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VNSA-L digest 291
VNSA-L Digest 291
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) VN Buss. News (Mar. 19-20, 1997)
by Vu Thanh Ca <vuca@envi.env.civil.saitama-u.ac.jp>
2) Re:Ba'o VN: Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'
by Yurong@oes.itri.org.tw
3) RE: One question to everybody
by Tuan Pham <tuan.pham@unsw.edu.au>
4) Re: Vietnam and China
by Aiviet Nguyen <aiviet@cat.syr.edu>
5) Re: Tho+
by Aiviet Nguyen <aiviet@cat.syr.edu>
6) Re: Tho+
by "Toan" <toan@usa.net>
7) Re:Ba'o VN: Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'
by hduc@airmoon.epa.nsw.gov.au
8) Re:Re: Vietnam and China
by Yurong@oes.itri.org.tw
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic No. 1
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 1997 11:40:09 +0900
From: Vu Thanh Ca <vuca@envi.env.civil.saitama-u.ac.jp>
To: viet-khsv@is.aist-nara.ac.jp, vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Subject: VN Buss. News (Mar. 19-20, 1997)
Message-ID: <9703210238.AA00733@envi.env.civil.saitama-u.ac.jp>
Mar 20: MoA for Vietnam venture
Mar 20: Vietnam: VSIP Industrial Park Can License Own Projects
Mar 20: IHC Caland/Vietnam Order: 30% Owned By Mitsubishi
Mar 20: Vietnam's US$4bn repair bill
Mar 19: Vietnamese official starts trade talks in Iraq
Mar 19: Vietnam: Thais encounter hurdles with real estate projects ...
Mar 19: San Miguel converts Vietnam joint venture to 100 percent company
Mar 19: Vietnam economy entering a "critical phase" says US delegation
Mar 19: Foreign investors take new look at Vietnam's prospects
Mar 19: U.S.-Vietnam Trade Pact Seen Possible By End Of 1997
Thursday, Mar 20, 1997
MoA for Vietnam venture
Singapore (Straits Times) -- GEAHIN Engineering Bhd has signed a
memorandum of agreement with Epco Ltd to jointly develop a US$42
million (RM105 million) shopping and entertainment complex in
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Epco is partly owned by the Vietnamese Government.
Geahin said in a statement to the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange
yesterday that the project would be developed in phases and when
fully completed would have two levels of carpark and five levels of
lettable floor.
The company has appointed architects and consultants for the
project, who are currently preparing the drawings and documents for
submission to the Department for Planning and Investment in the city
and the Ministry of Planning and Investment Committee for approval.
Thursday, Mar 20, 1997
Vietnam: VSIP Industrial Park Can License Own Projects
Hanoi (DJ) -- In a step intended to facilitate foreign investment, the
Vietnamese government for the first time has authorized an industrial
park to license its own investment projects.
The Vietnam Singapore Industrial Park Joint Venture Co. (VSIP) will be
allowed to license most projects with a total value of less than $40 million
that are proposed to be located within it, Cheong Kai-Kong, the park's
general director, said in a telephone interview Thursday.
An official at the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), speaking on
condition of anonymity, confirmed that VSIP is the first industrial park to
get such authorization, although other parks also have applied for the
right.</p>
According to Cheong, the committee that will license projects at VSIP is
composed of officials from a number of different Vietnamese ministries. It
doesn't actually include any officials from VSIP itself.</p>
Cheong said he is confident the committee, which is formally known as the
management board, will decide on proposed investment projects within the 45
days specified by Vietnamese law.</p>
Many projects requiring approval at the national level fail to be evaluated
in the stipulated timeframe, which is usually about 60 days.</p>
Indications industrial parks would get to authorize their own projects were
contained in Vietnam's recently revised foreign investment law.</p>
A frequent complaint from foreign investors in Vietnam has been about the
amount of time required for a project to gain all necessary approvals to
move ahead. By decentralizing some decision-making away from Hanoi, the
government hopes approvals can flow more rapidly.</p>
VSIP, which is located about 20 kilometers north of Ho Chi Minh City in Song
Be province, aims to have its first factory operating in about two months,
Cheong said.</p>
Ground breaking for the 500-hectare park occurred last May.</p>
About 75% of the infrastructure in the 100-hectare first phase is now
complete, Cheong said.</p>
The park's joint-venture partners include Singapore's Sembawang Industrial
Pte. Ltd. (P.SWG), Jurong Town Corp., UOL Overseas Investments Pte. Ltd.
(P.UOL), Singapore government holding company Temasek Holdings Pte. Ltd. as
well as a unit of Japan's Mitsubishi Corp. (J.MIT) and a member of
Indonesia's Salim Group.</p>
The Vietnamese partner is government-owned Song Be Import-Export Trading Co.
