Micro-Macro

[Hong Lam Vu <vuh000@goofy.zdv.Uni-Mainz.de>]

Hi folks,

To^i muo^'n tham kha?o kinh nghie^.m cu?a ca'c ba'c o+? mo.i discipline
ve^` ca'i ta.m go.i la` multilevel analysis na`y. Mong ca'c ba'c bo? chu't
thi` gio+` ta'n vo+'i tui mo^.t chu't.

DDa.i lo.ai co' hai truo+`ng pha'i:

1- methodological individualism: gia?i thi'ch mo.i phenomena o+? macro (or
collective, or global) level ba(`ng ca'ch pha^n ti'ch o+? micro
(or individual, or local) level ru`i qua transformation (aggregation
rules) ma` chuye^?n le^n macro level.
Vi' du.: muo^'n gia?i thi'ch ca'c hie^.n tuo+.ng cu?a mo^.t cha^.u nuo+'c
thi` pha?i xem ca'c pha^n tu?+ nuo+'c cho+i bo+`i la`m vie^.c ra sao, sau
ddo' du`ng mo^.t phe'p toa'n na`o ddo' ma` aggregate ca'i ke^'t qu?a o+?
ta^`ng micro le^n ta^`ng macro.

Hoa(.c muo^'n gia?i thi'ch ca'c hie^.n tuo+.ng xa~ ho^.i thi` pha?i do`m
ky~ xem tu+`ng ca' nha^n la`m gi`.

Nhu+ va^.y independent variables must be on micro (individual) level,
trong khi dependent varibles are on the macro one.

2- methodological collectivism: gia?i thi'ch ca'c phenomena o+? macro
level ma` kho^ng ca^`n bie^'t gi` ve^` chuzye^.n xa?y ra o+? micro level.

O+? dda^y, ca? independent va` dependent variables dde^`u na(`m o+? macro
level. 

No'i cho hi`nh tuo+.ng thi` la` "Mo^.t to^?ng the^? thi` nhie^`u ho+n
to^?ng ca'c pha^`n tu+? cu?a no'". Hoa(.c "Ba^'t ke^? ca'c particles o+?
micro level la`m gi`, ta^`ng macro tua^n theo nhu+~ng quy lua^.t rie^ng
cu?a no'".

Ta^'t nhie^n va^~n bie^'t cuo^.c tranh lua^.n giu+~a hai truo+`ng pha'i
no'i tre^n thuo^.c pha.m vi trie^'t ho.c, tu+'c la` ca~i ca? ddo+`i kho^ng
nga~ ngu~. Tuy nhie^n tui muo^'n nghe kinh nghie^.m cu?a ca'c ba'c o+?
mo.i discipline vi` thu+.c ra ca? 2 truo+`ng pha'i dde^`u co' nhu+~ng u+u
va` nhuo+.c ddie^?m rie^ng.

Va^.y tui muo^'n bie^'t trong truo+`ng ho+.p na`o thi` truo+`ng pha'i na`o
hay cu~ng nhu+ do+?, va` 2 anh ba.n na`y co' the^? co^.ng ta'c la`m a(n ra
sao. Hoa(.c co' ca'ch gi` dde^? vuo+.t qua ca'i dilemma na`y kho^ng?

Mong ca'c ba'c giu'p, ca?m o+n ca'c ba'c nhie^`u.

La^m