Re: Uy'nh dda^u` chi'n nha<m

["Toan" <toan@usa.net>]

A`, Mo^.ng lo^~ tui nghe co`n de^~ chi.u ho+n nghe Oe't-Mo-Len vo+'i
Ni't-Xo+n vo+'i Oa-Xin-To+n!
Nhu+ng ho. phie^n a^m nhu+ va^.y cu~ng co' 1 li' do: pho^? tho^ng hoa'
ca'ch ddo.c ca'c a^m ngoa.i ngu+~ trong da^n Vie^.t. 

Co' mo^.t ddie^`u tui nghi~ sau na`y khi ho.c thu+'c da^n mi`nh trung bi`nh
la` ca^'p 2 tro+? le^n thi` co' le~ ddo.c luo^n te^n kho?i phie^n a^m thi`
hay ho+n (tru+` nhu+~ng tie^'ng ho+i xa ngoa`i Latin).  

----------
> From: Ian Bui <ianb@sun670.telecom.tandem.com>
> To: Multiple recipients of list <vnsa-l@csd.uwm.edu>
> Subject: Uy'nh dda^u` chi'n nha<m
> Date: Saturday, 12 April, 1997 4:36 PM
> 
> Chao` ca? la`ng,
> 
> Theo to^i nghi~ thi` te^n hie^.u kho^ng ne^n thay ddo^?i hay phie^n a^m
> la`m gi`, ke?o la.i tha`nh ra nhu* "Mo^.ng Lo^~" nu*~a thi` phie^`n :)) 
> Nhu*ng ca'c tu*` ngu*~ chuye^n mo^n thi` to^i nghi~ trong tru*o*`ng ne^n 
> da.y ca? hai thu*' tie^'ng cho ho.c sinh. Du` co' di.ch ra tie^'ng Vie^.t

> ddu*o*.c ddi nu*~a, bie^'t the^m tie^'ng Anh dda^u co' ha.i gi`, co`n co'

> lo*.i nhie^`u nu*a~ la` dda<`ng kha'c, nha^'t la` khi ca^`n la`m vie^.c 
> hay giao tie^'p vo*'i ngu*o*`i ngoa.i quo^'c.
> 
> Ca'i kho' no' na<`m o*? cho^~ di.ch la`m sao cho ddu'ng nghia~ va` ddu'ng
> vo*'i "context" (k0 bie^'t tu*` na`y di.ch ra tie^'ng Vie^.t la`m sao :))

Context
Con=ddo^`ng, cu`ng
Text=va(n
Di.ch ra ddo^`ng va(n la` sai be't. nga`y xu+a ca'c bo^ dda~ ca~i nhau a^`m
le^n vi` co' bo^ muo^'n tie^u chua^?n hoa' ca'c chu+~ chu+ con, co, tha`nh
ra ddo^`ng, v.vv

Context de^~ hie^?u theo mi`nh di.ch la` 
<va(n ca?nh>
nhu+ng thie^.t ra va(n ca?nh co`n ye^'u ho+n context mo^.t na^'c.

O^ng qua^n su+ va` tha^`y cu?a tui khuye^n du`ng <va(n ma.ch> tui tha^'y
ra^'t la` hay.
<Va(n> chu+'a ddu'ng nghi~a cu?a text, co`n ma.nh ho+n text nu+~a la`. Va(n
hoa' kho^ng chi? la` text, va(n hie^'n, v.v..
<Ma.ch> la` theo mo^.t tuye^'n, mo^.t ddu+o+`ng co' quang he^. Nhu+ trong
<ma.ch la.c>. 

Va^.y <Va(n ca?nh> la` mo^.t co^' ga('ng dde^? la`m die^.u ca'i la. trong
chu+~ ddo^`ng=con, du`ng <va(n ca?nh> thay vi` <ddo^`ng va(n> vi` no'i
<ddo^`ng va(n> thi` cha? ai hie^?u ca?.

Nhu+ng ca?nh bao go^`m va` ro^.ng, nhu+ng kho^ng lie^n ke^'t ddu+o+.c ca'c
<ma.ch> cu?a <va(n>.

<Va(n ma.ch> la` lie^n ddu+o+.c nhi.p, tuye^'n, va` go+.i ca? ca'i ta'nh
so^'ng trong nhu+`ng chu+` ta thu+o+`ng du`ng nhu+ ma.ch ma'u, xem ma.ch,
v.v..

> cu?a nga`nh. Ti? du. nhu* protocol trong "business context" kha'c vo*i'
> protocol trong "data network context", va` kha'c vo*'i protocol trong
> "diplomatic context", v.v. Ne^n nho*' la` co' nhie^`u tu*` tie^'ng Anh
> tu*. no' dda~ gu*o*.ng e'p ro^i`, ne^'u mi`nh cu*' nha<'m ma<'t nha<'m 
> mu~i di.ch dda.i thi` co' the^? tro*'t lo* ca? dda'm ho^`i na`o kho^ng
hay. 
> 
> La^'y chu*~ "interface" cha<?ng ha.n. Du`ng trong context cu?a
intrasystem 
> communication, chu*~ "face" nay` hoa`n toa`n kho^ng co' nghia~ la` "ma<.t
> mu~i" hay "si~ die^.n" gi` ca? :) ne^u' di.ch la` "giao die^.n" thi`
cu~ng 
> gu*o*.ng la<'m dda^'y chu*' dda^u phai? kho^ng. Theo to^i ca'ch to^'t
nha^'t 
> la` tru*o*'c he^'t ta pha?i hie^?u va` ddi.nh nghia~ cho ro~ ra`ng ca'c
kha'i 
> nie^.m  (concept) mi`nh ca^`n di.ch, ro^`i tu*` ddo' mo*'i ddi ti`m
nhu*~ng 
> tu*` thi'ch ho*.p dde^? la<'p ra'p vao`. 


>Ddie^`u quan tro.ng la` la`m sao cho
> ca'c tu*` pha?i sa'ng su?a va` 

"make sense" 

U?a, co' ca^`n di.ch chu+` na`y kho^ng he`?

>ddo^'i vo*'i ho.c sinh.

Ra^'t ddo^`ng y'.

Toa`n