Re: Te^.Tra.ng Ba(`ng Ca^'p (DDe^? co' 1 he^. tho^'ng ba(\ng ca^p hu+u~ hie^.u)

["Nguyen Tien Zung" <tienzung@darboux.math.univ-montp2.fr>]

>   Bac hoan toan dung. Toi co duoc mot nguoi ban cho xem bao nay khi con o

> ben Y. Bai do do TS Nguye^~n Xua^n Ha~n viet. Rat tiec la toi khong dong
y 
> voi nguoi thay cu cua minh ve cai ma thay do viet. Khong phai ai co bang 
> TS tu Dubna ve VN deu la nhung nguoi mo ra mot huong nghien cuu moi trong

> khoa hoc nhu TS Han viet. TS Han cu noi nhieu chu may nam gan day toi dau

> co thay bai bao nao cua TS Han ( neu TS Han dang o VN thi toi chiu khong 
> check duoc).

Tu+o+?ng ai hoa' ra ba'c Ha~n. Tuy nhie^n to^i nghi~ Tua^'n (TAMU) kho^ng 
ne^n na(.ng lo+\i ve^\ tha^\y cu~. I't ra TS Ha~n cu~ng ba?o ve^. nghie^m
chi?nh, 
va\ cu~ng ddu+o+.c mo+\i la\m vie^.c o+? nhu+~ng no+i uy ti'n nhu+ CERN. So
vo+i' ddie^\u kie^.n la\m vie^.c va\ tri\nh ddo^. chung o+? VN thi\ the^'
la\ qui' la('m
ro^\i. Ca'c quan ddie^?m cu?a TS Ha~n ve^\ ba(\ng to^i cu~ng kho^ng ddo^\ng
y', 
nhu+ng ddo' la\ vie^.c kha'c.

Nha^n dda^y to^i xin tri\nh ba\y y' kie^'n rie^ng cu?a mi\nh ve^\ vie^.c
ba(\ng TS.
Ca^u ho?i chi'nh la\: la\m the^' na\o dde^? co' mo^.t he^. tho^'ng ba(\ng
ca^'p sau
dd.i ho.c vu+a\ hu+u~ hie^.u go.n nhe., vu+a\ ho+.p vo+i' the^' gio+'i,
vu+a\ co^ng ba(\ng ?

Dde^? tra? lo+\i ca^u ho?i ddo', chu'ng ta ca^\n xe't nhie^\u ye^'u to^':

- Thu+' nha^'t: Ti'nh tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng cu?a he^. tho^'ng ba(\ng ca^'p VN
vo+'i
ca'c nu+o+'c. Nga\y nay khi VN mo+? cu+?a ra vo+i' phu+o+ng Ta^y, thi\
vie^.c
co' 1 su+. tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng ba(\ng ca^'p vo+'i he^. tho^'ng Anglo-Saxon la\
he^'t
su+'c quan tro.ng. Chu' y' la\ ca'c nu+o+'c nhu+ Nga, Pha'p cu~ng ra^'t
chu' y' dde^'n
su+. tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng ddo', ne^n o+? Nga cu~ng ca^'p ba(\ng vie^'t tie^'ng
Anh dde^\
la\ Ph.D., va\ o+? Pha'p cu~ng gia?m nhie^u khe^ he^. tho^'ng ba(\ng Dr.,
chuye^?n sang
Dr. nouveau tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng Ph.D. va\ the^m Habilitation.

- Thu+' hai: Su+. dda?m ba?o gia' tri. cu?a ba(\ng ca^'p, la\m sao kho?i
"va\ng thau la^~n
lo^.n" nhu+ nhie^\u ngu+o+\i lo nga.i . Muo^'n va^.y pha?i la^.p ddu+o+.c
ca'c tie^u chua^?n 
dda'nh gia' na\o ddo', co' kie^?m tra ca^?n tha^.n, dda(.c bie^.t cho ca'c
ba(\ng cao ho+n
mu+'c Ph.D.

