Principles of Distributed Database Systems

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In the Second Edition of this best-selling distributed database systems text, the authors address new and emerging issues in the field while maintaining the key features and characteristics of the First Edition. The text has been revised and updated to reflect changes in the field. This comprehensive text focuses on concepts and technical issues while exploring the development of distributed database management systems (DBMS). Principles of Distributed Database Systems presents distributed database systems within...

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More About This Book

Overview

In the Second Edition of this best-selling distributed database systems text, the authors address new and emerging issues in the field while maintaining the key features and characteristics of the First Edition. The text has been revised and updated to reflect changes in the field. This comprehensive text focuses on concepts and technical issues while exploring the development of distributed database management systems (DBMS). Principles of Distributed Database Systems presents distributed database systems within the framework of distributed data processing in general, rather than as a problem in isolation.

NEW TO THIS EDITION

  • The relationship of distributed DBMSs with the new networking technologies is discussed.
  • The query processing/optimization chapters now focus on techniques employed in commercial systems and include new algorithms such as randomized search strategies.
  • Discussion of advanced transaction models and workflows has been added to the transaction management chapters.
  • Full chapters are devoted to parallel DBMSs and distributed object DBMSs.
  • Current issues are discussed in a new chapter, including sections on data warehousing, world wide web and databases, push-based technologies, and mobile DBMSs.
  • General interoperability issues and distributed object platforms such as OMA/CORBA and DCOM/OLE have been added to the multidatabase systems chapter.
  • The authors' web site contains presentation slides, helpful information for instructors, and direct communication with the authors.
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Editorial Reviews

Booknews
Introduces and explains the theory, algorithms, and methods that underlie distributed DBMS, emphasizing the principles that guide the design of such systems more than their use. Useful as a text for a one- or two-semester graduate-level course. The bibliography is extensive. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780136916437
  • Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
  • Publication date: 10/28/1990
  • Edition description: Older Edition
  • Edition number: 1
  • Pages: 528

Read an Excerpt

PREFACE: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
Many things have changed since the publication of the first edition of this book in 1991. At the time, we reported projections that, by 1998, centralized database managers (DBMSs) would be an \antique curiosity" and most organizations would move towards distributed database managers. Distribution was slowly starting and "client/server" had just started to enter our daily jargon. These systems were generally multiple client/single server systems in which the distribution was mostly in terms of functionality, not data. If multiple servers were used, clients were responsible for managing the connections to these servers. Thus, transparency of access was not widely supported, and each client had to "know" the location of the required data. The distribution of data among multiple servers was very primitive; systems did not support fragmentation or replication of data. Systems of the time were \homogeneous" in that each system could manage only data that were stored in its own database, with no linkage to other repositories.

Things have changed dramatically since then. Many vendors are much closer to achieving true distribution in their development cycle. Client/server systems remain the preferred solution in many cases, but they are much more sophisticated. For example, today's client/server systems provide signicant transparency in accessing data from multiple servers, support distributed transactions to facilitate transparency, and execute queries over (horizontally) fragmented data. Further, new systems implement both synchronous and asynchronous replication protocols, and many vendors have introduced gateways to accessother databases. In addition, significant achievements have taken place in the development and deployment of parallel database servers. Object database managers have entered the marketplace and have found a niche market in some classes of applications which are inherently distributed.

In parallel with these developments in the database system front, there have been phenomenal changes in the computer networking infrastructure that supports these systems. The relatively slow (10Mbit/sec) Ethernet has been replaced as the de facto local area network standard by much faster networks (FDDI or switched Ethernet) operating at around 100Mbit/sec, and broadband networks (particularly the ATM technology) have been deployed for both local area and wide area networking. These networks, coupled with very low overhead networking protocols, such as SCI, reduce the differences between local area and wide area networks (other than latency considerations) and potentially eliminate the network as the major performance bottleneck. This, in turn, requires us to review our system development assumptions and performance tuning criteria. Use of the Internet which is basically a heterogeneous network with links of varying capacities and capabilities has exploded.

There is clearly a technology push/application pull in effect with respect to distributed DBMS development: new applications are requiring changes in DBMS capabilities, and new technological developments are making these changes possible. With these developments, it was time to prepare a revised second edition of the book. In the process, we have retained the fundamental characteristics and key features of the book as outlined in the Preface to the first edition. However, the material has been heavily edited. Every chapter has been revised some in fundamental ways, others more superficially. The major changes are the following:

1. The query processing/optimization chapters (Chapters 7{9) have been revised to focus on the techniques employed in commercial systems. New algorithms, such as randomized search strategies, are now included.

2. The transaction management chapters (Chapters 10{12) now include material on advanced transaction models and work flows.

3. Chapter 13, which focused on the relationship of distributed DBMSs and distributed operating systems, has been dropped and some of the material is incorporated into the relevant chapters.

4. The first edition contained a chapter (Chapter 15) which discussed current issues at the time parallel DBMSs, distributed knowledge-base systems (mainly deductive DBMSs), and distributed object DBMSs. In the intervening years, two of these topics have matured and become major forces in their own rights, while the third (deductive databases) has not achieved the same prominence. In this edition, we devote full chapters to parallel DBMSs (Chapter 13) and distributed object DBMSs (Chapter 14), and have dropped deductive DBMSs.

5. Following the same approach, we introduce a new chapter devoted to current issues (Chapter 16). This chapter now includes sections on data warehousing (from a distributed data management perspective), World Wide Web and databases, push-based technologies, and mobile DBMSs.

6. The chapter on multidatabase systems (Chapter 15 in the current edition) has been revised to include a discussion of general interoperability issues and distributed object platforms such as OMA/CORBA and DCOM/OLE.

