to ba'c Hoa` Re: Ca'c loa.i "qua' khi'ch"

[AnHai Doan <anhai@cs.washington.edu>]

> To^i kho^ng pha?i tu+. dda(.t mi`nh trong mo^.t ca'i "shell" kha'c dde^?
> bie^'t va^'n dde^`. Chi? vi` ba'c kho^ng no'i ro~ ba'c ddang o+? trong shell
> ddo' tho^i. Ca'i logic cu?a ba'c  ra^'t kho^ khan, va` kho^i ha`i, thu+o+`ng
> chi? du`ng dde^? tu+. bie^.n ho^., dda'nh lu+`a mi`nh va` ddi.nh lu+`a
> ngu+o+`i kha'c.

Hi ba'c Hoa`,

To^i pha' le^. ma` kie^n nha^~n vie^'t mo^.t thu+ nu+~a cho
ba'c. DDa^y la` pha' le^. hai la^`n vi` mo^.t la` to^i dda~
tu+. nhu? se~ kho^ng vie^'t gi` nu+~a, hai la` to^i ra^'t
i't khi kie^n nha^~n vie^'t the^' na`y.

Ha^`u nhu+ ta^'t ca? ca'c sa'ch ve^` ddi du li.ch VN cu?a
My~ dde^`u co' lo+`i khuye^n la` kha'ch du li.ch kho^ng ne^n
cho tie^`n panhandlers (ng` lo+'n, ba` gia`, tre? con,...)
o+? VN. Ly' do la` cho mo^.t ng` thi` ca? bo.n cha.y theo
ba'm ca? buo^?i, kha'ch du li.ch kho^ng co`n la`m gi`
ddu+o+.c nu+~a. 

DDo.c n~ sa'ch na`y, ngay ca? n~ quye^?n no'i ra(`ng
"tuye^.t ddo^'i kho^ng cho tie^`n", kho^ng ai nghi~ ra(`ng
n~ ng` vie^'t sa'ch la` thie^'u lo`ng nha^n, cu~ng kho^ng ai
nghi~ ra(`ng ho. no'i "never" co' nghi~a la` ho. thu+.c su+.
khuye^n nghi~a dden nhu+ the^'. Ng` ddo.c se~ hie^?u ra(`ng
ti`nh hi`nh panhandling o+? VN ba^y gio+` la` nhu+ va^.y,
va` rule-of-thumb dde^? cu+ xu+? la` nhu+ the^', chu+'
kho^ng ai nghi~ la` *luo^n luo^n* pha?i la`m nhu+ the^'.

N~ sa'ch na`y kho^ng bao gio+` no'i: "dda^y chi? la`
rule-of-thumb, vie^'t ra vi` lo cho su+. an ninh va`
convenience cu?a ba.n. Le~ di~ nhie^n ba.n pha?i tu`y co+
ma` cu+ xu+?, kho^ng pha?i bao gio+` cu~ng ma'y mo'c la`m
nhu+ the^'". N~ ddie^`u na`y la` so+ dda(?ng, common sense
ma` ng` ddo.c pha?i tu+. hie^?u la^'y.

Tu+o+ng tu+. va^.y, khi to^i vie^'t cho ca'c ba'c DHS kha'c,
to^i dda~ vie^'t du+.a tre^n mo^.t so^' gia? thuye^'t so+
dda(?ng va` common sense gio^'ng nhu+ trong tru+o+`ng ho+.p
travel books no'i tre^n. N~ gia? thuye^'t cu?a to^i la`
chu'ng ta dde^`u bie^'t chu'ng ta ddang no'i chuye^.n
security (va` convenience), chu+' kho^ng pha?i chuye^.n
charity hay chuye^.n relationship; va` n~ gi` to^i no'i
kho^ng ne^n hie^?u ma'y mo'c hoa`n toa`n theo nghi~a dden,
chi? ne^n hie^?u la` rule-of-thumb.

