[lit] DDe^? Hie^?u Tu.c Ngu+~ Ca Dao (fwd)

[AnHai Doan <anhai@cs.washington.edu>]

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VHNT.

>From VHNT:

                         DDE^? HIE^?U TU.C NGU+~ CA DAO
		
                                               Lu+o+ng Thu+ Trung
							
	Vo+'i ho+n 6,500 ca^u tu.c ngu+~ va` tre^n 850 ba`i ca dao ( mo^~i
ba`i tu+` ba, bo^'n ca^u tro+? le^n ), ddu? cho chu'ng ta tha^'y kho ta`ng
va(n chu+o+ng bi`nnh da^n truye^`n kha^?u cu?a to^? tie^n chu'ng ta phong
phu' bie^'t du+o+`ng na`o\. 

	The^' nhu+ng, vo+'i chu+`ng a^'y vo^'n lie^'ng ddo', chu'ng ta
tha^'y cu. O^N NHU+ Nguye^~n Va(n Ngo.c, ta'c gi?a bo^. Tu.c Ngu+~ Phong
Dao, co`n khie^m nhu+o+.ng xa'c nha^.n : " Chu'ng to^i su+u ta^.p dda^y,
hoa(.c co' cho^~ sai la^`m hay co`n co' ca^u bo? so't, chu+?a ghi che'p\. 
Chu'ng to^i da'm mong ra(`ng ddo^.c gi?a chi? ba?o giu'p, dde^? chi'nh
ddi'nh la.i, dde^? bo^? cu+'u va`o, co^' vun tro^`ng cho ca'i go^'c va(n
Vie^.t Nam cu?a To^? Tie^n xu+a ddu+o+.c cha('c re^~, be^`n ca^y; ngo^. 
sau na`y nho+` dda^'y ma` mo+? nga`nh xanh ngo.n, the^m tu+o+i the6m
to^'t, co'bo^? i'ch chu't na`o cho ba.n thie^'u nie^n ta cha(ng\. " 
	Va` Cu. cu~ng kha(?ng ddi.nh : ' Du` chu'ng to^i co^' co^ng go'p
nha(.t the^' na`o, cu~ng co`n bo? so't ma^'t nhie^`u ca^u\. Nhu+ng chu'ng
to^i xin quye^'t no'i : kho^ng ai da'm tu+. phu. ra(`ng mi`nh dda~ tha^u
tha'i ddu+o+.c he^'t ca? nhu+~ng ca^u tu.c ngu+~, phong dao trong
nu+o+'c\. " 