Thursday, Mar 20, 1997
IHC Caland/Vietnam Order: 30% Owned By Mitsubishi
Schiedam, The Netherlands (DJ) -- Dutch marine technology company IHC Caland
NV said Thursday it has received a three-year contract, with a renewal option,
from Japan Vietnam Petroleum Corporation for the lease and operation of a
Floating Production Storage and Offloading System (FPSO) to be used in the
development of Rand Dong oil field off shore from Vietnam.
he FPSO, made from a converted secondhand tanker, will come on stream
in mid 1998.
The FPSO will be 70% owned by IHC Caland's wholly-owned subsidiary SBM
Production Contractors Inc. and 30% owned by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
and Mitsubishi Corp, IHC Caland said in a press release.
Description: IHC Caland NV is a group of marine technology companies that
derives about half its revenues from the design and construction of dredging
equipment.</p>
Activities in the off-shore oil industry make up the other half.</p>
Headquarters: s'Gravenlandseweg 557, 3100 AA Schiedam, The Netherlands</p>
Siginificant developments: In August 1995, the company received a 40 million
NLG dredger order from South Korea's Samsung Construction Co. IHC Caland
hopes this contract will give it a foothold in the Asian market.</p>
In June 1996, the company announced plans for a private placement of 2.06
million shares, which netted some 193 million NLG. IHC Caland said it needed
to strengthen its capital base given its projected orders for the
construction and operation of Floating Production and Storage Systems
(FPSOs/FSOs) used by oil companies.</p>
It plans to invest 475 million NLG in 1995 and 1996 in design and
construction of four FPSOs/FSOs for which long-term lease-operate contracts
have already been secured.</p>
All figures are in guilders.
Year to Year to 6 mos to 6 mos to
12/31/95 12/31/94 6/30/96 6/30/95
Net Profit 75.3 mln 64.2 mln 34.9 mln 36.6 mln
Revenue (a) 927.9 mln 886.3 mln 281 mln 378 mln
EPS 3.17 2.73 1.46 1.54
Div. 1.60 1.40 - -
(a) Revenue from completed work
Currency history (guilder vs dollar)
Unofficial 12/29/95 12/30/94 6/30/96 6/30/95
Fixing 1.6023 1.7351 1.7082 1.5504</pre>
Thursday, Mar 20, 1997
Vietnam's US$4bn repair bill
Hanoi (Asia Times) -- Vietnam needs billions of dollars in
investment before the year 2000 for essential upgrades of its
war-shattered and run-down transport infrastructure, a
senior government official said on Wednesday.
Deputy Minister for Transport and Communications Pham
Quang Tuyen said US$4 billion was needed, of which half
would come from international aid and investment and the
balance from domestic sources. He gave no indication how
the cash-strapped Hanoi government could raise such a
large sum. The money would be spent on improving roads,
the rail network, ports and river, and sea transport,
Tuyen said.
"In order to attract US$2 billion in foreign investment,
the Ministry of Transport's policy is to attract donors
under non-refundable assistance [and] preferential loans
from governments and international finance
institutions," Tuyen said at an international transport
infrastructure conference in Hanoi.
Vietnam estimates it needs about US$42 billion in
investment to meet the goals for its five-year economic
plan to take it up to the year 2000, of which about half
will have to come from domestic sources.
A foreign transport consultant was critical of Vietnam's
record to date. "The plans are grand and they are very
necessary if economic growth is to continue," he said.
"But disbursement of ODA [overseas development
assistance] and other concessional loans is slow, and
you have to ask the question: If Vietnam is really going
to be able to come up with the billions of dollars it
needs from domestic sources?"
Tuyen said that Hanoi also wanted to push
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) projects where foreign
investors shoulder full development costs in return for
sole operation for a given period. Last July, Vietnam
approved its largest infrastructure and BOT project to
date when it licensed a US$638 million container port
venture to the consortium which includes Taiwan's
Evergreen International; a subsidiary of Evergreen
Marine, MMC Ports of Malaysia, Singapore's Tredia
Resources and Vietnam Marine Corp.
The port will be built in the southern province of Ba
Ria-Vung Tau.
BOT road projects include an expressway near Ho Chi Minh
City and a ring-road around Hanoi, but Vietnam's fast
changing and unclear legal and regulatory environment
leaves BOT an unattractive proposition for many
potential investors.
Vietnam's roads and railways were devastated during the
Vietnam War, and in the last 20 years, economic
mismanagement and soaring inflation left the country
unable to pay for even basic maintenance.
Vietnam's roads run for more than 140,000km but 74
percent are single lane, and of the total, only 13
percent are paved.