DDa^y la` n~ ddie^`u so+ dda(?ng to^'i thie^?u ma` ng` ddo.c
pha?i hie^?u. To^i kho^ng nghi~ la` ba'c nga^y tho+ dde^'n
mu+'c kho^ng hie^?u n~ chuye^.n ddo', dde^? hie^?u sang
nghi~a dden, cho la` to^i ba?o ddu+`ng bao gio+` cho tie^`n,
ro^`i suy ra la` "kho^ng co' lo`ng nha^n"...nghe ra^'t
buo^`n cu+o+`i va` cu? chuo^'i (sorry ba'c). 

Chi? co`n hai kha? na(ng. Mo^.t la` ba'c hie^?u chuye^.n
nhu+ng co^' ti`nh hie^?u nha^`m dde^? cho.c ngoa'y to^i do
ba'c dda~ co' va^'n dde^` vo+'i to^i tu+` tru+o+'c. Ne^'u
nhu+ va^.y thi` ca'ch cho.c ngoa'y na`y do+? ho+i qua',
kho^ng no'i la`m gi`. 

Hai la` ba'c qua? thu+.c kho^ng hie^?u n~ assumptions tre^n,
va` hie^?u ma'y mo'c hoa`n toa`n theo nghi~a dden n~ gi`
to^i vie^'t. Ne^'u nhu+ the^' na`y thi` to^i cu~ng pha^`n
na`o hie^?u ddu+o+.c, vi` tha`nh tha^.t ma` no'i, to^i va^~n
tha^'y co' mo^.t ca'i cultural gap ra^'t to giu+~a n~ ng`
trong va` ngoa`i n'c (to^i ddang ddo^.ng dde^'n o^? ong
dda^y). 

No'i cho nga('n go.n thi` co`n ra^'t n` lu'c hai anh o+?
trong n'c va` ngoa`i n'c no'i chuye^.n du+.a tre^n hai
assumptions kha'c ha(?n nhau. Anh o+? trong n'c thu+o+`ng
co' n~ ca'i assumptions down-to-earth ho+n, anh ngoa`i n'c
thu+o+`ng co' n~ ca'i noble, lofty ho+n (co' le~ la` vi`
ddu? a(n ro^`i ne^n co' tho+`i gian dde^? nghi~ chuye^.n
noble). Cha(?ng ha.n cu`ng mo^.t chuye^.n to^i khuye^n, to^i
va` cha('c la` pha^`n lo+'n ca'c ba'c DHS dde^`u hie^?u
dda^y la` mo^.t chuye^.n down-to-earth, mang ti'nh security.
Ba'c thi` la.i cu+' pha?i nhe't chuye^.n charity va`o. Kho^?
the^'. Anh trong n'c hay no'i chuye^.n theo nghi~a bo'ng
ho+n, hay kho^i ha`i kie^?u gallow, black humor ho+n, hay
no'i nu+?a ddu`a nu+?a tha^.t ho+n; anh ngoa`i n'c hay
hie^?u mo.i chuye^.n serious ho+n, theo nghi~a dden ho+n vv
va` vv.

Tuy nhie^n, ne^'u dda~ thu+`a nha^.n co' cultural gap va`
co' hai he^. assumptions kha'c nhau thi` khi no'i chuye^.n
i't ra la` ba'c cu~ng ne^n ca^?n tha^.n, dda^u co' pha?i
cu+' xo^ng ra pha'n ddu+o+.c. Nha^.p gia pha?i tu`y tu.c
chu+'. Ba'c muo^'n discuss n~ chuye^.n di'nh da'ng dde^'n
DHS thi` i't ra ba'c pha?i hie^?u n~ assumptions, hoa`n
ca?nh, va^'n dde^`, ca'ch no'i chuye^.n cu?a DHS ro^`i ha~y
no'i. Ne^'u chu+a bie^'t thi` pha?i la('ng nghe hoa(.c ho?i
chu+'. DDa^u co' the^? cu+' ddem n~ ca'i interpretation cua?
ba'c ra du`ng, misinterpret y' cu?a ng` no'i, ro^`i pha'n
ng` ta ba(`ng n~ ca^u xu'c pha.m nhu+ "thie^'u lo`ng nha^n"
ddu+o+.c. Gia? su+? ba'c ddu+a chuye^.n no^.i bo^. cu?a
co^.ng ddo^`ng VK ra ba`n, to^i cu~ng dda^u co' xo^ng ra
no'i bu+`a ddu+o+.c. 

