[Va(n ho'a] Nga`n xu+a vang vo.ng: Mo^.t Co^.t - chu`a co^? ddo^.c dda'o

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Nga`n xu+a vang vo.ng: Mo^.t Co^.t - chu`a co^? ddo^.c dda'o

Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t ddu+o+.c xa^y tu+` na(m dda^`u tie^n hie^.u Su`ng
Hu+o+ng DDa.i Ba?o ddo+`i Tha'i To^n nha` Ly', 1049. Tu.c truye^`n, khi
ddo' Ly' Tha'i To^n dda~ cao tuo^?i ma` chu+a co' tha'i tu+? no^'i
ngo^i. O^ng thu+o+`ng dde^'n ca'c chu`a dde^? ca^`u tu+.. Mo^.t dde^m
vua chie^m bao tha^'y DDu+'c Pha^.t Quan A^m ngu+. tre^n dda`i sen o+?
mo^.t ca'i ho^` vuo^ng me' ta^y kinh tha`nh. DDu+'c Pha^.t be^' mo^.t
be' trai ddu+a cho nha` vua. Sau ddo', vua Tha'i To^n co' ddu+o+.c con
trai. O^ng lie^`n cho la^.p chu`a tho+` Pha^.t Quan A^m. Chu`a na`y o+?
me' ta^y kinh tha`nh, no+i nguye^n co' mo^.t ho^` nu+o+'c hi`nh vuo^ng,
giu+~a ho^` xa^y mo^.t tru. dda' cao chu+`ng hai tru+o+.ng, chu vi chi'n
thu+o+'c. DDi?nh tru. ddo+~ mo^.t toa` chu`a ngo'i nho?, tro^ng nhu+
ddoa' hoa sen mo.c le^n tre^n ma(.t ho^`, ngu+o+`i ta go.i la` chu`a
Nha^'t Tru., hay cu~ng quen go.i la` Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t. 

Sau khi la`m xong chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t tho+` pha^.t Quan A^m, Ly' Tha'i
To^n cho xa^y mo^.t ngo^i chu`a lo+'n o+? ngay ca.nh ddo', go.i la`
chu`a Die^n Hu+.u, dde^? tho+` Chu+ Pha^.t. Theo ca'c thu+ ti.ch cu~
thi` Die^n Hu+.u la` chu`a ra^'t lo+'n. Na(m 1105, vua Ly' cho tu su+?a
chu`a, du+.ng the^m mo^.t ca^y tha'p Ba.ch Tuynh ba(`ng dda' tra('ng cao
13 tru+o+.ng no+i tru+o+'c cu+?a chu`a Die^n Hu+.u. Tu+` tha'p Ba.ch
Tuynh co' mo^.t ca^`u vo^`ng da^~n va`o Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t. Nga`y vo.ng,
nga`y so'c, vua Ly' cu`ng ca'c ha^.u, ca'c phi ta^`n va` ca'c ca^.n
tha^`n to+'i chu`a le^~ Pha^.t. DDa(.c bie^.t nga`y Pha^.t dda?n mo^`ng
ta'm tha'ng tu+ ha`ng na(m, nha` vua ra chu`a tu+` dde^m ho^m tru+o+'c
giu+~ mi`nh chay sa.ch dde^? ho^m sau la`m le^~ ta('m Pha^.t. Ra^'t
ddo^ng ta(ng ni va` da^n chu'ng to+'i du+. le^~, tha^.t su+. la` mo^.t
le^~ ho^.i lo+'n cu?a kinh ddo^. Le^~ ta('m Pha^.t xong, nha` vua
ddu+'ng tre^n dda`i cao, tay ddu+a con chim le^n va` tha? chim bay va`o
ba^`u tro+`i. DDa^'y la` le^~ pho'ng sinh ba('t dda^`u. Ca'c ta(ng ni
va` ca'c thie^.n nam ti'n nu+~ ddua nhau tha? chim. Chim ddu+o+.c tra?
la.i thie^n nhie^n bay le^n ro+.p tro+`i... 