The rail network covers 2,600km but much of it dates
back to the first half of the century. Vietnam Railways
said many rail bridges were unsafe and trains had to
slow to speeds as low as five kilometers an hour to
cross. Many tunnels suffer water penetration and in some
cases, tunnel linings have cracked or caved in. Most of
the signaling systems are obsolete and were manufactured
by China between 1950 and 1960.
Tuyen said the country's transportation network was in
very poor condition, that 20 percent of the railways,
especially the bridges, needed improving and that
construction technology and the transportation industry
was backward, insufficient and dispersed.
Up to the end of 1996, Tuyen said his ministry was
involved in 26 foreign invested projects worth US$1
billion, of which 83 percent came from international
finance institutions or bilateral assistance. The three
biggest donors were the World Bank, Asian Development
Bank (ADB) and Japan's Overseas Economic Cooperation
Fund. "The proportion of non-refundable aid is still not
remarkable and occupies only 9.7 percent of the total
investment," Tuyen said.
Vietnamese press reports on Monday said the US$141
million construction on a key section of Highway One,
the main artery linking Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, had
been severely delayed by bureaucratic tangles,
infighting among contractors over finance and land
clearance problems.
After 15 months of a projected three-year construction
period, only 20 percent of the 435km section between Ho
Chi Minh City and the coastal city of Nha Trang had been
completed, the official Vietnam Investment Review said.
It added that one foreign contractor had been fined
US$1.7 million for breach of contract.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
Vietnamese official starts trade talks in Iraq
BAGHDAD (Reuter) - Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Phan Van Khai began
trade talks with Iraqi officials, Baghdad newspapers reported on Wednesday.
The papers said Khai was accompanied by the minister of agriculture as well
as trade and foreign ministry officials. They said the talks were held with
Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister Mohammed Hamza al-Zubeidi.
Vietnam along with Pakistan and Thailand have been supplying Iraq with its
needs of rice, estimated at about one million tonnes a year.
Since 1990, when sanctions were imposed on Iraq for invading Kuwait, Vietnam
has been exporting to Iraq an average of 100,000 tonnes of rice and 4,000
tonnes of black tea.
``The aim of our visit is to discuss with Iraqi officials trade and economic
cooperation,'' Khai told al-Thwara newspaper.
Diplomats in Baghdad said that Khai wanted to secure large rice sales to
Iraq under its oil-for-food deal signed with the United Nations.
Under the deal which was put into effect in December Iraq is allowed to sell
$2 billion worth of oil over six months to buy food and medicine for its
population, suffering from U.N. sanctions imposed for its invasion of Kuwait
in 1990. No food or medical supplies have yet reached the country.
Iraq and U.N. sources said on Monday more than 170,000 tonnes of wheat, bought
under the pact, were due in Iraq in late March or early April.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
Vietnam: Thais encounter hurdles with real estate projects: Sudden changes
in regulations cited </B></A>
By Achara Ashayagachat, Bangkok Post
Hanoi -- Thailand's property developers are feeling the squeeze not only
on the home front, but also in Vietnam.
Attracted by Vietnam's high demand for residential and office buildings,
Thai investors moved in with several projects and are now finding snags.
Surprisingly, many of them, including S.A.S. and Oriental Park, had no
experience in the sector and planned to handle marketing themselves. A
few well-known names such as Christiani & Nielsen and Central Pattana
have made little headway despite pumping in money for a few years.
Central Pattana spent more than two years negotiating with a local
partner, Ngo Gia Tu, an affiliate of the Transport and Communications
Ministry, to build a hotel for US100 million in Hanoi's prime business
area, Phan Chu Trinh Street.
"The project is now on hold since Hanoi is conducting urban planning.
That piece of land may be preserved or put under more restrict control,"
said a Ngo Gia Tu executive.
Central Pattana's planned $700-million commercial and residential complex
adjoining the Ben Thanh market in Ho Chi Minh City has yet to win
government approval.
The company is also replacing a Swiss form, Noga, as a partner in
building a business centre in Ho Chi Minh City. Negotiations are
continuing.
"Thai developers, like other foreign investors in Vietnam, are also
experiencing cumbersome procedures and sudden changes in regulations,"
said a Thai banker who asked not to be named.
Among projects striking difficulties is Hanoi Plaza. Christiani & Neilsen
took it over from Singaporeans and then had to redesign the building --
originally planned as shopping mall, hotel and apartments -- to suit the
market, said sources connected with the venture.
C&N had to improve aspects of the joint venture and battle rumours that
the project had gone bankrupt.
One problem was the announcement of height limits on buildings around
Hoan Kiem lake. "Before and even after last year's [Communist Party]
congress, tighter control of foreign-invested projects was prevalent.
There was a fear that foreign partners were exploiting Hanoi," the source
said.
C&N had to change its original design which had a five-storey building
in front and an eight-storey building at the rear.
