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{fwd} Cu. LE^ VA<N QUY'
Ngu*o*i` Vie^.t nao` dda~ tu*ng` xa`i cordless telephone
hay nghe nha.c tu*` compact discs ne^n ddo.c bai` nay`...
Ian
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[vacets-dict] - Mesg from mekongcenter@asahi-net.or.jp (Do Thong Minh)
Cu. LE^ VA(N QU'Y
NHA` PHA'T MINH VIE^.T NAM LU+`NG DANH O+? NHA^.T BA?N
Vo+'i 11 ba(`ng pha't minh chi'nh thu+'c mang te^n cu. va` khoa?ng 200
pha't minh ba'n tha(?ng cho ca'c co^ng ty, ngoa`i ra co`n khoa?ng 10 pha't
minh chu+a co^ng bo^'. Cu. la` mo^.t trong 200 khoa ho.c gia no^?i tie^'ng
cu?a Nha^.t Ba?n.
Ba`i vie^'t cu?a
DDo^~ Tho^ng Minh
- Te^n tha^.t la` Le^ Va(n Qu'y, te^n Nha^.t vie^'t la` "Le^~ Ba.n
Qu'y" dde^? co' a^m ddo.c tu+o+ng tu+. la` "Re Ban Qui".
Sinh nga`y 24 tha'ng 3 na(m 1918 o+? Ha` No^.i.
- La^.p gia ddi`nh vo+'i ngu+o+`i Nha^.t te^n Le^ Va(n Toshiko
(Lo+.i Tu+?), co' hai con sinh ddo^i, mo^.t trai, mo^.t ga'i. Ban dda^`u
vo+. cu?a cu. ddo^?i qua quo^'c ti.ch Vie^.t, con cu?a cu. cu~ng mang
quo^'c ti.ch Vie^.t. Sau vi` bi. i't nhie^`u ky` thi., ca? nha` pha?i
ddo^?i qua quo^'c ti.ch Nha^.t.
- 1940 ho.c DDa.i Ho.c Khoa Ho.c Ha` No^.i 1 na(m.
- 1941 ho.c Y Khoa Ha` No^.i 3 na(m.
- 1943 du ho.c Nha^.t Ba?n, trong chu+o+ng tri`nh trao ddo^?i sinh
vie^n giu+~a hai nu+o+'c. DDo+.t na`y co' 10 ngu+o+`i, 5 nam (4 ngu+o+`i
kia la` ca'c cu. DDa(.ng Va(n Ngu+~, Ha` Thu+', Nguye^~n Tha`nh Nguye^n,
Hoa`ng DDi`nh Lu+o+.ng), 2 nu+~ (ho.c ve^` ca('m hoa) va` 3 ngu+o+`i Pha'p.
Cu. di ba(`ng ta^`u to+'i ca?ng Nagasaki ro+`i ddi xe ddie^.n le^n DDo^ng
Kinh. Ho.c mo^.t na(m Nha^.t Ngu+~ ta.i tru+o+`ng Kokusai Gakkyukai
(Quo^'c Te^' Ho.c Hu+~u Ho^.i) o+? DDo^ng Kinh. Tho+`i ddo', cu. nha^.n
ddu+o+.c ho.c bo^?ng cu?a ca? hai chi''nh phu? Vie^.t Nam thuo^.c Pha'p va`
chi'nh phu? Nha^.t Ba?n. Lu'c ddo' ddang The^' Chie^'n Thu+' 2, ne^n "kho'
kha(n" cho cu. la` kho^ng bie^'t ca'ch na`o dde^? tie^u cho he^'t tie^`n.
- 1994 ho.c ky~ su+ die^.n tu+? o+? Tokodai (DDo^ng Kinh Co^ng
Nghie^.p DDa.i Ho.c). Trong lu'c ha^`u he^'t thanh nie^n Nha^.t bi. ddo^.ng
vie^n, chung quanh cu~ng cha(?ng co' gi` dde^? gia?i tri' ne^n o+?
tru+o+`ng cu. tha ho^` ho.c ho?i va` la`m vie^.c vo+'i tha^`y. DDo' la`
co+ may cho mo^.t ngu+o+`i vo^'n thi'ch toa'n va` khoa ho.c nhu+ cu..