Co`n ba'c ba?o chuye^.n/n~ ca'i nhi`n/suy nghi~ cu?a DHS
kha'c gi` hoa(.c cu~ng kho^ng ne^n kha'c ng` ba?n xu+', ne^n
ba'c ddu? kha? na(ng dde^? ba`n va` pha'n xe't, la` ba'c
nha('m ma('t no'i lie^`u dda^'y. Ba'c kho^ng ne^n dda'nh
gia' mi`nh cao nhu+ the^'. To^i chi? ddo+n cu+? va`i vi' du.
ta.i sao DHS kha'c ng` ba?n xu+': n` DHS mo+'i sang, la. n'c
la. ca'i, dda(.c bie^.t ho. ra^'t lo cho vo+. con em u't
cu?a ho. la` n~ ng` co' khi no'i ra^'t i't tie^'ng Anh, ma`
co`n i't hie^?u bie^'t ve^` n'c so+? ta.i nhu+ ho. So^'
ddo^ng DHS kho^ng co' y' ddi.nh ddi.nh cu+. N` DHS pha?i
tie^'t kie^.m tu+`ng xu dde^? a(n ho.c, hoa(.c dde^? ho^~
tro+. ng` tha^n o+? nha`...

Khi ba'c tranh lua^.n, mong ba'c la`m o+n ddo.c cho ky~ n~
gi` ng` kha'c vie^'t. DDa^'y cu~ng la` ba'c to^n tro.ng ba'c
va` to^n tro.ng ng` ddo^'i thoa.i. To^i chu+a bao gio+`
vie^'t: "du+'t khoa't kho^ng cho tie^`n" nhu+ ba'c tri'ch.
To^i cu~ng kho^ng du`ng tu+` "homeless people", to^i du`ng
tu+` "panhandler". Hai tu+` na`y nghi~a kha'c nhau ba'c a.
To^i cu~ng y' thu+'c ddu+o+.c chuye^.n qua' khi'ch trong
co^.ng ddo^`ng VK kha'c vo+'i qua' khi'ch panhandler va`
drug dealers. Nhu+ng khi vie^'t chung ve^` ca'c va^'n dde^`
security cho DHS thi` vie^'t chung la` qua' khi'ch cho
nhanh, nhu+ng cho tu+` "qua' khi'ch" va`o trong ngoa(.c
ke'p. Ba'c co' le~ kho^ng hie^?u ca'ch du`ng ngoa(.c ke'p
trong n~ tru+o+`ng ho+.p the^' na`y nghi~a la` nhu+ the^'
na`o, hoa(.c kho^ng dde^? y', ne^n dda~ pha^n ti'ch chu+~
qua' khi'ch to^i du`ng ra tha`nh n` va^'n dde^`. Ta.i sao
ba'c thi'ch tho+ phu' the^' ma` dde^'n lu'c ddo^.ng dde^'n
n~ tu+` ngu+~ na`y ba'c la.i kho^ng bo? tho+`i gian ra suy
nga^~m dde^? hie^?u n~ y' te^' nhi. cu?a ng` vie^'t nhi?.

Co`n chuye^.n ba'c so sa'nh to^i vo+'i ba'c AV cu~ng co'
pha^`n ddu'ng, nhu+ng chi? la` o+? nha^.n ddi.nh chung ve^`
ca'ch vie^'t va` ca'ch tie^'p ca^.n va^'n dde^` cu?a ba'c
tho^i. :-)

Ha?i.