Foreign consultants suggest Thai developers have no choice but to battle
to stay afloat in a very competitive environment. "But there's still a
room for them if they put their stake in the right places. Hanoi and Ho
Chi Minh City seem too crowded," one source said.
In the northern port city of Haiphong and tourism hub of Quang Ninh,
hotels should do better because there was less competition, the
consultants said.
In Haiphong, Minor Group and Quality House, planning the Royal Garden
resort, are awaiting a revised licence to allow them to participate in
a $12-million hotel near the port. A Vietnamese partner holds 30% of the
project, and IPEM of Belgium and its partners 21%.
If all goes well, construction should be finished this year, according
to Bart de Smith, IPEM's representative in Hanoi.
Construction of floating hotels in Halong Bay, Quang Ninh province, is
proceeeding well, according to industry sources.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
San Miguel converts Vietnam joint venture to 100 percent company
HANOI (AFP) - San Miguel International is
finalizing arrangements to convert its joint-venture
brewery in Vietnam to a wholly foreign investment, a San
Miguel official said Wednesday.
As part of the restructuring, the project, Golden Dragon
Brewery will be recapitalised from 29.4 to 40 million
dollars, Victor Aquino, Golden Dragon general director told
AFP.
San Miguel of the Philippines will retain a 51 percent
stake, while its Hong Kong-based holding company, Dragon
Island Ltd will take a 49 percent stake, he said.
Aquino said that the local Vietnamese partners, which
included a private investor and the state-owned Khanh Hoa
Brewery near the coastal city of Nha Trang pulled out of
the project because of cash flow problems.
"The local partners were apprehensive about the losses we
had to incur initially, so they backed out," he said. The
initial joint venture contract was signed in 1994, but
stiff competition has made things tougher on beer ventures.
However Aquino said the brewery, which came on stream last
year with an annual capacity of 300,000 hectalitres will
break even within two years.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
Vietnam economy entering a "critical phase" says US delegation
HANOI (AFP) - The leader of a high level private
US business group on Wednesday called on Vietnam to focus
on its core abilities such as agriculture and food
processing.
Ernest Bower, president of the US-Association of Southeast
East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Business Council, warned that
Vietnam's policy of seeking to replace imports with its own
goods would lead to inefficiencies.
ASEAN groups Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
Vietnam could be left behind after it joins the ASEAN Free
Trade Area (AFTA) and the World Trade Organization unless
it exploits its comparative advantages, Bower told AFP.>
AFTA is a proposed regional free trade area due to come
into force by 2003, with Vietnam joining in 2006.
"They need to focus on their core competencies like
agriculture and food processing. We said to the Vietnamese:
'Why not get moving on those things and get on top of
ASEAN, rather than let it roll over you,'" he said.
Bower warned that Vietnam's import-substitution oriented
trade policy was coddling inefficient state-owned
enterprises (SOEs) that would not survive the competitive
pressures of joining AFTA.
"They (SOEs) are going to be lonely and bankrupt if they
don't realise that," he said.
"This is the most critical time in the Vietnamese economy.
There an enormous amount of change needed in the next three
years. Either they are going to get on top of reforms or
they are going to get wiped out by Asean," he said.
Bower led a three-day delegation to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City with representatives from Eastman Kodak, McDonald's
Corp and feedmill giant Cargill Inc. The council is a
private organization.
He said the group's main goal was to promote US foreign
direct investment and especially to convince Hanoi of what
needs to be done to sustain investor interest.
"Investors aren't going to invest in Vietnam's protected
industries if we don't see the economic of core
competencies in Vietnam," he said.
He said the delegation viewed Vietnam's role as the low
cost labour centre for the AFTA, which Vietnam will become
a full member of by 2006.
"Their niche is labour intensive. We encouraged them to
think of how foreign investors should at it that way," he
said.
For example McDonald's is looking at Vietnam as a potential
supplier of beef and potatoes for all of Asean, he said.
"McDonald's isn't looking at Vietnam for just a few
franchises. It looks at global strategies. They need ASEAN
economies of scale and Vietnam is very important in that
strategy," he said.
In talks with senior officials from the Ministry of
Planning and Investment, the State Bank of Vietnam and the
Ministry of Industry Bower said the government was
receptive to his concerns.
"We found a sympathetic ear, with the right people saying
the right things. There was a more sophisticated
understanding of what we see as the high level government
commitment," he said.
However Bowers said he knew Vietnam well enough to realise
that promises are one thing and implementation are quite
another.
"The political decision has been set, but the
implementation is pretty byzantine. The proof is in the
pudding," he said.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
Foreign investors take new look at Vietnam's prospects
by Pascale Trouillaud
HO CHI MINH CITY (AFP) - Having seen an initial
period of euphoria give way to disillusionment last year,
foreign investors are taking stock of Vietnam as the pace
of foreign investment enters a plateau.
