends whatsoever. How to make friends?! Please answer, labeled 'To Roxy'
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Thu Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2014
I think he does. I think the best way to start out is to talk to him in a full coversation. (What church.)
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sun Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Have you ever tried just talking to him face to face? - kristin
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sat Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Crushes? Fasion? Makeup? Friends? Ask about all these and more at fasion result 2!!!!!!!
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Wed Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Okay,I hope you guys are active. The first one is: I have this crush on a boy at church. Lets call him "Logan". So "Logan" is my big time crush and I think he likes me. He scarcly ever talks to me but I've caught him staring at me several times. When I look at him he smiles and I can tell by his eyes and his face that hes blushing. I was waking in this line to go eat something and I turn around and look around and there he is a few steps away staring at me. I blushed and quickly turned away. Does he like me or what? Please respond soon.
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sun Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2014
My ex is a total jerk!! He's always talking about how gross I am and always making wierd faces when I look at him. Once he even said it was the biggest mistake of his life to date me!!!! My heart shattered!!! What do I do?
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Wed Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Girl problem at res 6
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Wed Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Well, it was gracie's fault that she hit you. Find other friends and ignore her back. As for the fiod, pack lunch
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sun Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Don't date someone you don't like just because you think your friend will get mad at you. Talk to her and say, "l think your brother is a sweet and awesome person. I just don't have a romantic attraction to him. That could change, but not anytime soon." If she is a good friend she will understand.<p>
About Mikey: it's obvious from your description that Mikey possibly might have a mental or emotional disorder, or very light autism. I think you should keep your distance from him and stop thinking about him. If he kicked a girl there is a BIG problem. Just forget about him. That sounds harsh, but it's true. Remember the good times you had together, acknowledge them, and move on. You'll be happier for it.
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sun Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Yeah. Thx!
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Wed Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014
This is not realated to boys or anything like that but i didnt know where else to put this so here it goes. I dont have a religon. Now, you must be thinking," Yes you do. Everyone does!" Well, I dont. I dont go to church, I dont say prayers, or anything of that sort. And im not Jewish( no offenese to those who are). My best friend is always talking about her church and how I should go there with her every Sunday. She tries to teach me about god and jesus and things like that but it doesnt make sense to me at all. When i say," Can we do something else?"she says,"No you need to learn this." I dont want to learn it. What should i tell her, and how do i say it without offending her?
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sun Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Dont care wat others say if you have feelings for someone dont let anyone stop u
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Thu Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Dont stand up i have had this problem before and because of that he broke up with me he needs personal space
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sat Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2014
No problem. :D If you need anything ir just want to talk, find me through FlareStrike.
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sat Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Okay!
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
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Posted Sat Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2014
This is the Boy Problems Section!! Feel free to ask anything about dating issues or boy problems and you are much appreciated if you contribute an answer. Thanks!!
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Overview