Chi'nh ta? trong tie^'ng vie^.t

[Phung Ho Hai <phung@msri.org>]

tha^'y ca'c ba'c ba`n lua^.n ve^` vie^.c no'i va` vie^'t tie^'ng vie^.t
ne^n to^i cu~ng xin go'p y'. Theo to^i tha^'y, hie^.n nay chuye^.n vie^'t
sai chi'nh ta? nga`y ca`ng tro+? ne^n pho^? bie^'n trong tie^'ng vie^.t.
Ca'c sai so't tho^ng thuo+`ng la`
 l <-> n
 s <-> x
 d <-> gi <-> r
 ch <-> tr
ngoa`i ra co`n co' sai ve^` da'nh ca'c da^'u ho?i nga~. Theo to^i, vie^.c
da'nh sai ca'c da^'u ho?i, nga~, na(.ng la` cha^'p nha^.n duo.c theo ca'c
nghi~a sau:
 1. nguo+`i vie^'t co^' ti`nh da'nh sai (y' no'i kha'c vo+'i ca'ch da'nh
chua^?n cu?a tie^'ng pho^? tho^ng) de^? nha^'n ma.nh ti'nh dia. phuo+ng
cu?a ngo^n ngu+~. Thi' du. trong mo^.t ca^u chuye^.n ke^? ve^` mo^.t
nguo+`i Hue^' hay mo^.t nguo+`i Nam, v.v...

2. trong nhu+~ng ba`i vie^'t informal, thi' du. vie^'t thu+, ba`n loa.n
tre^n vnsa, v.v...

Con ne^'u nhu+ in mo^.t ba`i tre^n bao' thi` kho^ng ne^n da'nh da^'u sai
kha'c vo+'i lua^.t da'nh da^'u cu?a tie^'ng vie^.t pho^? tho^ng. 
To^i kho^ng he^` co' y' che^ bai ca'c tie^'ng di.a phuo+ng, ca'c cu. no'i
"che'm cha kho^ng ba(`ng pha gio.ng". Nhu+ng theo to^i vie^.c co' mo^.t
tie^'ng vie^.t chua^?n la` quan tro.ng va` mo.i nguo+`i ca^`n pha?i no'i
duo.c tie^'ng vie^.t chua^?n. O+? vie^.t nam hie^.n nay, ta.i ca'c ti?nh,
da`i truye^`n hi`nh ca'c ti?nh de^`u co' mo^.t pha't thanh vie^n no'i
gio.ng chua^?n. Ke^? ra khi mo+'i nghe thi` cu~ng buo^`n cuo+`i vi` ca'c
pha't thanh vie^n na`y co^' nha.i gio.ng ca'c pha't thanh vie^n da`i ha`
no^.i. Ta^'t nhie^n, ca'c da`i di.a phuo+ng cu~ng co' pha't thanh vie^n
no'i gio.ng dia. phuo+ng. Ta^'t ca? chu'ng ta khi ra nuo+'c ngoa`i hay
tha^.m chi' o+? trong nuo+'c de^`u mong muo^'n co' the^? no'i va` vie^'t
tie^'ng anh to^'t vi` do' la` mo^.t thu+' tie^'ng "chua^?n" hie^.n nay
tre^n the^' gio+'i. Va^.y thi` ta.i sao chu'ng ta, nhu+~ng nguo+`i vie^.t
la.i kho^ng muo^'n i't ra la` co' the^? vie^'t duo.c tie^'ng vie^.t
chua^?n. Ta.i sao ca'c ba'c trong nam la.i suy nghi~ ra(`ng " ta.i sao
to^i, mo^.t nguo+`i sa`i go`n cha(?ng ha.n, la.i pha?i vie^'t gio^'ng bo.n
Ha` no^.i." Suy nghi~ cu.c bo^. dia. phuo+ng nhu+ va^.y la` kho^ng du'ng.
Thu+.c ra tie^'ng Ha` no^.i nga`y nay kho^ng pha?i la` tie^'ng vie^.t
pho^? tho^ng, to^i se~ gia?i thi'ch die^`u nay` o+? duo+'i. 
Ta^'t nhie^n, tie^'ng vie^.t pho^? tho^ng la` tie^'ng ba('c chu+' kho^ng
pha?i tie^'ng nam, die^`u na`y tha^.t ta cu~ng cha(?ng co' gi` kho'
hie^?u. Nguo+`i nam cha(?ng qua la` con cha'u cu?a nhu+~ng nguo+`i ba('c
xu+a kia va`o nam mo+? nuo+'c. vi` die^`u kie^.n khi' ha^.u, nuo+'c no^i
ma` da^`n da^`n thay do^?i tie^'ng no'i. vi` the^' gio.ng no'i cu?a
nguo+`i ba('c cha('c cha('n pha?i gio^'ng gio.ng no'i cu?a to^? tie^n ho+n
gio.ng no'i nguo+`i nam.