Chi'nh trong tho+`i gian na`y cu. na('m vu+~ng ddu+o+.c nhie^`u kie^'n
thu+'c giu'p cu. sau na`y pha't minh nhie^`u u+'ng du.ng ve^` ddie^.n va`
ddie^.n tu+?.
Sau The^' Chie^'n Thu+' 2, cu. o+? la.i Nha^.t, la`m chuye^n vie^n
chi? dda.o ky~ thua^.t, ddi tham quan ra^'t nhie^`u co^ng xu+o+?ng, go'p
nhie^`u y' ca?i thie^.n ky~ thua^.t... Cu. cu`ng mo^.t ngu+o+`i ba.n
Nha^.t la^.p co^ng ty ma^.u di.ch va` co^' va^'n cu~ng nhu+ "Nga^n Ha`ng Y'
Kie^'n" o+? DDo^ng Kinh nha(`m thu tha^.p y' kie^'n dde^? chuye^?n tha`nh
thu+.c du.ng. Tho+`i gian na`y, cu. ddu+a ra nhie^`u pha't minh va` tro+?
tha`nh ngu+o+`i Vie^.t Nam dda^`u tie^n la^'y ba(`ng pha't minh cu?a Nha^.t
Ba?n. So+? di~ cu. chi? dda(ng ky' 11 ba(`ng pha't minh co`n ha^`u he^'t
pha't minh ba'n tha(?ng cho ca'c co^ng ty vi` vie^.c dda(ng ky' kho' kha(n,
nha^'t la` vo+'i mo^.t ngu+o+`i ngoa.i quo^'c. Thu+' nu+~a muo^'n dda(ng
ky' pha't minh thi` pha?i hoa`nh tha`nh sa?n pha^?m, to^'n ra^'t nhie^`u
tho+`i gian va` ta`i chi'nh, sau ddo' la.i pha?i cho+` ddo+.i cu+'u xe't
the^m va`i na(m nu+~a. Theo cu., tu+` nghie^n cu+'u dde^'n thi. tru+o+`ng
la` ca? mo^.t bu+o+'c kha' da`i. Vie^.c na`y ca'c dda.i co^ng ty co'
nhie^`u u+u the^', ba'n pha't minh tru+o+'c khi dda(ng ky' va` co^' va^'n
cho ho. ro^`i ho. dda(ng ky' te^n co^ng ty cu?a ho. thi` tie^.n cho
ngu+o+`i pha't minh ho+n. Cu. vo^'n co' qua' nhie^'u pha't minh ne^n ne^'u
theo dduo^?i mo^.t pha't minh cho dde^'n khi la^'y ddu+o+.c ba(`ng thi`
kho^ng co`n thi` gio+` ddu+a ra nhu+~ng pha't minh mo+'i nu+~a. DDo' la`
ly' do cu. i't ddu+'ng te^n mi`nh trong ca'c ba(`ng pha't minh. The^m
ddie^?m nu+~a la` ca'c y' kie^'n va` pha't minh cu?a cu. pha^`n lo+'n ba'n
cho ca'c co^ng ty Hoa Ky`, ro^`i sau ddo' Hoa Ky` mo+'i ba'n ngu+o+.c tro+?
la.i Nha^.t. Ly' do vi` ca'c co^ng ty Hoa Ky` co+?i mo+? ho+n trong vie^.c
mua ne^n cu~ng ho+i tie^'c cho quan nie^.m khe'p ki'n cu?a Nha^.t Ba?n.
Pha't minh da^`u tie^n cu?a cu. na(m 1963 la` bo'ng dde`n dde`n
huy`nh quang (Flourescent Lamp) tie^'ng Nha^.t la` "huy`nh quang pho'ng
ddie^.n dda(ng". DDe`n Flourescent Lamp 1 loa.i tro`n (buld), khi ddo'
chi? co' loa.i dde`n o^'ng da`i (tube) va` o^'ng tro`n (circle line). Tu+`
pha't minh ban dda^`u, co`n pha?i qua nhie^`u gia ddoa.n ca?i tie^'n dde^?