	Qua nhu+~ng nha^.n xe't nhu+ va^.y, chu'ng ta tha^'y ngu+o+`i xu+a
dda~ quan ta^m nhu+ the^' na`o ve^` ne^`n va(n chu+o+ng truye^`n kha^?u
na`y, no' bao la ma` ha`m chu+'a nhu+~ng ddie^`u bo^? i'ch, no' bi`nh di. 
ma` kho^ng de^~ gi` bie^'t he^'t, hie^?u he^'t\. Nha^'t la` chu'ng ta,
nhu+~ng the^' he^. sanh sau dde? muo^.n, kho^ng co' nhie^`u co+ ho^.i
dde^? ho.c ho?i tie^'ng Me. dde? to+'i no+i, to+'i cho^'n, la.i ca`ng bi. 
ca'i bao la cu?a tu.c ngu+~ ca dao va^y bu?a du+~ do^.i, nhie^`u lu'c
kho^ng bie^'t ddu+.a va`o dda^u dde^? bie^'t tu+o+`ng ta^.n mo^.t ca^u
tu.c ngu+~, mo^.t ba`i ca dao\. 
	Tu+` ddo', to^i xin ne^u le^n va`i y' kie^'n rie^ng tu+ dde^? co'
the^? hie^?u ddu+o+.c pha^`n na`o trong muo^`n nga`n ca^u no'i cu?a
ngu+o+`i xu+a mo^.t ca'ch ga^`n ddu'ng nha^'t\. 
	Tru+o+'c nha^'t ne^n ddo.c nhu+~ng sa'ch bie^n kha?o ve^` tu.c
ngu+~ ca dao\. Cha(?ng ha.n nhu+~ng sa'ch sau dda^y :  - Ve` mie^`n Nam
cu?a Tie^`n Giang.  - Ho` mie^`n Nam cu?a Le^ thi. Minh.  - Ca^u ha't hue^
ti`nh cu?a DDinh tha'i So+n\.  - Ca^u ho` va` xay lu'a cu?a Nguye^~n co^ng
Cha'nh\.  - Ha't va` ho` go'p cu?a Nguye^~n co^ng Cha'nh\.  - Ca^u ha't
ddo^'i dda'p cu?a Nguye^~n Ba' Tho+`i\.  - Vie^.t nam ca dao toa'n ho.c
cu?a DDa`o Tro.ng DDu?\.  - Da^n to^.c ti'nh trong ca dao cu?a Hoa
Ba(`ng\.  - Va(n chu+o+ng Bi`nh da^n cu?a Thanh La~ng\.  - Ca dao gi?ang
lua^.n cu?a Ba(~ng Phong\.  - Tu.c ngu+~ luo+.c gia?i toa`n bo^. cu?a Va(n
Hoe`\.  -- Phong tu.c mie^`n Nam qua ca dao cu?a DDa`o Va(n Ho^.i\.  - Hoa
ddo^`ng co? no^.i cu?a Minh Hu+o+ng\.  - Tu.c Ngu+~ Phong dao cu? Nguye^~n
Va(n Ngo.c.  Va` co`n ra^'t nhie^`u nhu+~ng sa'ch ba'o vie^'t ve^` va(n
chu+o+ng bi`nh da^n ca^`n pha?i tra cu+'u la.i\. 
	The^m va`o ddo', va` pha^`n na`y to^i nghi~ ra^ 't quan tro.ng,
ddo' la` kinh nghie^.m so^'ng cu`ng nhu+~ng no+i ma` ca^u ca dao tu.c
ngu+~ xua^'t xu+' hoa(.c i't ra cu~ng pha?i hoa` nha^.p va`o no+i tho^n
que^ vo+'i ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng phong tu.c, ta^.p qua'n, ne^` ne^'p sinh
hoa.t o+? ddo^`ng que^, cu`ng ti'nh cha^'t ca^y co?, chim muo^ng, thu'
va^.t tro+`i dda^'t ma` ngu+o+`i xu+a dde^` ca^.p to+'i qua tu.c ngu+~ ca
dao\. 
	Ne^'u thie^'u nhu+~ng ye^'u to^' la`m ne^`n ta?ng na`y, to^i nghi~
ra(`ng chu'ng ta chi? hie^?u mo^.t pha^`n ra^'t nho? cu?a ca dao, tu.c
ngu+~ ma` tho^i\. Va` di~ nhie^n, tri`nh ddo^. nha^.n thu+'c cu?a mo^~i
ngu+o+`i cu~ng la` ye^'u to^' chi'nh ye^'u, la`m cho ca dao sa^u sa('c
hoa(.c ho+`i ho+.t, no^ng ca.n\. Be^n ca.nh ddo', co`n pha?i co' ta^'m
lo`ng nu+~a, mo^.t ta^'m lo`ng ye^u ddo^`ng que^, ye^u ca dao tu.c ngu+~,
ye^u tie^'ng Vie^.t\. 
	Du+o+`ng nhu+, ba^'t cu+' su+. ti`m to`i na`o cu~ng ddo`i ho?i
su+. ro^ng lu+o+.ng, kha'ch quan, ddu+`ng co^' cha^'p va` nha^'t la`
ddu+`ng bao gio+` tu+. phu. cho ra(`ng su+. hie^?u bie^'t cu?a mi`nh la`
ddu'ng nha^'t, vi` nhu+ the^' de^~ bi. ddi va`o ngo~ cu.t cu?a va^'n dde^`
ma` nha^'t la` va^'n dde^` tu.c ngu+~ ca dao thi` bao la, vo^ be^'n vo^
 bo+`, trong khi su+. hie^?u bie^'t cu?a mi`nh chi? co' ha.n\.

Lu+o+ng Thu+ Trung
Mo^.t sa'ng thu+' sa'u, tha'ng 6-97
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