- Thu+' ba: Su+. quan tro.ng cu?a ba(\ng ca^'p 
dde^'n dda^u, va\ ai kie^?m tra cha^'t lu+o+.ng? O+? dda^y ca^\n 
pha^n bie^'t giu+~a hai mo^ hi\nh gia'o du.c: Mo^ hi\nh My~ la\ mo^ hi\nh
tu+ nha^n, 
khi ca'c tru+o+\ng DDa.i ho.c tu+. tuye^?n gia'o su+. Trong mo^ hi\nh na\y,

mo^~i tru+o+\ng tu+. dda?m ba?o cha^'t lu+o+.ng gia'o su+ cu?a mi\nh, va\
ca'i ddo'
ga('n lie^\n vo+i' quye^\n lo+.i so^'ng co\n cu?a ho. Ne^n ddo^'i vo+'i ho.
ba(\ng ca^'p la\
ca'i i't quan tro.ng. Ca'i ho. dda'nh gia' chu? ye^'u khi tuye^?n ngu+o+\i
hay dde^\ ba.t
la\ ca'c co^ng tri\nh khoa ho.c, kha? na(ng su+ pha.m, ti'nh ca'ch ca'
nha^n + quan he^.
ddo^\ng nghie^.p. Ca'c tru+o+\ng cu~ng tu+. ca^'p ba(\ng Ph.D. kho^ng qua
nha\ nu+o+'c
qua?n ly', va\ dde^? giu+~ uy ti'n thi\ ca'c tru+o+\ng lo+'n cu~ng pha?i
kie^?m tra kha('t khao
tri\nh ddo^. NCS cu?a mi\nh. Cu\ng la\ PhD nhu+ng o+? tru+o+\ng lo+'n ra
thi\ co' gia'
ga^'p 10 la^\n tru+o+\ng vo+' va^?n la\ chuye^.n thu+o+\ng.  Mo^ hi\nh
thu+' hai 
la\ nha\ nu+o+'c qua?n ly' nga\nh gia'o du.c nhu+ o+? Pha'p, VN, Nga, ...
trong 
mo^ hi\nh na\y nha\ nu+o+'c pha?i ddu+a ra ca'c tie^u chua^?n chung dde^? 
dda?m ba?o ba?o ve^. Ph.D o+? dda^u thi\ cu~ng co' tri\nh ddo^. tre^n mo^.t
mu+'c 
chung na\o ddo', tuy ng\ ddu+o+.c ca^'p ba(\ng o+? tru+o+\ng lo+'n ra va^~n
co' gia' ho+n
tru+o+\ng nho? Mo^ hi\nh nha\ nu+o+'c thi\ coi tro.ng ba(\ng ca^'p ho+n la\
tu+ nha^n:
muo^'n ddu+o+.c dde^\ ba.t le^n chu+'c gi\ ddo' (nhu+ Prof.) ba('t buo^.c
pha?i co' ba(\ng
ca^'p tu+o+ng u+'ng. Tuy nhie^n, trong ca? hai mo^ hi\nh, thi\ khi ra kho?i
mo^i tru+o+\ng
academic, su+. quan tro.ng cu?a ba(\ng ca^'p gia?m ddi. Ba(\ng ca^'p kho^ng

co\n la\ ddie^\u kie^.n ca^\n, ma\ chi? co' mo^.t gi'a tri. nha^'t ddi.nh
(tha^.m chi' co' khi a^m).

(co' the^? co\n nhie^\u ye^'u to^' kha'c to^i bo? qua)

Va^.y vie^.c he^. tho^'ng ba(\ng ca^'p the^' na\o la\ ho+.p ly', thi\
dda^\u tie^n phu. thuo^.c
va\o ca^u ho?i lo+'n ho+n he^. tho^'ng gia'o du.c nhu+ the^' na\o? Nha\
nu+o+'c hay tu+
nha^n?