co' the^? sa?n xua^'t ha`ng loa.t vo+'i gia' re?. DDe`n Flourescent Lamp 2
la` dde`n da`i, song no' la` dde`n bo'p be.p hay pha(?ng (flat) chu+'
kho^ng pha?i dde`n o^'ng tro`n. Tu+` ddo' pha't minh the^m ca''c dde`n
o^'ng nho? va` dde`n tro`n co' su+'c sa'ng nhu+ dde`n o^'ng de.p. Nho+`
pha't minh na`y cu?a cu. ma` dde`n xe ho+i va ga('n ma'y nga`y nay sa'ng
ru+.c. Nho+' la.i cuo^'i tha^.p nie^n 60, xe ga('n ma'y Nha^.t ba('t
dda^`u qua Vie^.t Nam, dde`n sa'ng ru+.c so vo+'i dde`n ca'c xe A^u Cha^u
lu` mu`. Cu. cu~ng pha't minh ra bo^. pha^.n ca?m nha^.n (sensor) cho cu+?a
mo+? tu+. ddo^.ng hay vo`i nu+o+'c tu+. ddo^.ng kha' pho^? bie^'n trong
nhu+~ng kie^'n tru'c ta^n tie^'n.
To+` ta.p chi' Chuo Koron no^?i tie^'ng cu?a Nha^.t Ba?n so^' nga`y
17/5/1959 (38 na(m tru+o+'c) dda~ dda(ng y' kie^'n cu?a cu. ve^` vie^.c
du`ng tinh the^? lo?ng (liquit crystal) la`m ma`n a?nh de.p cho TV thay vi`
du`ng o^'ng tia a^m cu+.c (cathode ray tube = CRT) co^`ng ke^`nh. Nhu+ng
tho+`i a^'y co`n qua' mo+'i me?, cu. kho^ng ti`m ddu+o+.c co^ng ty ho^~
tro+. thu+.c hie^.n. Ma^'y na(m sau ddo', Hoa Ky` che^' ra cha^'t tha.ch
anh lo?ng, mau cho'ng pho^? bie^'n kha('p the^' gio+'i. Khoa?ng dda^`u
tha^.p nie^n 80 TV nho? loa.i na`y ba('t da^`u tung ra thi. tru+o+`ng va`
giu+~a tha^.p nie^n 90 co' TV co+~ lo+'n nhu+ng chi? mo?ng nhu+ bu+'c tranh
treo tu+o+`ng.
Cu. ta^m su+., to^i vo^'n do^'t chuye^.n va(n chu+o+ng chu+~
nghi~a, dda^`u o'c chi? chu' tro.ng dde'n toa'n va` khoa ho.c. Khi ddi
ho.c o+? Vie^.t Nam, toa`n la^'y ddie?m toa'n bu` cho ddie^?m va(n
chu+o+ng. Co' khi ho.c mo^.t ba`i tho+ ma` ca? nga`y kho^ng thuo^.c,
nhu+ng ca? mo^.t cuo^'n ba`i ta^.p toa'n co' the^? gia?i trong va`i nga`y.
Ca'c pha't minh quan tro.ng cu?a cu.:
1- DDe`n huy`nh quang (Fluorescent Lamp). Loa.i dde`n sa'ng du`ng
ra^'t pho^? tho^ng trong nha` hay va(n pho`ng...
2- Ca'nh cu+?a tu+. ddo^.ng (Automatic door). Du`ng nguye^n ly'
so'ng nga('n (short wave) thay vi` dde`n quang ddie^.n nhu+ cu?a Hoa Ky`,
gia' ba'n cuo^'i tha^.p nie^n 1950 la` 5.000 Yen thay vi` 8-100.000 Yen
cu?a Hoa Ky`.
3- Vo`i nu+o+'c tu+. ddo^.ng (Xu+? ly' nu+o+'c tu+. ddo^.ng =
Automatic water processor). Khi ru+?a tay, chi? vie^.c ddu+a tay va`o,
bo^. ca?m nha^.n (sensor) se~ chi? thi. cho nu+o+'c se~ cha?y ra, khi ru+?a
xong, ru't tay ra, nu+o+'c tu+. ddo^.ng ngu+ng cha?y.
4- "Kha(n lau ho+i" (Air towel). Sau khi ru+?a tay, chi? vie^.c
ddu+a tay va`o la` ma'y tu+. ddo^.ng ba^.t va` tho^?i ho+i no'ng la`m cho
tay kho^, khi ru't tay ra ma'y tu+. ddo^.ng ta('t.