However, despite persistent legal and commercial obstacles
businessmen in Ho Chi Minh City believe that after the
current re-evaluation, Vietnam will eventually make good on
its promise in the long run.
During this period of regrouping, foreigners are
increasingly eying prospects in the north.
While Ho Chi Minh City remains Vietnam's economic engine,
the 160 kilometre (100 mile) corridor linking Hanoi with
the port city of Haiphong has become increasingly
attractive to foreign investors.
Japan's Toyota Motor Corp. expects to start production at
its 35 million dollar auto assembly plant outside Hanoi and
Daewoo Corp., Vietnam's biggest foreign investor, has six
projects in the north with plans for more.
One reason is that Hanoi wants to divert some of the
investment away from the hurly burly south where investment
approvals are expected to plateau this year.
Ho Chi Minh City, the former Saigon, where roughly 64
percent of the 2,400 foreign representative offices have
set up shop, ressembles a vast construction site with
jackhammers and cranes and continues to be the driving
force behind Vietnam's economic openness.
"Saigon is the locomotive. There is more cash flow here and
the people have the entrepreneurial spirit," said an
American lawyer.
But the boom in Ho Chi Minh City is giving way to a plateau
in new investment.
"We certainly don't anticipate any spectacular jump in the
granting of licences this year," said Nguyen Dinh Mai, vice
director of the department of planning and investment in Ho
Chi Minh City.
New projects worth about 2 billion dollars should be
realised this year, compared to 2.2 billion dollars last
year and 2.1 billion in 1995, he said.
"We should be able to sustain a rhythm of about two billion
but we need to improve the rate of realisation of committed
investments," he said.
More than 25 billion dollars in foreign investment projects
have been approved since 1988, but only about a quarter has
actually been disbursed.
The pattern of future investment is also likely to change.
"Investments which Vietnam considers priority projects will
become more important: there will be more and more calls
for funding of ports, transportation, electricity," the
American lawyer said.
However Vietnam's murky laws, primitive financial sector
and labyrinthine bureaucracy have prevented foreign
investors from raising long-term finance they need for such
big ticket items.
Investment patterns this year are likely to evolve away
from speculative property and tourism projects which last
year accounted for the lion's share of Ho Chi Minh City's
projects, with 57 percent of new licences granted to
foreigners.
"The plateau is going to last, but that isn't discouraging
because there are plenty of projects in the pipeline. But
nobody should come here thinking they can make a quick
buck," a western banker said.
He figures that "in 1997 the progression won't be
spectacular. The danger is that foreign investors are
becoming disallusioned," he said.
Recent amendments in the foreign investment law passed last
October disappointed foreign investors who hoped Hanoi
would have done more to streamline licencing and to improve
investment incentives and lighten taxes.
Foreign investors are also becoming increasingly alarmed by
Vietnam's yawning trade gap, which topped 4 billion
dollars, or 17 percent of GDP last year.
They also sense resistance from the government and
Communist Party, which is determined to ensure the country
doesn't become "colonized" by foreign investment.
Wednesday, Mar 19, 1997
U.S.-Vietnam Trade Pact Seen Possible By End Of 1997
Hanoi (DJ) -- The approval of a comprehensive U.S.-Vietnam trade agreement is
possible before the end of 1997 despite some U.S. congressional opposition
and the uproar surrounding President Bill Clinton's fund raising activities,
the head of a prominent trade organization said Wednesday.
Ernest Z. Bower, president of the U.S.-ASEAN Council, said U.S. companies
are likely to have some access to U.S. Export-Import Bank (Eximbank) and
Overseas Private Investment Corp. (OPIC) funding by late July.
The Council represents the interests of about 450 U.S. corporations and
states concerned with U.S.-ASEAN trade issues.
Current members of Association of Southeast Asian Nations are: Brunei,
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Burma,
Cambodia and Laos are expected to gain full membership at mid-year.
President Clinton is 'very likely' to issue a waiver to the so-called
Jackson-Vanik amendment before June, Bower told a press briefing, but much
will depend upon an early April visit to Hanoi by U.S. Treasury Secretary
Robert Rubin.
A Jackson-Vanik waiver is necessary before Eximbank and Overseas Private
Investment Corp. funds can be used for projects in Vietnam.
But Bower cautioned that even after Eximbank lending is authorized, the
volume of funds available for Vietnam might be limited by incomplete
knowledge of Vietnam's economic position.
'They have to determine whether they can make safe loans to companies
operating in Vietnam. They might not swing open the doors to lending here,'
Bower said.
On the larger issue of when a comprehensive trade pact between the U.S.
and Vietnam will be reached, Bower said he was 'optimistic' this could
be finalized by the end of the year, in spite of hostility toward Vietnam's
communist government by some members of the U.S. Congress and other concerns
Clinton's controversial political fund raising from Asian companies might
somehow have influenced his decision to lift the trade embargo with Vietnam
in 1994.
