Ba'o VN: Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'

[AnHai Doan <anhai@cs.washington.edu>]

Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'

Nguye^~n Va(n Huye^n=20
Ba'o Ngu+o+`i Ha` No^.i So^' 11 (15/3/1997)

Ha` No^.i nga`n na(m va(n hie^'n, vo+'i be^` da`y li.ch su+? :"Co^?
Loa-Tha(ng long-Ddo^ng Ddo^- Ha` No^.i ddang chua^?n bi. tie^'n to+'i ky?
nie^.m Thu? ddo^ Vie^.t Nam nga`n tuo^?i va`o dda^`u the^' ky? XXI. Ha` No^=
.i
gia?i pho'ng kho?i a'ch ddo^ ho^. thu+.c da^n cu~ng dda~ 43 na(m (10-10=C41=
954)
nhu+ng tie^'c thay, ma(.c du` co' mo^.t kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia', nhu+ng
chu'ng ta chu+a xa^y du+.ng ddu+o+.c mo^.t ba?o ta`ng Tha(ng Long tu+o+ng
xu+'ng vo+'i Thu? ddo^ nga`n tuo^?i cu?a chu'ng ta.=20

Dda^`u na(m Ddinh Su+?u na`y, mo^.t tin vui dde^'n vo+'i ddo^`ng ba`o va`
chie^'n si~ Thu? ddo^ cu~ng nhu+ ca? nu+o+'c. Ba?o ta`ng Ha` No^.i pho^'i
ho+.p vo+'i Ba?o ta`ng Li.ch Su+? Vie^.t Nam tru+ng ba`y "co^? va^.t Tha(ng
Long - Ha` No^.i" ta.i Ba?o ta`ng Li.ch Su+? so^' 1 Tra`ng Tie^`n.=20

Ma(.c da^`u die^.n ti'ch tru+ng ba`y co' ha.n, mo+'i chi? co' 276 hie^.n
va^.t ddu+o+.c gio+'i thie^.u (trong to^?ng so^' ho+n 6000 hie^.n va^.t)
cu~ng mo^.t pha^`n the^? hie^.n qua' tri`nh li.ch su+? pha't trie^?n Thu?
ddo^ nu+o+'c ta qua ca'c su+u ta^.p quy' gia'.=20

Tro^'ng ddo^`ng co^? la` su+u ta^.p co^? nha^'t, quy' gia' nha^'t trong so^=
'
co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i. Tro^'ng Co^? Loa li.ch su+? trong lo`ng chu+'a ho+n 2=
00
hie^.n va^.t ddo^`ng thau ddu? ca? co^ng cu., vu~ khi', nha.c khi', du.ng c=
u.
sinh hoa.t, ddo^` trang su+'c, ddo^` go^'m v.v... kha(?ng ddi.nh mo^.t trun=
g
ta^m kinh te^', qua^n su+. sa^`m ua^'t tu+` ca'ch dda^y ho+n 2000 na(m.
Tro^'ng Co^? Loa la` mo^.t trong na(m tro^'ng Ddo^ng So+n co^? nha^'t, dde.=
p
nha^'t cu?a nu+o+'c ta (Ngo.c Lu~, Hoa`ng Ha`, So^ng Dda` va` tro^'ng dde^?
o+? Ba?o ta`ng Vie^n nu+o+'c a'o). Ha` No^.i co' mo^.t kho tro^'ng ddo^`ng
co^?  quy' gia' to+'i 16 chie^'c go^`m ddu? ca'c ki'ch thu+o+'c lo+'n nho?,
ddu? ca'c loa.i hi`nh, nie^n dda.i, tu+` ca'c tro^'ng ddo^`ng Ddo^ng So+n,
tu+` nhu+~ng the^' ky? tru+o+'c Co^ng Nguye^n dde^'n Ca?nh Thi.nh ba't nie^=
n
1800) ti`m ddu+o+.c o+? la`ng Phu` Ninh thuo^.c huye^.n Gia La^m. Rie^ng su=
+u
ta^.p tro^'ng ddo^`ng co^? sa'ng gia' na`y cu?a Ha` No^.i chi? ddu+'ng sau
Ba?o ta`ng Li.ch Su+? quo^'c gia va` co' the^? sa'nh vai vo+'i nhie^`u ba?o
ta`ng gia`u tro^'ng ddo^`ng nhu+ Thanh Hoa', Nghe^. An, Ha` Ta^y, Phu' Tho.=
.=20

Be^n ca.nh su+u ta^.p tro^'ng ddo^`ng co^?, su+u ta^.p ddo^` ddo^`ng tho+`i
phong kie^'n co' nie^n dda.i tu+` the^' ky? 17 dde^'n the^' ky? 20 cu~ng
la^`n dda^`u tie^n ddu+o+.c tru+ng ba`y. Ddo' la` ca'c a^'m ddo^`ng, tu+o+.=
ng
voi, lo. hoa, ddo^` "tam su+." tho+` cu'ng, tu+o+.ng pha^.t Di La(.c, lu+
ddi?nh ca'c kie^?u, chuo^ng ddo^`ng, tu+o+.ng con ha.c, ma^m, choe', tu+o+.=
ng
nghe^. thua^.t, hai bi`nh vo^i.=20

