[Ba'o VN] Metro cho TPHCM - bao gio*` ?

[Huynh Ngoc Chau <huynhnc@sbu.ac.uk>]

Tri'ch TBKTSG 15/05/97

Metro cho TPHCM - bao gio*` ?
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TPHCM hie^.n co' tre^n 5 trie^.u da^n, 1 trie^.u kha'ch va~ng lai. Dde^'n
na(m 2000, u*o*'c ti'nh quy mo^ co' the^? le^n dde^'n 10 trie^.u da^n, 2
trie^.u kha'ch va~ng lai.

He^. Tho^'ng ddu*o*`ng giao tho^ng hie^.n co' dde^'n 80 ddie^?m thu*o*`ng
xuye^n bi. a'ch ta('c.

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Nhu ca^`uve^` he^. tho^'ng metro o*? TPHCM ca`ng bu*'c xu'c tru*o*'c ti`nh
hi`nh a'ch ta('c giao tho^ng nga`y ca`ng tra^`m tro.ng, da^n cu* ddo^ng
ddu'c va` ddu*o*.c du*. ba'o co`n ta(ng nu*~a va`o dda^`u the^' ky~ sau.

O^ng Vo~ Du~ng, pho' gia'm ddo^'c so*? giao tho^ng co^ng cha'nh TPHCM
kha(?ng ddi.nh, tha`nh pho^' ra^'t bu*'c xu'c ve^` ddu*o*`ng metro va`
metro la` bie^.n pha'p cuo^'i cu`ng dde^? gia?i quye^'t ta('c nghe~n giao
tho^ng ddo^ thi.

Theo ke^'t lua^.n cu?a nho'm nghie^n cu*'u ca'c phu*o*ng a'n pha't trie^~n
metro o*? TPHCM, tre6n nhu*~ng ha`nh lang ddu*o*`ng pho^' ddo^ng ngu*o*`i
ddi la.i nha^'t se~ ddu*o*.c bo^' tri' metro. Du*. kie^'n so* bo^. ddo' se~
la` ca'c tuye^'n no^'i ca'c vu`ng theo tru.c ddo^ng - ta^y, ba('c - nam,
nha(`m no^'i qua^.n 1 ( trung ta^m hie^.n nay) vo*'i qua^.n 5, khu vu*.c
Cho*. Lo*'n va` qua^.n 3, Phu' Nhua^.n, Ta^n Bi`nh...

Ddie^?n hi`nh la` ca'c tuye^'n: Be^'n Tha`nh - Bi`nh Ta^y - Phu' La^m - An
La.c (15 km); Be^'n Tha`nh - Go` va^'p (11 km); Be^'n Tha`nh - Thu? Ddu*'c
- Bie^n Hoa` (23 km); Be^'n Tha`nh - Nha` Be` vo*'i trung ta^m ddo^ thi.
tu*o*ng lai ga^`n xo'm Cho^ng va` xo'm Phu*o*'c (8km).

To^?ng chie^`u da`i ca'c tuye^'n ne^u tre^n khoa?ng 57 km. Du*. kie^'n ca'c
tuye^'n metro na`y se~ dda?m nha^.n khoa?ng 600 trie^.u ha`nh kha'ch mo^~i
na(m.

Khuynh hu*o*'ng la` se~ xa^y du*.ng ca'c ddoa.n metro ddi nga^`m du*o*'i
lo`ng dda^'t ta.i khu vu*.c trung ta^m qua^.n 1 vo^'n ta^.p trung nhie^`u
ca'c dda^`u mo^'i giao tho^ng va` thu*o*ng ma.i di.ch vu.; va` khi ra kho?i
qua^.n 1, he^.t tho^'ng metro se~ ddu*o*.c thie^'t ke^ ddi tre^n cao. Ta^'t
ca? ca'c ddie^?m giao ca('t giu*~a tuye^'n metro vo*'i ddu*o*`ng bo^.
hie^.n hu*~u dde^`u la` giao ca('t la^.p the^?, ne^n se~ kho^ng tro*? nga.i
cho giao tho^ng ddu*o*`ng pho^' nhu*ng la.i giu'p ta(ng ve? my~ quan ddo^
thi., bo*?i le~ tu*. tha^n mo^~i ga metro dda~ la` mo^.t co^ng tri`nh
kie^'n tru'c tha^?m my~.