Vietnam will gain most-favored-nation (MFN) trade status with the U.S.
as part of a trade agreement.
Bower made his comments at the end of a week-long trip to four ASEAN
states by a large delegation of U.S. corporate executives. The approximately
50 companies represented have total annual sales in ASEAN in excess of $20
billion, he said.
Vietnamese officials encouraged visiting delegation members to invest in
labor-intensive industries and agriculture, in particular the post-harvest
processing of agricultural products, Bower said.
Delegation members found a 'high-level commitment' among Vietnamese
officials to moving forward with economic reforms, but also encouraged
those officials to accelerate the implementation of reforms, particularly
in areas like land licensing and distribution, Bower said.
'Unless processes can be streamlined, investment money will flow
elsewhere,' Bower said.
There is an awareness among corporate planners in the U.S. of the slow,
bureaucratic and often unpredictable nature of doing business in Vietnam
and the government must move to address this, he said.
'There is a limited amount of capital and technology to invest.... The
money will flow where it will get a return,' Bower said.
Among the nations visited by the delegation - Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore and Vietnam - members found Indonesia 'probably has the broadest
range of opportunities,' Bower said, noting that Singapore and Malaysia now
focus on attracting primarily capital-intensive, high-technology investment.
------------------------------
Topic No. 2
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 1997 10:37:44 +0800
From: Yurong@oes.itri.org.tw
To: vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Subject: Re:Ba'o VN: Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'
Message-ID: <48256461:000D86C4.00@oesns4.oes.itri.org.tw>
Hi, anh Anhai
Thanks a lot for your emails on articles of Ba'o VN\.
><Ma(.c da^^`u die^^.n ti'ch tru+ng ba`y co' ha.n, mo+'i chi? co' 276 hie^^.n
>va^^.t ddu+o+.c gio+'i thie^^.u (trong to^^?ng so^^' ho+n 6000 hie^^.n va^^.t)
>cu~ng mo^^.t pha^^`n the^^? hie^^.n qua' tri`nh li.ch su+? pha't trie^^?n Thu?
>ddo^^ nu+o+'c ta qua ca'c su+u ta^^.p quy' gia'.=20
Were these things protected agaist temperature, humidity, bad environment
and/or other factors such like thieves, fires or other disasters ?
When I visit the musium in Saigon. I did not see anything used to protect
against temperature, humidity etc...
Regards
Vinh
------------------------------
Topic No. 3
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 1997 13:46:46 -0800
From: Tuan Pham <tuan.pham@unsw.edu.au>
To: vnsa-l <vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: RE: One question to everybody
Message-ID: <333301C6.3E83@unsw.edu.au>
Hi
In answer to question 2:
With 1 point you can fit a 0-th order polynomial (constant),
with 3 points a 1st order p. (plane)
with 6 points a 2nd order p., etc.
It's easy to solve for the coefficients by matrix inversion.
For intermediate number of points the problem is underdefined
e.g. through 2 points you can fit an infinite number of planes.
Cheers
Tuan Pham
>I have a good friend who is socjologist and he has one question to you:
>Consider the following elementary problem (interpolation's problem):
>Given n points in the Euclides space R^{3}. Find a smooth (minimal)
>
>Questions: 1) Is there a grafical program which can do that? (mathematica,
> plot, ...)
> 2) If we want to find a polynomial of 2 variables
> which has a graph containing n points, then are
> expressions of polynomial's coefficients known?
>
>Please a quick answear.
>SN
>
>BTW. The similar 2-dimensional problems are Newtonian and
> Lagrangian.
>
------------------------------
Topic No. 4
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 1997 22:21:58 -0500 (EST)
From: Aiviet Nguyen <aiviet@cat.syr.edu>
To: vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Subject: Re: Vietnam and China
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.970320220343.10841A-100000@lynx.cat.syr.edu>
Hi Ca'c Anh,
Suddenly it came to my mind that China had been involved in a lot of
quarrels with her
neighbors in this century, but never won totally. I hope that we will not
be an exception.
Look:
- War with USSR: China was totally defeated, so that after then the
russian can meats were called Chinese soldiers in East Europe.
- War with India: China victoried but only locally.
- Korean War: China baked more than haft million soldiers with a
limited success. She had to be satisfied with the existence of South Korea.
- War with Japan: A clear defeat. Without the global victory of
aliens, especially the direct participation of Russian Red Army, China
could have been a tragedy.
- Burma War: Not very impressive for China.
- War with Vietnam in 1979: Ridiculous soldier baking.
If the induction is true then we can conclude about the China power. She
might be only a "paper tiger".