Su+u ta^.p ddo^` go^ go^`m hai nho'm - tu+o+.ng Pha^.t va` go^~ cha.m phu`
ddie^u so+n son the^'p va`ng, hie^'m, nhu+ng quan tro.ng nha^'t la` ca'c
tu+o+.ng Di La(.c, Quan The^' A^m, Thi'ch Ca v.v... Nho'm hie^.n va^.t go^~
kha?m trai chu? ye^'u la` nhu+~ng va^.t gia du.ng nhu+ ho^.p,
 khay, tra'p, bi`nh hoa, nie^n dda.i the^' ky? 19, dda^`u the^' ky? 20 gio+=
'i
thie^.u ba`n tay va`ng ta`i hoa cu?a nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i tho+. thu? co^ng xu+a=
.=20

Trung ta^m cu?a pho`ng tru+ng ba`y la` su+u ta^.p go^'m su+' go^`m hai nho'=
m
:  Go^'m dda^'t nung va` go^'m men.  Nho'm go^'m dda^'t nung chu? ye^'u la`
nhu+~ng phe^' ti'ch kie^'n tru'c khai qua^.t va` su+u ta^`m ddu+o+.c trong
nhie^`u tha^.p ky?  o+? khu vu+.c Ngo.c Ha` - Qua^`n Ngu+.a, Tha`nh Tha(ng
Long xu+a co' nie^n dda.i the^' ky? 11-13 go^`m ga.ch nmgo'i co^?, chim
phu+o+.ng, la' dde^` trang tri' dda^`u ro^`ng, dda^`u su+ tu+?, tu+o+.ng qu=
y`
cha^n tha'p, ca'c tu+o+.ng dda^`u ngu+o+`i, dda^`u su+ tu+?, phu+o+.ng ca'c
co+~, tu+o+.ng cho'. Trong so^' na`y co' mo^.t tha'p dda^'t nung kha' nguye=
^n
ven dde.p nha^'t 8 ta^`ng, cao 1m52, dde^? ga^`n vuo^ng, ca.nh 46x48 cm.=20

Nho'm go^'m co' men chie^'n so^' lu+o+.ng chu? ye^'u cu?a pho`ng tru+ng ba`=
y
go^`m nhu+~ng di va^.t tu+ tho+`i Ly' - Tra^`n dde^'n tho+`i Nguye^~n.=20

Ddo^` go^'m co' men chie^'m so^' lu+o+.ng chu?  ye^'u cu?a pho`ng tru+ng ba=
`y
go^`m nhu+~ng di va^.t tu+` tho+`i Ly' Tra^`n dde^'n tho+`i Nguye^~n.=20

Ddo^` go^'m men Ly' Tra^`n (the^' ky? 11-14) phong phu' nha^'t co' nhie^`u
loa.i hi`nh, kie^?u da'ng kha'c nhau go^`m ca'c loa.i ba't, ddi~a, a^u,
lie^~n, tha.p, a^'m, lui, vo`, cha^.u, bi`nh vo^i, na^.m. Dda(.c bie^.t co'
nhu+~ng dda`i tho+`i hoa sen ra^'t dde.p. Ma`u men tho+`i na`y la`m kha' ky=
~,
tra'ng ca? trong la^~n ngoa`i go^`m ca'c loa.i men nga`, xanh ngo.c, tra('n=
g
xanh, lam dden, na^u, xa'm, pho^? bie^'n nha^'t la` men nga` va` xanh ngo.c=
..
Mo^.t so^' co' men hoa na^u tie^u bie^?u cu?a tho+`i Tra^`n.=20

Nho'm go^'m men tho+`i Le^ Ma.c (the^' ky? 15-16) go^`m ca'c loa.i ba't
ddi~a, lo., a^'m, cha^n dde`n, a^u, lie^~n, ddie^'u, ba't hu+o+ng, na^.m.
Chie^'c long ddi`nh tra'ng men ma`u tra('ng xa'm, dda('p no^?i la` di va^.t
quy' hie^'m o+? the^' ky? 17.  Trang tri' hoa va(n ve~ lam la` chi'nh vo+'i
ca'c hi`nh chim, ca', hoa sen, hoa cu'c... Sa?n pha^?m go^'m tho+`i na`y va=
`
ca? tho+`i Nguye^~n chu? ye^'u cu?a la`ng nghe^` Ba't Tra`ng ven kinh tha`n=
h
Tha(ng Long (nay thuo^.c huye^.n Gia La^m-Ha` No^.i).=20

Nho'm go^'m men tho+`i Nguye^~n (the^' ky? 19-20) chu? ye^'u la` bi`nh lo.,
na^.m ru+o+.u, bi`nh vo^i tie^'p no^'i truye^`n tho^'ng ve~ lam tho+`i Le^
Ma.c, nhu+ng loa.i hi`nh va` hoa va(n kho^ng phong phu' ba(`ng.=20

Xem nhu+~ng su+u ta^.p quy' cu?a pho`ng tru+ng ba`y "Co^? va^.t Tha(ng Long=
 -
Ha` No^.i" mo^~i chu'ng ta ca`ng the^m tu+. ha`o ve^` nhu+~ng di sa?n cu?a
o^ng cha dde^? la.i, ddu'ng nhu+ lo+`i ba`i ha't cu?a Nguye^n Ddi`nh Thi
"Dda^y Tha(ng Long, dda^y Ddo^ng Ddo^, dda^y Ha` No^.i, Ha` No^.i me^'n
ye^u".=20