Theo pho' tie^'n si~ Tri.nh Va(n Chi'nh, pho' gia'm ddo^'c trung ta^m
nghie^n cu*'upha't trie^?n giao tho^ng va^.n ta?i phi'a nam ( Bo^. Giao
tho^ng va^.n ta?i), kho' kha(n lo*'n nha^'t la` vo^'n dda^`u tu*, bo*?i
he^. tho^'ng ddu*o*`ng metro pha?i ca^`n tu*` 60-100 trie^.u USD/km
ddu*o*`ng nga^`m du*o*'i lo`ng dda^'t, 25-40 trie^.u USD/km metro ddi tre^n
ca^`u cao va` 2-5 trie^.u USD/km metro tre6n ma(.t dda^'t. Ma(.c du` vo^'n
dda^`u tu* ban dda^`u lo*'n, song vo*'i ca'c gia?i pha'p ky~ thua^.t kha'c,
dde^? chuye^n cho*? ddu*o*.c cu`ng mo^.t kho^'i lu*o*.ng ha`nh kha'ch thi`
metro kinh te^' ho*n nhie^`u. O^ng Chi'nh ddu*a ra mo^.t con ti'nh dde^?
chu*'ng minh: mo^.t ddoa`n ta`u metro 6 toa co' the^? cho*? 1000 ha`nh
kha'ch, na(ng lu*.c tho^ng qua co' the^? dda.t to*'i 40000-60000 ha`nh
kha'ch/ gio*` theo mo^.t hu*o*'ng, tu*'c khoa?ng tre6n 300 trie^.u ha`nh
kha'ch/na(m cho mo^.t tuye^'n metro, vu*o*.t xa mo.i phu*o*ng thu*'c va^.n
ta?i co^ng co^.ng kha'c. O^ng Chi'nh cu~ng dde^` xua^'t la` TPHCM ca^`n u*u
tie^n loa.i metro dda(.t tre^n ca^`u cao, chi? xa^y du*.ng nga^`m o*? va`i
khu trung ta^m dda^`u mo^'i.

Tuy chi? mo*'i la` nhu*~ng nghie^n cu*'u ban dda^`u, song su*. pha't
trie^?n metro o*? TPHCM dda~ thu hu't su*. chu' y' cu?a nu*o*'c ngoa`i. Cho
dde^'n nay, dda~ co' hai ddo*n vi. nu*o*'c ngoa`i co' hoa.t ddo^.ng cu.
the^? quan ta^m dde^'n va^'n dde^` na`y.

Tu*` cuo^'i na(m 1995, tru*o*`ng Dda.i ho.c To^?ng Ho*.p Dresden ( bang
Shachsen, Ddu*'c) dda~ ta`i tro*. mo^.t pha^`n kinh phi' va` cu*? chuye^n
gia sang Vie^.t Nam nghie^n cu*'u tie^`n kha? thi du*. a'n "Cu?ng co^' va`
pha't trie^?n he^. giao tho^ng ba'nh sa('t o*? TPHCM". Vie^.c nghie^n cu*'u
hie^.n o*? giai ddoa.n cuo^'i va` ddu*o*.c va(n pho`ng kie^'n tru'c su*
tru*o*?ng TPHCM dda'nh gia' la` mo^.t co^ng tri`nh nghie^n cu*'u co^ng phu,
nghie^m tu'c va` khoa ho.c.

Ga^`n dda^y ho*n, dda^`u na(m nay co^ng ty Semaly (Lyon, Pha'p) dda~ ky'
vo*'i TPHCM va(n ba?n ho*.p ta'c trong li~nh vu*.c pha't trie^~n ddo^ thi.,
trong ddo' co' vie^.c nghie^n cu*'u kha? thi mo^.t tuye^'n metro tu*` Ta^n
So*n Nha^'t - Qua^.n 1 - Cho. Lo*'n vo*'i to^?ng chie^`u da`i ho*n 10 km.
Hu*o*'ng nghie^n cu*'u la` xa^y du*.ng he^. tho^'ng metro nhe. hie^.n
dda.i, co' the^? cha.y tre^n ray va` cu~ng co' the^? cha.y tre6n ma(.t
ddu*o*`ng nhu*.a kho^ng ray.