He^. tho^'ng gia'o du.c VN hie^.n nay la\ do nha\ nu+o+'c qua?n ly', tuy
co' tu+ nha^n
hoa' 1 pha^\n, nhu+ng nha\ nu+o+'c va^~n la\ chi'nh va\ xu hu+o+'ng na\y
i't
ra co\n ke'o da\i nhie^\u na(m nu+a~. Nhu+ va^.y mo^.t mo^ hi\nh ba(\ng
ca^'p kie^?u
Pha'p - DDu+'c (no+i nha\ nu+o+'c qua?n ly' ca'c Universities) se~ ho+.p
ho+n 
mo^ hi\nh ba(\ng ca^'p kie^?u My~. Theo mo^ hi\nh ddo' thi\ co' hai mu+'c:
PhD va\ Habilitation sau PhD. Tru+o+'c PhD thi\ co' DEA hay Master. No'i
the^'
chu+a ha(?n ddu'ng, ma` la` ca^\n co' mo^.t mo^ hi\nh tu+o+ng tu+. nhu+
va^.y,
nhu+ng VN-hoa' dde^? thi'ch u+'ng vo+'i nhu+~ng ddie^.u kie^.n dda(.c
bie^.t cu?a VN.
Cu. the^? ho+n:

Hie^.n nay ha^\u he^'t ca'c nu+o+'c dde^\u co' mu+'c PhD, va^.y o+? VN
cu~ng ne^n
dde^? mu+'c ddo', va\ go.i la\ Tie^'n Si~. Kho^ng the^? go.i 1 ng\ My~ co'
ba(\ng PhD la\
pho' tie^'n si~ ddu+o+.c, vi\ trong tu+\ PhD kho^ng co' cho^~ na\o "pho'"
ca?. Vi\ lu+o+.ng
PhD nhie^\u, ca\ng nga\y ca\ng nhie^\u, kho^ng the^? la^.p ho^.i ddo^\ng
xe't la.i tu+\ng 
tru+o+\ng ho+.p, ne^n ca^\n che^' ddo^. chuye^?n tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng cho ca'c
ba(\ng
tu+\ nu+o+'c ngoa\i ve^\,ngoa\i ra co' ho^.i ddo^\ng dda(.c bie^.t xe't
la.i ca'c tru+o+\ng
ho+.p "kha? nghi" khi co' da^'u hie^.u mo+\ a'm. Ho^.i ddo^\ng khoa ho.c
dda(.c bie^.t
cu?a nha\ nu+o+'c na\y co' quye^\n hu?y co^ng nha^.n ba(\ng tu+o+ng
ddu+o+ng 
cho mo^.t ca' nha^n, ne^'u co' ddu? chu+'ng
co+' ve^\ vie^.c ca' nha^n ddo' kho^ng ddu? tu+ ca'ch hay tri\nh ddo^. 