Nga`y xu+a Trung Quo^'c the^` cho^'ng My~ cho dde^'n ngu+o+`i Vie^.t
nam cuo^'i cu`ng, ga^`n dda^y ho+n TQ the^` cho^'ng Vie^.t nam dde^'n
ngu+o+`i Ca(mpuchia cuo^'i cu`ng.
Vi` va^.y sau ma^'y nga`y, to^'i nay to^i la`m hai to^ pho+? xe lu+?a.
Cheers
Aiviet
------------------------------
Topic No. 5
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 1997 22:34:43 -0500 (EST)
From: Aiviet Nguyen <aiviet@cat.syr.edu>
To: vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Subject: Re: Tho+
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.970320222500.10841C-100000@lynx.cat.syr.edu>
I would like also to see Vietnam press Thailand to give an expression of
reponsibility about her pirates who made crimes against Viet boatmen.
An official apology is the least.
Su`ng Dda.o sao sa?n sinh mo^.t lu~ ha?i ta(.c kinh ngu+o+`i nhu+ va^.y.
Ddu'ng la` ca'i bo.n: Trai tho+`i tro^.m cu+o+'p, ga'i buo^n...
=============
I wonder whether VN would have to apologize some country and if I
sounded a litle bit apartheist.
Any way, I can recognize Trie^.u Vu~ dde^' as a Viet King regardless to
his Chines origine.
Cheer
On Wed, 19 Mar 1997, Truong Trong Hoang wrote:
> Ca'c ba'c tha^n me^'n,
>
> Me^'n go+?i -de^'n ca'c ba'c mo^.t ba`i tho+ ... con co'c tui la`m ve^` Tha'i
> Lan.
>
> Tru+o+ng Tro.ng Hoa`ng
> ----------
> CA?M HOA`I
>
> Tha'i Lan o+i ho+?i Tha'i Lan
> -Da^'t nu+o+'c tie^'ng nhanh pha't trie^?n
> Su`ng Vua nhu+ the^? tie^n tha^`n
> Ki'nh Pha^.t tu+.a kho^ng lay chuye^?n !
>
> Mo+'i nhi`n qua' -do^?i va(n minh
> Len sa^u gia^.t mi`nh kinh khie^'p !
> La('m ngu+o+`i mua du.c su'c sinh
> Bao em ba'n tha^n trinh tie^'t !
>
> Xo't xa cho nhu+~ng ca?nh -do+`i
> Tra^`n mi`nh so^'ng giu+~a co~i ngu+o+`i
> Va(n minh, pha't trie^?n, tu+` bi
> Ai su+o+'ng, ai kho^? na`o ghi ?
>
> 8-9/03/97
>
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------
Topic No. 6
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 1997 23:09:34 -0500
From: "Toan" <toan@usa.net>
To: <vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: Re: Tho+
Message-ID: <199703210352.WAA24374@ns.kreative.net>
YES!
> I would like also to see Vietnam press Thailand to give an expression of
> reponsibility about her pirates who made crimes against Viet boatmen.
> An official apology is the least.
> Su`ng Dda.o sao sa?n sinh mo^.t lu~ ha?i ta(.c kinh ngu+o+`i nhu+ va^.y.
> Ddu'ng la` ca'i bo.n: Trai tho+`i tro^.m cu+o+'p, ga'i buo^n...
This apology is LOOOOOOOOOONG Overdue. The Thai Authorities, especialy the
Navy and police looked away while our people were raped and robbed within
their waters.
I refused to buy Thai rice for two years and called on all Viets to do so,
but it did'nt make an impact because we valued our rice bowls more than the
welfare of our own kind!
Just make your calculation, 2 million Oversease Viets, rice, nu+o+'c ma('m,
tu+o+ng, ddo^` ho^.p...Dollars can call a negotiation, or at least someone
listening to our concerns!
SAD!
Toa`n
> =============
> I wonder whether VN would have to apologize some country and if I
> sounded a litle bit apartheist.
> Any way, I can recognize Trie^.u Vu~ dde^' as a Viet King regardless to
> his Chines origine.
> Cheer
>
> On Wed, 19 Mar 1997, Truong Trong Hoang wrote:
>
> > Ca'c ba'c tha^n me^'n,
> >
> > Me^'n go+?i -de^'n ca'c ba'c mo^.t ba`i tho+ ... con co'c tui la`m ve^`
Tha'i
> > Lan.
> >
> > Tru+o+ng Tro.ng Hoa`ng
> > ----------
> > CA?M HOA`I
> >
> > Tha'i Lan o+i ho+?i Tha'i Lan
> > -Da^'t nu+o+'c tie^'ng nhanh pha't trie^?n
> > Su`ng Vua nhu+ the^? tie^n tha^`n
> > Ki'nh Pha^.t tu+.a kho^ng lay chuye^?n !
