RE: [CUL] Vong ba?n - Ngoa.i lai

[Hong Lam Vu <vuh000@goofy.zdv.Uni-Mainz.de>]

Hi ba'c Die^~m,

On Wed, 14 May 1997, Diem Quynh Nguyen wrote:

>  Hi ba'c La^m:
>  DDo.c ba'c lua^.n nghe hay la('m. Chiu. ba'c nha^'t o*? cho^~ "va(n hoa' ta co' 
> nga`y nay la` to^?ng ho*.p cu?a ca'c va(n hoa'" va` "dda~ o*? da.ng tinh"! 
> Voila`! Ca'i nhi`n cu?a ba'c co' chie^`u da`i li.ch su*? quan la('m!!!!
>  Tui phu.c ba'c ca^u no'i tre^n la('m ddo'! Nhu*ng ba'c mo*'i no'i co' 1/2 
> tho^i; vi` ba'c chu*a gia?i thi'ch the^' na`o la` "vong ba?n" la` "ngo.ai lai". 
> Tui ddang ddu*'ng du*.a co^.t dde^? nghe ba'c gia?ng dda^y.

Truo+'c he^'t pha?i kha(?ng di.nh la` to^i tra'nh kho^ng du`ng ca#c tu+`
dda~ co' negative connotation nhu+ "vong ba?n", "ngoa.i lai". Khi buo^.c
pha?i du`ng, thi` to^i luo^n dde^? trong ngoa(.c ke'p. Vi` va^.y, co'
the^? no'i, to^i kho^ng co' ddi.nh nghi~a rie^ng ve^` "vong ba?n".

So+? di~ to^i kho^ng co' ddi.nh nghi~a ve^` "vong ba?n" vi` to^i kho^ng
bie^'t thew^' na`o la` "ba?n" dde^? ma` "vong". Hay no'i chi'nh xa#c ho+n,
theo quan nie^-m cu?a to^i, ba?n sa('c va(n ho'a mo^.t da^n to^.c kho^ng
pha?i la` mo^.t ca'i gi` cu+'ng ddo+`, ba^'t bie^'n, va` "trong veo"
kho^ng bi. "va^?n ddu.c" cu?a nhu+~ng ye^'u to^' "ngoa.i lai". No' la`
mo^.t ca'i gi` so^'ng ddo^.ng cu`ng cuo^.c so^'ng, luo^n bie^'n ddo^?i
theo tho+`i gian. Ddi.nh nghi~a "ba?n sa('c" (identity?) ca`ng he.p, tu+#c
go^`m ca`ng nhie^`u tie1u chi' thi` se~ tha^'y no' bie^'n ddo^?i ca`ng
nhanh, va` nguo+.c la.i, ne^'u ddi.nh nghi~a no' ca`ng ro^.ng, tu+#c la`
vo+'i ca`ng i't tie^u chi' thi` se~ tha^'y ca'i ba?n sa('c dduo+.c ddi.nh
nghi~a ro^.ng na`y chi? thay ddo^?i theo nhu+~ng giai ddo.aqn li.ch su+?
ca`ng da`i.

Vi` va^.y to^i chi? ddi.nh nghi~a vie^.c "ma^'t ba?n sa('c" la` khi mo^.t
da^n to^.c cha^'m du+'t to^`n ta.i. Trong truo+`ng ho+.p no'i ve^` ba?n
sa('c va(n ho#a cu?a mo^.t da^n to^.c, toi^ dda'nh ddo^`ng identity vo+'i
existence. Co`n khi na`o thi` mo^.t da^n to^.c cha^'m du+'t to^`n ta.i,
to^i theo convention, tu+#c la` khi kho^ng co`n ai tu+. nha^.n la` tha`nh
vie^n cu?a da^n to^.c a^#y nu+~a. La^'y vi' du. va(n ho#a Ai ca^.p co^?
dda~ he^'t to^`n ta.i vi` con cha'u cu?a nguo+`i ai ca^.p co^? dda~
theo va(n ho#a Arab va` tro+? tha`nh nguo+`i Arab. Ne^'u sau na`y nguo+`i
Ai ca^.p ta'ch kho?i co^.ng ddo^`ng Arab dde^'n mu+'c coi co^.ng ddo^`ng 
cu?a ho. kho^ng co`n la` mo^.t ma?ng ddi.a phuo+ng trong co^.ng ddo^`ng
Arab, ma` la` 1 co^.ng ddo^`ng "ba(`ng vai pha?i lu+'a" vo+'i co^.ng
ddo^`ng Arab no'i chung, khi ddo' co' the^? coi la` da^n to^.c Aica^.p
dda~ so^'ng la.i, dda~ "lo^.t xa#c" vo+'i mo^.t ba?n sa('c mo+'i.