We are quite satisfied with the result, which represents a compromise between our desire to address new and emerging issues, and maintain the main characteristic of the book in addressing the principles of distributed data management. Certain chapters, in particular Chapters 15 and 16, require further depth, but those will be topics of future editions.

The guide to reading the book, introduced in the Preface to the first edition, is still valid in general terms. However, we now discuss, in Chapter 3, the relationship between distributed DBMSs and the new networking technologies. Thus, this chapter no longer serves simply as background and should be read (at least the relevant sections) following Chapter 1.

We have set up a Web site to communicate with our readers. The site is at ...
Read More Show Less

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
1 Introduction 1
2 Overview of Relational DBMS 25
3 Review of Computer Networks 52
4 Distributed DBMS Architecture 75
5 Distributed Database Design 102
6 Semantic Data Control 161
7 Overview of Query Processing 188
8 Query Decomposition and Data Localization 203
9 Optimization of Distributed Queries 228
10 Introduction to Transaction Management 274
11 Distributed Concurrency Control 299
12 Distributed DBMS Reliability 352
13 Parallel Database Systems 416
14 Distributed Object Database Management Systems 462
15 Database Interoperability 525
16 Current Issues 571
Bibliography 605
Subject Index 658
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Preface

PREFACE: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
Many things have changed since the publication of the first edition of this book in 1991. At the time, we reported projections that, by 1998, centralized database managers (DBMSs) would be an \\antique curiosity" and most organizations would move towards distributed database managers. Distribution was slowly starting and "client/server" had just started to enter our daily jargon. These systems were generally multiple client/single server systems in which the distribution was mostly in terms of functionality, not data. If multiple servers were used, clients were responsible for managing the connections to these servers. Thus, transparency of access was not widely supported, and each client had to "know" the location of the required data. The distribution of data among multiple servers was very primitive; systems did not support fragmentation or replication of data. Systems of the time were \\homogeneous" in that each system could manage only data that were stored in its own database, with no linkage to other repositories.

Things have changed dramatically since then. Many vendors are much closer to achieving true distribution in their development cycle. Client/server systems remain the preferred solution in many cases, but they are much more sophisticated. For example, today's client/server systems provide signicant transparency in accessing data from multiple servers, support distributed transactions to facilitate transparency, and execute queries over (horizontally) fragmented data. Further, new systems implement both synchronous and asynchronous replication protocols, and many vendors have introduced gateways toaccessother databases. In addition, significant achievements have taken place in the development and deployment of parallel database servers. Object database managers have entered the marketplace and have found a niche market in some classes of applications which are inherently distributed.

In parallel with these developments in the database system front, there have been phenomenal changes in the computer networking infrastructure that supports these systems. The relatively slow (10Mbit/sec) Ethernet has been replaced as the de facto local area network standard by much faster networks (FDDI or switched Ethernet) operating at around 100Mbit/sec, and broadband networks (particularly the ATM technology) have been deployed for both local area and wide area networking. These networks, coupled with very low overhead networking protocols, such as SCI, reduce the differences between local area and wide area networks (other than latency considerations) and potentially eliminate the network as the major performance bottleneck. This, in turn, requires us to review our system development assumptions and performance tuning criteria. Use of the Internet which is basically a heterogeneous network with links of varying capacities and capabilities has exploded.

There is clearly a technology push/application pull in effect with respect to distributed DBMS development: new applications are requiring changes in DBMS capabilities, and new technological developments are making these changes possible. With these developments, it was time to prepare a revised second edition of the book. In the process, we have retained the fundamental characteristics and key features of the book as outlined in the Preface to the first edition. However, the material has been heavily edited. Every chapter has been revised some in fundamental ways, others more superficially. The major changes are the following:

1. The query processing/optimization chapters (Chapters 7{9) have been revised to focus on the techniques employed in commercial systems. New algorithms, such as randomized search strategies, are now included.

2. The transaction management chapters (Chapters 10{12) now include material on advanced transaction models and work flows.

3. Chapter 13, which focused on the relationship of distributed DBMSs and distributed operating systems, has been dropped and some of the material is incorporated into the relevant chapters.

4. The first edition contained a chapter (Chapter 15) which discussed current issues at the time parallel DBMSs, distributed knowledge-base systems (mainly deductive DBMSs), and distributed object DBMSs. In the intervening years, two of these topics have matured and become major forces in their own rights, while the third (deductive databases) has not achieved the same prominence. In this edition, we devote full chapters to parallel DBMSs (Chapter 13) and distributed object DBMSs (Chapter 14), and have dropped deductive DBMSs.

5. Following the same approach, we introduce a new chapter devoted to current issues (Chapter 16). This chapter now includes sections on data warehousing (from a distributed data management perspective), World Wide Web and databases, push-based technologies, and mobile DBMSs.

6. The chapter on multidatabase systems (Chapter 15 in the current edition) has been revised to include a discussion of general interoperability issues and distributed object platforms such as OMA/CORBA and DCOM/OLE.

We are quite satisfied with the result, which represents a compromise between our desire to address new and emerging issues, and maintain the main characteristic of the book in addressing the principles of distributed data management. Certain chapters, in particular Chapters 15 and 16, require further depth, but those will be topics of future editions.

The guide to reading the book, introduced in the Preface to the first edition, is still valid in general terms. However, we now discuss, in Chapter 3, the relationship between distributed DBMSs and the new networking technologies. Thus, this chapter no longer serves simply as background and should be read (at least the relevant sections) following Chapter 1.

We have set up a Web site to communicate with our readers. The site is at ...
Read More Show Less

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