> >
> > Mo+'i nhi`n qua' -do^?i va(n minh
> > Len sa^u gia^.t mi`nh kinh khie^'p !
> > La('m ngu+o+`i mua du.c su'c sinh
> > Bao em ba'n tha^n trinh tie^'t !
> >
> > Xo't xa cho nhu+~ng ca?nh -do+`i
> > Tra^`n mi`nh so^'ng giu+~a co~i ngu+o+`i
> > Va(n minh, pha't trie^?n, tu+` bi
> > Ai su+o+'ng, ai kho^? na`o ghi ?
> >
> > 8-9/03/97
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
------------------------------
Topic No. 7
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 1997 13:31:06 +1000 (EST)
From: hduc@airmoon.epa.nsw.gov.au
To: vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Cc: Multiple recipients of list <vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: Re:Ba'o VN: Co^? va^.t Ha` No^.i kho hie^.n va^.t vo^ gia'
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970321131537.20801A-100000@airmoon>
Hi Anhai, Vinh and all,
Just back from Vietnam after visiting Hanoi and Siagon. I went to the
History Museum in Hanoi and saw the exibition on historical relics of
Hanoi. It is small but quite good with a few newly discovered bronze
drums including the Co Loa drum.
There is no instruments to protect against temperature, humidity,
thieves, fires.. that i can see. The same things when i visited the
museums in Saigon. In fact, on the other halls of the History museumm in
Hanoi, i can see some materials in the state of decay such as maps,
ancient bones and tools.. Definitely, the museum should take steps to
protect these historical pieces. Maybe, there is a lack of fund.
I bought a very good book on the Dong Son civilisation by Ha Van Tan
printed in 1996 supported by the Toyota Foundation. A hard cover monograph of
research articles. In Saigon, i also bought a superb book on Oc Eo
Archeology by Vo Si Khai. This book is also provided by the Toyota
Foundation. A recommended book on the state of archeology conducted by
Vietnamese researchers since 1975 to present in the Southern part of the
country.
Cheers,
Hiep Nguyen
On Thu, 20 Mar 1997 Yurong@oes.itri.org.tw wrote:
>
>
>
>
> Hi, anh Anhai
> Thanks a lot for your emails on articles of Ba'o VN\.
>
> ><Ma(.c da^^`u die^^.n ti'ch tru+ng ba`y co' ha.n, mo+'i chi? co' 276 hie^^.n
> >va^^.t ddu+o+.c gio+'i thie^^.u (trong to^^?ng so^^' ho+n 6000 hie^^.n va^^.t)
> >cu~ng mo^^.t pha^^`n the^^? hie^^.n qua' tri`nh li.ch su+? pha't trie^^?n Thu?
> >ddo^^ nu+o+'c ta qua ca'c su+u ta^^.p quy' gia'.=20
>
> Were these things protected agaist temperature, humidity, bad environment
> and/or other factors such like thieves, fires or other disasters ?
> When I visit the musium in Saigon. I did not see anything used to protect
> against temperature, humidity etc...
>
> Regards
> Vinh
>
>
>
------------------------------
Topic No. 8
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 1997 13:21:50 +0800
From: Yurong@oes.itri.org.tw
To: vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu
Subject: Re:Re: Vietnam and China
Message-ID: <48256461:001C465B.00@oesns4.oes.itri.org.tw>
>Nga`y xu+a Trung Quo^^'c the^^` cho^^'ng My~ cho dde^^'n ngu+o+`i Vie^^.t
>nam cuo^^'i cu`ng, ga^^`n dda^^y ho+n TQ the^^` cho^^'ng Vie^^.t nam dde^^'n
>ngu+o+`i Ca(mpuchia cuo^^'i cu`ng.
>Vi` va^^.y sau ma^^'y nga`y, to^^'i nay to^^i la`m hai to^^ pho+? xe lu+?a.
>
>Cheers
>Aiviet
Cha`, dda~ qua' nhi?\. Anh la`m tui the`m pho+? ghe^^\. O+? dda^^y cha(?ng
co' pho+? ma` chi? co' thu+'c a(n toa`n... da^^`u vo+'i mo+?!!!
Anh la.c quan qua'!, anh kho^^ng tha^^'y chi? ho+n 10 na(m la.i dda^^y tho^^i\.
Qua^^n lu+.c Ta`u hu`ng ma.nh bao nhie^^u , trong khi qua^^n lu+.c VN
the^^m ddu+o+.c ca'i gi`\. Va? la.i Ta`u ba^^y gio+` da^^n cu~ng gia`u,
co`n VN thi` ra^^'t la` nghe`o kho^^'n\.
Cheer
Vinh
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End of VNSA-L Digest 291
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