Ne^n tui chi? go.i la` "vong ba?n" khi mo^.t da^n to^.c gia nha^.p mo^.t
da^n to^.c kha#c hoa(.c vo+~ ra nhie^`u ma?nh dde^? ro^`i nhu+~ng ma?nh
vo+~ na`y gia nha^.p ca'c da^n to^.c kha'c. 

Co`n trong truo+`ng ho+.p 1 da^n to^.c thay ddo^?i ba?n sa('c nhu+ng
kho^ng cha^'m du+'t to^`n ta.i, thi` go.i la` mo^.t su+. lo^.t xa'c. Vi'
du. VN, to^i cho ra(`ng va(n ho#a Vie^.t dda~ tra?i qua giai ddoa.n lo^.t
xa#c tu+` mo^.t ne^`n vh Ddo^ng So+n tro+? tha`nh mo^.t ne^`n vn Ha'n
ho#a. Ba^y gio+` vh Vie^.t cu~ng ddang ddu+'ng truo+'c nguo+~ng cu+?a cu?a
mo^.t cuo^.c lo^.t xa#c mo+'i.

Pha^n bie^.t giu+~a Lo^.t xa'c vo+'i ca#c bie^'n ddo^?i ba?n sa('c co+~
nho? ho+n, nguo+`i ta thuo+`ng cho ra(`ng 1 da^n to^.c chuye^?n tu+` ne^`n
va(n ho'a na`y sang ne^`n va(n ho#a kh'ac khi ca'i ca^'u tru'c cu?a ne^`n
vh cu~ bi. thay the^'. Nhu+ va^.y thay ddo^?i ba?n sa('c la` mo^.t
structural change.

Co`n ngoa.i lai la` gi` thi` ca(n cu+' theo ca'i tie^1u chi' ve^` cas^'u
tru'c na`y, co' the^? ddi.nh nghi~a ye^'u to^' ngoa.i lai la` nhu+~ng
ye^'u to^' la. ve^` ca^'u tru'c so vo+'i ne^`n vh ddang xe't.

Y' kie^'n rie^ng cu?a to^i thi` to^i kho^ng cho^'ng vie^.c thu na.p ca'i
ye^'u to^' "ngoa.i lai", bo+?i ve^` nguye^1n ta('c to^i dda~ kho^ng
chop^'ng vie^.c thay ddo^?i ca^'u tru'c 1 ne^`n va(n ho'a, tu+'c kho^ng
cho^'ng vie^.c thay ddo^?i ba?n sa('c. Ddo^i khi, thay ddo^?i ba?n sa('c
la` ca'ch duy nha^'t ddee^? so^'ng co`n, tu+#c la` pha?i bie^'n dde^?
to^`n. Tha`nh ra "giu+~ gi`n ba?n sa(#c da^n to^.c" la` mo^.t cu.m tu+`
ra^'t "chi'nh tri." chu+' kho^ng xa`i dduo+.c khi la`m khoa ho.c.


> 
> >>>>>>>> NGa`y nay ngu*o*`i Vie^.t i't ai co`n co' "ba`n cha^n Giao Chi?" vi` ai 
> cu~ng ddi gia`y Ta^y ddu*o*.c ca?. Nhu* va^.y ngu*o8`i Vie^.t co' co`n giu*~ 
> ddu*o*.c ca'i go^'c DNA di trye^`n cu?a "GIao Chi?" kho^ng ba'c  La^m?


Ca'i thuye^'t nguo+`i Giao chi? co' ngo'n cha^n ca'i to~e ra la` mo^.t
thuye^#t "da^n gian" chu+a dduo+.c kie^?m chu+'ng ba(`ng khoa ho.c. Ho+n
nu+~a, Giao chi? cu~ng kho^ng cha('c co' nghi~a la` "ngo'n cha^n giao
nhau". Theo to^i dda^y la` mo^.t tu+` phie^n a^m ra tie^'ng ta`u tho+`i
ddo' cu?a mo^.t tu+` go^#c la` mo^.t te^n ddi.a phuo+ng cu?ng vu`ng
dda^'t na`y. Co# thuye^#t cho ra(`ng nga`y xu+a nguo+`i Vie^.t vu`ng
do^`ng ba(`ng Ba('c bo^. co' te^n la` nguo+`i Keo, tu+` dda^y ma` co'
chu+~ Giao trong Giao chi? (a^m ha'n co^? la` Kiao).

Cheers,
La^m