5- Ma'y dde^'m nhi.p ddie^.n tu+? (Electroic Metronome). Tru+o+'c
ddo' ma'y dde^'m nhi.p cho dda`n chi? du`ng a^m thanh, do ddo' khi dda'nh
dda`n kho' nghe ddu+o+.c tie^'ng go~ nhi.p. Cu. che^' the^m dde`n ba'o
nhi.p tie^.n du.ng ho+n vi` kho^ng lo tie^'ng dda`n a't ddi.
6- Bo^. Trie^.t A^m Thanh Tu+. DDo^.ng (Automatic Audio
Suppresser). La` bo^. pha^.n tu+. ddo^.ng ddie^`u tie^'t tra'nh nhie^~u
a^m thanh trong ma'y truye^`n thanh hay truye^`n hi`nh, giu'p cho a^m thanh
kho^ng qua' cao hay qua' tha^'p vi` nhu+ng ly' do tho+`i tie^'t... cu~ng
nhu+ nga(n hie^.n tu+o+.ng ho^`i tie^'p (feed back).
7- Ma'y ta('t ba^.t pha-co^'t tu+. ddo^.ng (Automatic Far-Code).
Ban dde^m, khi hai xe mo+? dde`n pha ddi ngu+o+.c chie^`u nhau, dde^?
tra'nh bi. cho'i ma('t, dde`n se~ tu+. ddo^.ng chuye^?n sang co^'t va` khi
qua ma(.t nhau ro^`i thi` la.i tu+. ddo^.ng chuye^?n ve^` pha.
8- Ma'y Nghe Nha.c Ba(`ng Quang (Light Pick-Up). Du`ng dda^`u
ddo.c ddi~a ba(`ng quang thay vi` kim, kho^ng la`m hu+ ddi~a va` a^m thanh
cu~ng nhu+ hi`nh a?nh to^' ho+n, ddo' chi'nh la` ca'c loa.i ma'y quay CD
nga`y nay.
9- DDie^.n Thoa.i Kho^ng Da^y (Codeless Telephone). DDo' chi'nh
la` ca'c loa.i ddie^.n tho.ai ca^`m tay/bo^. dda`m ma` chu'ng ta ddang
du`ng hie^.n nay.
10- Bo^. Khue^'ch DDa.i Du`ng DDe`n Tinh The^? Co^ng Sua^'t Cao
Hifi (Hifi High Power Transistor Amplifier). Mo^.t bo^. pha^.n chi? nho?
ga^`n ba(`ng bao die^m, nhu+ng cho ra a^m thanh lo+'n va` hay ho+n. Cu.
dda~ ba'n pha't minh na`y cho co^ng ty mo^.t co^ng ty ve^` ma'y a^m thanh
no^?i tie^'ng cu?a Nha^.t (va` vi` ba'n ro^`i ne^n kho^ng the^? ghi ra
dda^y ma` pha?i coi nhu+ cu?a co^ng ty ma` tho^i).
11- Lu+o+~i ga` trong ma'y hi`nh. Bo^. pha^.n giu+~ cho phim kho^ng
bi. tu.t ra khi la('p phim.
12- Ta^'m Lo't Sa`n Ba(`ng Tu+` (Magnetic Linoleum). Mo^.t loa.i
cao su du`ng la't nha` ma` kho^ng ca^`n keo da'n.
13- Ma'y so+n ti~nh ddie^.n. Khi so+n xe ho+i... nho+` ti~nh
ddie^.n, so+n kho^ng bay ra ngoa`i.
14- Pha't minh cho xe ho+i ddie^.n. Nhie^`u u+'ng du.ng cho xe
ho+i ddie^.n la` loa.i xe the^' he^. mo+'i cu?a nha^n loa.i trong the^' ky?
21.
15- Phu+o+ng pha'p thu ho^`i da^`u tho^. Thu ho^`i da^`u tho^ bi.
thoa't ra bie^?n mo^.t ca'ch nhanh cho'ng, tie^.n lo+.i va` i't to^'n ke'm
(chu+a co^ng bo^' chi tie^'t).
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