Ti'nh ca'ch... (5)

[Truong Trong Hoang <g3937464@mahidol.ac.th>]

Lo+`i ngo~: xin lo^~i ca'c ba'c, Hoa`ng tui hie^.n ke.t gio+` la('m ne^n la^u
la^u mo+'i a`o vo^ lab download mo^.t ca'i ra`o ve^` nha` mo+'i -do.c va`
vie^'t ne^n thu+o+`ng la` pha?n u+'ng cha^.m mong ca'c ba'c tho^ng ca?m . Co'
le? H . tui xin phe'p bie^'t gi` no'i na^'y va` ra'ng no'i tha`nh tu+`ng chu?
-de^` . Ca'c ba'c ne^'u tha^'y interested chu? -de^` na`o thi` cu+' xin go'p
tie^'ng, chu? -de^` mo+'i ra ro^`i go'p tie^'ng ve^` chu? -de^` cu~ cu~ng
cha(?ng sao hoa(.c gia? tre^n thread na`y ba'c na`o thi'ch ne^u chu? -de^`
na`o mo+'i cu~ng xin cu+' tu+. tie^.n .

Ky` na`y H . tui xin -de^` ca^.p ve^` philosophy va` ngu+o+`i Vie^.t mi`nh .

No'i ve^` philosophy thi` thu+.c su+. tui kho^ng ra`nh ma^'y (chi? -du+o+.c
ho.c philosophy -da.i cu+o+ng trong mo^n ethics, co`n la.i thi` -do.c sa'ch
vo` ve~ tho^i) co' -die^`u cu~ng ba^'m gan no'i -da.i mong ca'c ba'c chi?
gia'o the^m .

Philosophy theo Oxford dictionary co' the^? hie^?u theo hai nghi~a:

- 1(a) the search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of
the universe and of human life

- 2 a set of beliefs or an attitude to life that is a guiding principle for
behavior .

(xin lo^~i H . tui -da~ gie^'m bo+'t nghi~a 1(b) vi` muo^'n gio+'i ha.n va^'n
-de^`)

1 . Nghi~a thu+' nha^'t ta.m di.ch la` trie^'t ho.c . Vie^.t Nam co'
philosopher kho^ng ta -da~ ba`n ro^`i nay tui chi? xin no'i qua ve^` con
ngu+o+`i Vie^.t Nam va` trie^'t ho.c  ? Kho^ng bie^'t ca'c da^n to^.c kha'c
-da.i -da so^' qua^`n chu'ng ra sao (kho^ng ke^? -da'm aristocracy), no'i ve^`
ba?n cha^'t va` y' nghi~a cu?a the^' gio+'i/vu~ tru. va` cuo^.c -do+`i thi`
co' ve? i't nha^'t trong -do+`i, ai -do' la` da^n Vie^.t na`y cu~ng -da~ mo^.t
la^`n nghi~ to+'i . Tha'ng ro^`i mo^.t o^ng tha^`y cu?a tui "-do^.t ngo^.t ra
-di kho^ng mo^.t lo+`i tu+` bie^.t", -di -da'm tang hai ba.n Vie^.t Nam cu?a
tui ngu+o+`i na`o cu~ng la('c -da^`u ro^`i che'p mie^.ng ra(`ng "-do+`i
ngu+o+`i thoa('t tro^ng thoa('t bie^'n, xe't cho cu`ng na`o co' nghi~a gi`"
trong khi ma^'y -du+'a nu+o+'c kha'c cu~ng co' -du+'a buo^`n nhu+ng cha(?ng
-du+'a na`o no'i -du+o+.c mo^.t ca^u nhu+ va^.y . (Hay la` bo.n chu'ng kho^ng
the`m no'i ra  . . . tho^i che^'t !) Ke^? ca? da^n bi`nh da^n cu~ng tha^'y
trie^'t ho.c -da^`y mi`nh qua ma^'y chu+~ xa^m mi`nh kie^?u "-Do+`i vo^
nghi~a", "-Do+`i -den ba.c" v .v . . . (Kho^ng bie^'t ca'c nu+o+'c kha'c da^n
co' xa^m ma^'y ca^u nhu+ va^.y kho^ng  ?) Sa(?n -da^y do.n ra la.i ma^'y ca^u
ho?i cu~ ri'ch cu?a trie^'t ho.c: "The^' gio+'i na`y o+? -da^u ra  ?", "Con
ngu+o+`i ta so^'ng o+? -do+`i na`y -de^? la`m ca'i gi`  ?" OK ca'c ba'c tra?
lo+`i sao cu~ng -du+o+.c vi` tha^.t su+. ma^'y ca^u na`y trie^'t ho.c co^'
ga('ng tra? lo+`i nhu+ng cu~ng trie^'t ho.c no'i la` ma^'y ca^u na`y ho^?ng
bie^'t ai no'i -du'ng ai no'i sai vi` kho^ng chu+'ng minh -du+o+.c (ai thi'ch
sao cu+' cho la` va^.y, -die^`u quan tro.ng cu?a trie^'t ho.c la` ho?i chu+'
kho^ng pha?i tra? lo+`i !) . Ca'c ba'c tha^'y da^n Vie^.t co' tu+. ho?i mi`nh
ma^'y ca^u kie^?u na`y kho^ng, ne^'u co' thi` -da~ la` co' ma'u trie^'t gia
cho du` -do^i lu'c chi? la` trie^'t gia "nu+~a mu`a" tho^i .