Thu+ ti.ch co^? co`n che'p ro~: va`o na(m Long Phu` thu+' 8 ddo+`i Ly'
Nha^n To^n (1108) vua cho xua^'t kho mo^.t lu+o+.ng ddo^`ng ra^'t lo+'n,
1 va.n 2 nga`n ca^n, dde^? ddu'c mo^.t qua? chuo^ng co' tie^'ng vang
thu+'c ti?nh ngu+o+`i ddo+`i, go.i la` Gia'c The^' Chung. DDi.nh la`
chuo^ng se~ treo o+? chu`a Die^n Hu+.u, va` mo^~i khi dda'nh chuo^ng,
tie^'ng chuo^ng se~ vang xa ma^'y da(.m. La.i cho xa^y mo^.t toa`
phu+o+ng ddi`nh ba(`ng dda' xanh cao 8 tru+o+.ng, tre^n no'c phu+o+ng
ddi`nh co' nhu+~ng do'ng sa('t lo+'n dde^? treo chuo^ng. Xa^y ddi`nh,
ddu'c chuo^ng ho+n mo^.t na(m tro+`i mo+'i xong. Kho^ng bie^'t qua?
chuo^ng lo+'n dde^'n ki'ch ta^'c na`o, chi? bie^'t chuo^ng ddu'c xong
thi` kho^ng co' ca'ch na`o treo le^n no'c phu+o+ng ddi`nh ddu+o+.c.
Ha`ng nga`n ngu+o+`i dda~ va^`n, xoay he^'t su+'c, nhu+ng ke^'t cu.c
chi? la`m qua? chuo^ng nga~ ke^`nh tre^n ma(.t ruo^.ng. Ruo^.ng nu+o+'c,
lo`ng chuo^ng tro+? tha`nh no+i e^m a^'m cho gio^'ng ru`a cu+ ngu.. Do
va^.y, chuo^ng la.i ddu+o+.c go.i la` chuo^ng Quy DDie^`n (chuo^ng
Ruo^.ng Ru`a). Su+? sa'ch che'p ca'c vie^.c ddo+`i Ly' - Tra^`n tu+`ng
no'i dde^'n An Nam tu+' khi', la` bo^'n kie^'n tru'c lo+'n cu?a nu+o+'c
Nam ta, ddo' la` Tha'p Ba'o Thie^n, Pha^.t Quy`nh La^m, DDi?nh Pho^?
Minh va` Chuo^ng Quy DDie^`n. Chuo^ng Quy DDie^`n cu+' na(`m da^`u da~i
giu+~a ruo^.ng nhu+ the^' ho+n ba tra(m na(m. DDe^'n na(m qua^n Minh
xa^m chie^'m nu+o+'c ta bi. Bi`nh DDi.nh Vu+o+ng Le^ Lo+.i va^y ha~m
ta.i DDo^ng Quan (Ha` No^.i), 1427, bi. thie^'u tho^'n lu+o+ng thu+.c,
vu~ khi', chu'ng pha?i ve't ca'c ddo^` ddo^`ng o+? Tha(ng Long dde^?
la`m vu~ khi', su'ng dda.n. Va^.y ne^n pha^`n tre^n ba(`ng ddo^`ng cu?a
Tha'p Ba'o Thie^n va` qua? chuo^ng Quy DDie^`n cu~ng bi. chu'ng pha'
huy?... 

Theo tho+`i gian vo+'i bao bie^'n ddo^.ng li.ch su+?, kho^ng co`n
chuo^ng Quy DDie^`n, ro^`i chu`a Die^n Hu+.u cu~ng kho^ng co`n. Chu`a
Mo^.t Co^.t co`n giu+~ ddu+o+.c, da^~u tra?i bao mu+a na('ng, tha(ng
tra^`m. Na(m 1922, Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t ddu+o+.c Vie^~n DDo^ng Ba'c Co^?
su+?a chu+~a la.i, theo ddu'ng nhu+ quy ca'ch co^?. DDe^m nga`y
11/9/1954, tru+o+'c khi chi'nh phu? ta tie^'p nha^.n thu? ddo^ Ha`
No^.i, bo.n xa^'u dda~ dda(.t mi`n pha' huy? Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t. Ngay sau
khi tie^'p qua?n thu? ddo^, Chi'nh phu? ta dda~ cho tu su+?a chu`a Mo^.t
Co^.t ddu'ng theo ddo^` da.ng cu~. Tha'ng 4/1955, Chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t la.i
hoa`n nguye^n. Na(m 1958, Chu? ti.ch Ho^` Chi' Minh co' di.p ddi tha(m
a^'n DDo^.. Nha^n da^n a^'n DDo^. dda~ ta(.ng Ngu+o+`i ca^y Bo^` dde^`
cu?a dda^'t Pha^.t. Ho^` Chu? ti.ch dda~ ddem tro^`ng ca^y Bo^` dde^`
no+i chu`a Mo^.t Co^.t. Bo^` dde^` nay dda~ sum sue^ ca`nh la', dda~
tro+? tha`nh co^? thu., hoa` nha^.p hoa`n toa`n vo+'i ca?nh chu`a co^?
ddo^.c dda'o cu?a Tha(ng Long - Ha` No^.i. 

Anh Chi