Tro+? la.i gio.ng no'i Ha` no^.i. Ta^'t nhie^n ve^` ma(.t sa('c tha'i gi`
gio.ng Ha` no^.i la` gio.ng chua^?n cu?a tie^'ng pho^? tho^ng. Tuy nhie^n
ve^` ca'ch pha't a^m thi` nguo+`i ha` no^.i co`n xa mo+'i duo.c go.i la`
pha't a^m chua^?n theo tie^'ng pho^? tho^ng. Va` co' the^? no'i ca`ng
nga`y ho. ca`ng no'i sai da^~n de^'n vie^'t sai. Co' ca'ch pha't a^m du'ng
theo to^i la` nhu+~ng nguo+`i tu+` Nghe^. an de^'n Thu+a` thie^n Hue^',
tuy nhie^n gio.ng cu?a ho. kho^ng pha?i la` gio.ng chua^?n pho^? tho^ng.
to'm la.i, nguo+`i ha`no^.i no'i du'ng ve^` thanh a^m (da^'u) nhu+ng sai
ve^` pha't a^m (s-x, d-gi,...) trong khi do' nguo+`i Nghe^. an-Thu+a`
thie^n pha't a^m du'ng nhu+ng sai ve^` thanh a^m (so vo+'i gio.ng
chua^?n), nguo+`i nam thi` sai ta^'t (again, so vo+'i gio.ng chua^?n). 
No'i the^' na`y thi` hoa' ra cha(?ng co' ai no' gio.ng chua^?n ca?. Qua?
thu+.c la` chi? co' mo^.t va`i pha't thanh vie^n co'ca'i gio.ng ga^`n
chua^?n ho+n ca?.

Tro+? la.i vie^.c no'i sai va` vie^'t sai, co' ba'c cho ra(`ng ngo^n ngu+~
luo^n thay do^?i va` sai nhie^`u tha`nh du'ng. to^i cu~ng do^`ng y' nhu+
va^.y. Nhu+ng kho^ng the^? la^'y do' de^? bie^.n minh cho vie^.c no'i va`
vie^'t sai chi'nh ta? Tie^'ng anh, co' ha`ng tra(m accents khac' nhau
nhu+ng kho^ng co' ca'i accent na`o ma` trong do' nine do.c tha`nh line
nhu+ to^i duo.c nghe ma^'y co^ ta`u go^'c Kanton no'i ca?. Ho+n nu+~a,
tie^'ng vie^.t cu?a ta la.i la` tie^'ng do+n a^m, thie^'u va^`n ne^n mo^.t
tu+` co' the^? co' nhie^`u nghia~.  Ca'c ba'c thu+? tuo+?ng tu+o+?ng ne^'u
nhu+ chu'ng ta do^`ng nha^'t l vo+'i n, s vo+'i x, ho?i vo+'i na(.ng vo+'i
nga~ thi` tie^'ng vie^.t ta co' the^? hie^?u duo.c nu+~a kho^ng.

Tro+? la.i vo+'i ca'c sai chi'nh ta? ma` to^i da~ no'i de^'n o+? da^`u
message. Lo^~i ma` de^~ bi. pha't hie^.n nha^'t la` l<->n. Thu+.c ra
nguo+`i ha`no^.i kho^ng bi. sai lo^~i na`y, chu? ye^'u la` nguo+`i ha?i
hu+ng, tha'i bi`nh. Lo^~i na`y theo to^i la` to^`i te^. nha^'t. Tie^'p
de^'n la` ca'c lo^~i s<->x, tr-ch. Ca'c lo^~i na`y thi` da pha^`n
nguo+`i ha` no^.i ma('c. To^`i te^. de^'n no^~i ho. vie^'t nha^`m te^n
nhau, Truo+ng-Chuo+ng, Trinh-Chinh, Trung-Chung,v.v... Tie^'p de^'n la`
lo^~i d-r, lo^~i na`y cu~ng nhie^`n nguo+`i ma('c khi no'i, cha(?ng ha.n
ho. no'i "mua dau" ("mua rau")  nhu+ng i't bi. sai ho+n khi vie^'t. Lo^~i
kho' pha't hie^.n nha^'t la` d-gi. Nguo+`i Ha`no^.i thi` tuye^.t nhie^n
kho^ng the^? pha^n bie^.t duo.c hai phu. a^m na`y va` co' le~ da so^'
nguo+`i vie^.t kho^ng pha^n bie^.t duo+.c trong tu+`ng truo+`ng ho+.p cu.
the^?, cha(?ng ha.n "gia(`ng gia(.c, hay da(`ng da(.c", "giu.c gia~" hay
"du.c da~". to^i nghi~, khi ma` ca'i o^ng gi` nguo+`i Ta^y ban nha
invented chu+~ quo^'c ngu+~ thi` ca'c cu. nha` ta pha?i pha^n bie^.t ca'ch
pha't a^m cu?a hai phu. a^m a^'y chu+' nhi?, ne^'u kho^ng vie^.c gi` pha?i
du`ng hai phu. a^m kha'c nhau. Cuo^'i cu`ng thi` cu~ng chi? co' nguo+`i
tu+` Nghe^. an de^'n thu+`a thie^n la` co`n pha^n bie^.t  ca'ch pha't
a^m hai phu. a^m na`y.
Ha?i