Ngoa\i ba(\g PhD co' the^? co' the^m 1 ba(\ng nu+a~, go.i la\ gi\ ddo' 
tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng vo+'i Habilitation (kho^ng bie^'t tie^'ng Vie^.t di.ch la\
gi\?),
vo+i' ca'c y' tu+o+?ng nhu+ sau:
- ba(\ng na\y chi? quan tro.ng vo+'i nhu+~ng ngu+o+\i trong nga.ch
academic, co' ti'nh
cha^'t nghie^n cu+'u co+ ba?n. Nhu+~ng ngu+o+\i la\m ca'c nga.ch kha'c tu+.
tha^'y
kho^ng ca^\n thie^'t ca^\n ba(\ng na\y (tuy ho. co' the^? xin ca^'p ba[\ng
na\y ne^'u co'
ddu? ddie^\u kie^.n)
-  ca'c ddie^\u kie^.n dde^? dda.t ddu+o+.c ba(\ng na\y ca^\n vu+a\ de^~
kie^?m tra va\
dda?m ba?o cha^'t lu+o+.ng, vu+a\ tra'nh phie^\n ha\. 1 trong nhu+~ng
vie^.c dda^\u tie^n
dde^? tra'nh phie^\n ha\ la\ kho^ng pha?i vie^'t lua^.n a'n ma^'y tra(
trang la\m gi\, chi?
ca^\n va\i trang to'm ta('t ca'c ke^'t qua? dda~ dda.t ddu+o+.c va\ co'
ca'c ba\i ba'o khoa ho.c
la\m chu+'ng. Dde^? kie^?m tra cha^t lu+o+.ng thi\ thu+o+'c ddo' chi'nh
xa'c nha^'t co'
le~ la\ so^' la^\n ca'c ke^'t qua? khoa ho.c ddu+o+.c ng\ kha'c du\ng
(tri'ch da^~n), chu+'
kho^ng pha?i so^' ba\i ba'o dda(ng ddu+o+.c. La^'y vi' du. ca'c ca si~:
ne^'u 1 ddi~a CD ba'n
ddu+o+.c 1 trie^.u ba?n, thi\ ho+n la\ 1à ddia~ CD ba'n ddu+o+.c 1 tra(m
nghi\n hay tha^.m
chi' 1 trie^.u ba?n to^?ng co^.ng, ca? ve^\ ma(.t kinh te^' la^~n danh
tie^'ng. Ngu+o+\i
muo^'n la^'y ba(\ng Habilitation thi\ tu+. mi\nh ca^\n chu+'ng to? co' it'
nha^'t 20 hay 50
hay bao nhie^u ddo' ba\i ba'o cu?a ngu+o+\i ngoa\i tri'ch dde^'n mi\nh.
Tie^u chua^?n
na\y dda(.c bie^.t pha^n bie^.t "va\ng thau" ra^'t nha.y: co' ng\ dda(ng
ca? ha\ng chu.c ba\i
tre^n ba'o khoa ho.c o+? VN nhu+ng cha? ma na\o tri'ch, co' ng\ chi? va\i
ba\i nhu+ng ba\i
xi.n nhie^\u ngu+o+\i bie^'t dde^'n. Hay nhu+ o^ng Hoa\ng Tu.y ti'nh ve^\
so^' ngu+o+\i tri'ch
ba\i o^ng ta thi\ co' thu+a\ nhung o^ng ta o+? VN bi. go.i la\ pho' tie^'n
si~ !
DDa^y chi'nh la\ thu+o+'c ddo co' "mo+? ra hu+o+'ng mo+'i" hay kho^ng. 
Co' hu+o+'ng thi\ pha?i co' ngu+o+\i la\m theo, tri'ch du\ng.
Vie^.c kie^?m tra ve^\ su+. tri'ch da^~n tre^n de^~ la\m va\ co+ quan ha\nh
chi'nh kho^ng
ca^\n chuye^n mo^n khoa ho.c cu~ng la\m ddu+o+.c, nhu+ va^.y gia?m ddu+o+.c

vie^.c ho.p ho^.i ddo^\ng khoa ho.c ddo+~ ma^'t thi\ gio+\. Ho+n nu+a~,
vie^.c ca^'p ba(\ng
habilitation na\y hoa\n toa\n chi? lie^n quan dde^'n no^.i bo^. VN, vi\
va^.y kho^ng co^ng nha^.n
ba^'t cu+' ba(\ng habilitation na\o cu?a nu+o+'c ngoa\i. Ai ba?o ve^.
habilitation hay Dr. Sc.
o+? nu+o+'c ngoa\i ne^'u la\ ""do^\ xi.n" thi\ cu~ng cha('c cha('n ddu?
ddie^\u kie^.n dde^?
ddu+o+.c ca^'p ba(\ng habilitation o+? VN. Vie^.c ca^'p ba(\ng na\y ca^\n
ddu+o+.c tie^'n
ha\nh nhanh cho'ng (cha? ha.n kho^ng qua' 1 tha'ng tu+\ lu'c no^.p ddo+n
xin)
cho nhu+~ng ng\ co' ddu? chu+'ng co+' la\ ddu? ddie^\u kie^.n. 
- ba(\ng habilitation, nhu+ vie^'t o+? tre^n, chi? co' nghia~ ddo^'i vo+'i
ng\ 
VN va\ trong mo^i tru+o+\ng academic, co' the^? lie^n qua lu+o+ng bo^?ng + 
chu+'c gia'o su+ trong mo^i tru+o+\ng na\y. 

Va\i y' tho^ thie?n, xin ca'c anh chi. go'p y' su+?a ba?o.

Zung