2 . No'i ve^` nghi~a thu+' hai thi` co' le? di.ch la` "trie^'t ly' so^'ng"
thi` co' ve? ho+.p . Trie^'t ly' so^'ng thi? chi? -do+n thua^`n la` beliefs
va` attitude tho^i, da^n na`o ngu+o+`i na`o cu~ng co' . O+? -da^y ta thu+?
ti`m hie^?u xem ca'i philosophy cu?a ngu+o+`i Vie^.t co' -da(.c -die^?m gi`
chung kho^ng vi` a^u no' cu~ng la` mo^.t pha^`n ta.o ne^n ti'nh ca'ch . Kho^ng
pha?i la` co^ng tri`nh nghie^n cu+'u, ma^'y lo+`i tui no'i sau -da^y chi? la`
chu't suy nghi~ cu~ng  . . . "nu+~a mu`a" (co' the^? ba'c na`o thi'ch thi` ra
co^ng la`m ky~ lu+o+~ng ho+n) ve^` trie^'t ly' so^'ng cu?a ngu+o+`i Vie^.t .
La^'y -do+~ tu.c ngu+~ ra la`m da^~n chu+'ng va^.y:

(1) A(n ca^y na`o ra`o ca^y na^'y
    A(n cha('c, ma(.c be^`n

(2) Cu?a ngu+o+`i bo^` ta't, cu?a mi`nh la.t buo^.c (Ca^u na`y ma` la` trie^'t
                         ly' so^'ng cu?a ma^'y quan thi` kho^? cho da^n ro^`i)

    Cha chung kho^ng ai kho'c

(3) Mo^.t con ngu+.a -dau ca? ta`u bo? co? (co' ngu+o+`i update tha`nh "ca?
                                                 ta`u a(n the^m co?" !)

    La' la`nh -du`m la' ra'ch

Ta.m gom ma^'y y' (Vi` tui kho^ng -du? thi` gio+` suy nghi~ he^'t mong ca'c
ba'c tho^ng ca?m va` bo^? khuye^'t the^m cho):

(1) Thu+.c du.ng (Pragmatism) (Nhu+ va^.y la` kho^ng pha?i mo+'i -da^y va`
-do^? thu+`a cho market economy ma` la` -da~ co' tu+` la^u ro^`i)

(2) Vi. ky? (Egoism) (no'i ve^` -da.o -du+'c thi` thu' thie^.t mang tie^'ng
la` theo utilitarianism va` paternalism chu+' tha^.t su+. la` egoism na(.ng
la('m) (ma` uti. va` pater. ("mu.c -di'ch to^'t/cu+'u ca'nh bie^.n minh cho
phu+o+ng tie^.n") thi` cu~ng -da~ la('m ngu+o+`i kho^ng u+a ro^`i)

(3) Ca?m ti'nh (Emotivism) (Ca'i na`y o^ng Kant che^ la('m vi` ra^'t unstable
bu+~a na`o ca?m -do^.ng thi` cho a(n ma`y, bu+~a na`o bi. chu? chu+o+?i thi`
-de^'ch the`m cho a(n ma`y)

Ma^'y ca'i trie^'t ly' so^'ng na`y tui nho+' -da~ co' ba'c na`o no'i la` vi`
hoa`n ca?nh so^'ng qua' kho^'n -do^'n ma` ra (pha?i adapt to environment chu+'
kho^ng thi` "tie^u de^n" tu+` la^u ro^`i) .

Tho^i co' le? nga(n nga('n the^' tho^i, -de^? ca'c ba'c bo^? sung the^m nu+~a
thi` -du? .

Tha^n cha`o ta^'t ca? ca'c ba'c .

Tru+o+ng Tro.ng Hoa`ng